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Question 1

· Evolution

Answer 1

Descent with modification; change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 2

· Microevolution

Answer 2

Small scale evolution - realatively short term changes in the allele frequency from generation to generation.

Question 3

· Macroevolution

Answer 3

Large scale evolutionary change - the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations/long periods of time.

Question 4

· Speciation

Answer 4

Speciation is a lineage splitting event that produces two or more species.

Question 5

What are the mechanisms of evolution?

Answer 5

Mutation, migration, genetic drift, natural selection.

Question 6

Genetic drift

Answer 6

Change in allele frequencies that occurs purely by chance (stepped on beetles)

Question 7

Migration

Answer 7

A group of a species joins another group increasing the frequency of the alleles that it carries in the population.

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

Change in a DNA sequence - mutations are the raw material for evolution because genes contribute to phenotypes and natural selection acts on phenotypes.

Question 9

· Natural selection

Answer 9

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals of a population that vary in the details of their shared, inherited traits. (A process in nature in which organisms possessing certain characteristics that make them better ad

Question 10

3. What was Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s observations about evolution?

Answer 10

Hypothesized that evolution/adaptation to environment occurs, concluded that complex organisms descend from less complex organisms. Epigenetics -

Question 11

Epigenetics

Answer 11

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.

Question 12

3. What was Georges Cuvier’s observations about evolution?

Answer 12

Observed the abrupt changes in the fossil records and proposed that species had become extinct. Catastrophism causes extinction, surviving species repopulated the planet.

Question 13

4. State the Theory of Evolution by natural selection ( 2 Points)

Answer 13

All species present on Earth today are descendants of a single common ancestor, and all species represent the product of millions of years of accumulated micro evolutionary changes.

Question 14

Natural Selection/Genetic variation

Answer 14

Genetic variation is when individuals with a genetic advantage will survive and reproduce.

Question 15

Natural Selection/Overproduction of offspring

Answer 15

Overproduction of offspring is when individual species produce more than the environment can carry, and that is to ensure that a species survives.

Question 16

Natural Selection/Struggle for existence

Answer 16

Struggle for existence is when overproduction causes a species to struggle and compete for food, space, and mates.

Question 17

Natural Selection/Differential survival and reproduction

Answer 17

Differential survival and reproduction - only the ones who are fit to survive will produce.

Question 18

What are the four processes of Natural selection?

Answer 18

Genetic variation, overproduction of offspring, struggle for existence, differential survival and reproduction

Question 19

7. Charles Darwin is known as the “father of evolution”. He developed his theory after taking a trip on the ship called the ______________________.

Answer 19

Beagle

Question 20

9. What is the name of his book? _______________________________________

Answer 20

Origin of species by means of natural selection

Question 21

What are the evidences that support evolution? 6

Answer 21

Anatomical similarities between species, useless traits, shared developmental pathways, DNA similarities, distribution of organisms on earth, fossil evidence

Question 22

3 things that cause speciation

Answer 22

Geographic isolation, reduction of gene flow, reproductive isolation