8A Flashcards
a. Asexual reproduction
Form of reproduction in which offspring arise from only one parent
b. Sexual reproduction
The combination of genetic material from 2 individuals to create a third individual.
c. Gametes
A sex cell: sperm or egg cell.
d. Mitosis
Division of genetic material that yields two genetically identical cells
e. Meiosis
Division of genetic material that halves the chromosome number and yields genetically variable gametes.
f. Fertilization
Union of two gametes
g. Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development
h. Chromosomes
A continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell
i. Genome
All of the genetic material in an organism’s cells. Majority of genome is divided among multiple chromosomes housed inside the cell’s nucleus.
Chromatid
Two identical DNA molecules that make up a replicated chromosome
Chromatin
Collective term for all of the DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Kinetochore
Protein that attaches a chromosome to the spindle during cell division
Centrosome
Part of the cell that organizes microtubules
Centromere
Small section of a chromosome where sister chromatids attach to each other
Centrioles
Centrioles are found in animal cells and help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. Centrioles replicate during the interphase stage of mitosis and meiosis.
