2.5

Question 1

All the molecules of life are built with carbon atoms. Explain

Answer 1

Carbon's versatility is what makes organic chemistry, and therefore life (which is dependent on organic compounds) possible.  
Carbon special qualities:  
1. Can bond with 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms 
2.  Can form polar or non-polar bonds  
3. Can form chains or rings

Question 2

What are functional groups?

Answer 2

Molecular connectors that hook one subunit of an organic molecule to another

Question 3

List all the functional groups with their structure.

Answer 3

Hydroxal, carboxal, amino, phosphate chap

Question 4

Explain the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Answer 4

In dehydration synthesis, an enzyme binds two monomers releasing a water molecule. In hydrolysis, water is added when the bond between monomers is broken.

Question 5

What is an example of Hydrolysis?

Answer 5

Digestive enzymes breaking down the proteins and other polymers in food.

Question 6

What is an example of dehydration Synthesis?

Answer 6

formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides

Question 7

List the four organic molecules (biomolecules) build on the framework of carbon atoms.

Answer 7

Carbs, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids

Question 8

What is a monomer?

Answer 8

Single unit of Carb, protein or nucleic acid

Question 9

What is a Polymer?

Answer 9

Joined monomers

Question 10

· List the monomers of the organic molecules.

Answer 10

Simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

Question 11

· List the polymers of the organic molecules.

Answer 11

Complex carbs, Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 12

· What are the 3 main types of carbohydrates in living system?

Answer 12

Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 13

Explain the three major types of polysaccharides in the living system.

Answer 13

Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen. Cellulose provides structure to plants. Both starch and glycogen act as storage molecules for energy.

Question 14

· List the different kinds of lipids?

Answer 14

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, sterols

Question 15

What is a saturated fat, characteristics

Answer 15

Single covalent bond between carbons, sheetlike structure, solid

Question 16

What is a monounsaturated fat, characteristics

Answer 16

One double bond between carbons, kinked structure, liquid

Question 17

What is a polyunsaturated fat, characteristics

Answer 17

Many double bonds between carbons, kinked structure, liquid

Question 18

What are phospholipids?

Answer 18

Molecules with a polar head containing phosphate and two nonpolar fatty acid tails

Question 19

· What are steroids, explain with examples?

Answer 19

Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails. Component of eukaryotic cell membranes. Remodeled into bile salts, vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Question 20

· Define proteins.

Answer 20

Chain of monomers called amino acids, control all activities of life.

Question 21

· What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 21

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 22

· How is a peptide bond formed?

Answer 22

By dehydration synthesis (covalent, links each amino acid to its neighbor)

Question 23

· What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 23

Phosphate group, 5 C sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 24

· What are the 2 kinds of nucleic acids?

Answer 24

DNA, RNA

Question 25

· What are the four bases that are found in the nucleotides?

Answer 25

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine (and uracil in RNA)

Question 26

What type of bonds do carbohydrates form?

Answer 26

glycosidic

Question 27

What type of bonds do proteins form?

Answer 27

peptide

Question 28

What type of bonds do triglycerides form?

Answer 28

Ester

Question 29

What type of bonds do nucleic acids form?

Answer 29

Phosphodiester

Question 30

Where are phospholipids found?

Answer 30

Found in lipid bilayers of cell walls.

Question 31

what is a triglyceride?

Answer 31

Three long hydrocarbon chains (fatty acids) bonded to glycerol

Question 32

Simple sugar

Answer 32

Monosaccharide and disaccharide. Quick energy

Question 33

Complex carb

Answer 33

Polymers of monosaccharides. Support, store energy

Question 34

protein

Answer 34

Polymers of amino acids. Carry out nearly all the work of a cell

Question 35

Nucleic acids

Answer 35

Polymers of nucleotides. Store and use genetic information

Question 36

phospholipid

Answer 36

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group. Form major part of biological membranes

Question 37

Sterol

Answer 37

4 fused rings, mostly C and H. Stabilize membranes, sex hormones