11a

Question 1

Transgenic

Answer 1

Containing DNA from multiple species/An individual with recombinant DNA

Question 2

Recombinant DNA

Answer 2

Genetic material that has been cut with restriction enzymes and spliced with DNA from other orgamisms

Question 3

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 3

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to construct a DNA molecule

Question 4

Cloning vector

Answer 4

A self-replicating structure that carries DNA from cell to cell

Question 5

Plasmid

Answer 5

Small circle of double-standed DNA separate from a cell’s chromosome

Question 6

Restriction enzyme

Answer 6

Enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA at specific sequences

Question 7

Electrophoresis

Answer 7

Technique used to sort DNA fragments by size

Question 8

Psuedogenes

Answer 8

A DNA sequence that is very similar to that of a gene: a psuedogene is transcribed but its mRNA is not translated

Question 9

PCR

Answer 9

Polymerase chain reaction - Amplifies DNA in a tet tube using the cell’s replication machinery. (biotechnology tool that rapidly produces millions of copies of a DNA sequence of interest)

Question 10

DNA profiling

Answer 10

Biotechnology tool that uses DNA to detect differences between individuals. Uses DNA sequencing and PCR to detect genetic differences among individuals.

Question 11

STR

Answer 11

Short tandem repeat - short DNA sequences that vary in length among individuals in a population

Question 12

Stem cells

Answer 12

Undifferentiated cell that divides to give rise to additional stem cell and cells that specialize. Found in embryos and some adult tissues.

Question 13

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 13

Stem cell that can give rise to all types of cells in the body

Question 14

Adult stem cells

Answer 14

Cell that can give rise to a limited subset of cells in the body

Question 15

DNA probe

Answer 15

A single stranded sequence of DNA, labeled with a radioactive isotope or flouescent tag, used to detect the presence of a complementary DNA sequence.

Question 16

PGD

Answer 16

preimplantation genetic diagnosis - One cell of an embryo is removed, DNA amplified using PCR and then DNA probes are used to detect genetic illness in the embryo before implanting it into a uterus (in vitro fertilization.)

Question 17

Gene therapy

Answer 17

Treatment that supplements a faulty gene in a cell with a functioning version of the gene. Another variation of gene therapy is using DNA to silence a gene whose activity is causing illness.

Question 18

DNA sequencing

Answer 18

Determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA fragments

Question 19

Cloning

Answer 19

Creates an identical copy of an individual

Question 20

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 20

A type of cloning that combines a nucleus taken from one individual’s body cell with a denucleated egg cell from another individual to produce the first cell of a new organism.

Question 21

Genetic testing

Answer 21

Uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in fetuses, newborns, children and adults. Similar to PGD except the DNA is not sourced from an embryo, rather it is taken from blood, saliva or body tissue.