7A

Question 1

Pyrimidines?

Answer 1

Thymine, Cytosine - single ring with 2 N and 4 C

Question 2

Purines?

Answer 2

Adenine, Guanine - double ring with 4 N and 5 C

Question 3

Nucleotide?

Answer 3

Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5C sugar.

Question 4

Genome?

Answer 4

All of the genetic material in an organism’s cells. Majority o genome is divided among multiple chromosomes housed inside the cell’s nucleus.

Question 5

Chromosome?

Answer 5

Continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell. The unit of heredity in living organisms.

Question 6

Gene?

Answer 6

Sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.

Question 7

RNA?

Answer 7

Intermediary between DNA and polypeptide chain.  Disposable copy of a gene.  
Normally single stranded.  
Uracil instead of Thymine.  
Ribose instead of deoxyribose.  
Small molecule.

Question 8

Transcription

Answer 8

Biosynthesis of RNA occuring in the nucleus. A cell copies a gene’s DNA sequence to a comlementary RNA molecule.

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

The information in RNA is used to manufacture a protein by joining a specific sequence of amino acids into a polypeptide. Occurs in cytoplasm.

Question 10

Explain: Why is genetic code considered redundant but not ambiguous?

Answer 10

Some amino acids can be coded by more than one codon (redundancy), but the same codon cannot code for more than one amino acid (not ambiguous.)

Question 11

Start codon?

Answer 11

AUG (methionine)

Question 12

Stop codon?

Answer 12

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 13

Polysome?

Answer 13

Many ribosomes translating one mRNA simultaneously.

Question 14

Anticodon function?

Answer 14

Base pairs with mRNA, brings amino acid

Question 15

Codon function?

Answer 15

Provide genetic code

Question 16

What kind of bonds in DNA?

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds connect complementary bases, Covalent bonds hold the nucleotides on the complementary bonds together.

Question 17

How to identify the 3’ and 5’ ends?

Answer 17

3’ is the end with the hydroxal group, 5’ is the end with the phosphate group.

Question 18

What is significance of pyrimidines and purines?

Answer 18

Keeps the width of the rungs of the ladder equal. Always a pyrimidine and a purine.