7A Flashcards
Pyrimidines?
Thymine, Cytosine - single ring with 2 N and 4 C
Purines?
Adenine, Guanine - double ring with 4 N and 5 C
Nucleotide?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5C sugar.
Genome?
All of the genetic material in an organism’s cells. Majority o genome is divided among multiple chromosomes housed inside the cell’s nucleus.
Chromosome?
Continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell. The unit of heredity in living organisms.
Gene?
Sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.
RNA?
Intermediary between DNA and polypeptide chain. Disposable copy of a gene. Normally single stranded. Uracil instead of Thymine. Ribose instead of deoxyribose. Small molecule.
Transcription
Biosynthesis of RNA occuring in the nucleus. A cell copies a gene’s DNA sequence to a comlementary RNA molecule.
Translation
The information in RNA is used to manufacture a protein by joining a specific sequence of amino acids into a polypeptide. Occurs in cytoplasm.
Explain: Why is genetic code considered redundant but not ambiguous?
Some amino acids can be coded by more than one codon (redundancy), but the same codon cannot code for more than one amino acid (not ambiguous.)
Start codon?
AUG (methionine)
Stop codon?
UAA, UAG, UGA
Polysome?
Many ribosomes translating one mRNA simultaneously.
Anticodon function?
Base pairs with mRNA, brings amino acid
Codon function?
Provide genetic code
What kind of bonds in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds connect complementary bases, Covalent bonds hold the nucleotides on the complementary bonds together.
How to identify the 3’ and 5’ ends?
3’ is the end with the hydroxal group, 5’ is the end with the phosphate group.
What is significance of pyrimidines and purines?
Keeps the width of the rungs of the ladder equal. Always a pyrimidine and a purine.
