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BIOL160 > 160-1 > Flashcards

160-1 Flashcards

1
Q

1) List the levels of Life’s organization and define each entity in the life’s organization. (12)

A

Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

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2
Q

Define Atom

A

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure element.

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3
Q

Define Molecule

A

A group of joined atoms

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4
Q

Define Organelle

A

A membrane-bound structure that has a specific function within a cell

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5
Q

Define Cell

A

Fundamental unit of life

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6
Q

Define Tissue

A

specialized cells functioning in a coordinated fashion

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7
Q

Define Organ

A

tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions

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8
Q

Define Organ System

A

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together

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9
Q

Define Organism

A

Single living individual

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10
Q

Define Population

A

Group of the same species of organism living in the same place at the same time

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11
Q

Define Community

A

All populations that occupy the same region

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12
Q

Define Ecosystem

A

The living and nonliving compoments of an area

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13
Q

Define Biosphere

A

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible

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14
Q

2) What is emergent property?

A

A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts

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15
Q

3) List the properties of life. 5

A 
energy use, 
evolution
Organization
maintenance of internal constancy, 
reproduction growth and development,
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16
Q

Life property - organization

A

Consists of parts organized in a heirarchical pattern

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17
Q

Life property - energy use

A

organisms aquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures, repair old ones and reproduce

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18
Q

Life property - maintenance of internal constancy

A

ability to sense and react to stimuli

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19
Q

Life property - reproduction, growth and development

A

make other individual similar to self

20
Q

Life property - evolution

A

adapt to environment

21
Q

4) Describe the flow of energy and cycling of materials through and ecosystem.

A

Producers make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources. Consumers obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms. Decomposers obtain energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms and recycle nutrients to the

22
Q

Define Energy

A

Ability to do work

23
Q

Define Nutrient

A

any substance that an organism uses for metabolism, growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues

24
Q

Define Producer

A

(autotroph) organism that produces organic molecules by aquiring carbon from inorganic sources

25
Q

Define Consumer

A

(heterotrogh) organism that obtains carbon and energy by eating another organism

26
Q

Define Receptors

A

Molecule or cellular structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation

27
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

the ability of an organism to maintain a stable environment despite changes in the external environment

28
Q

Define DNA

A

(deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material consisting of a double helix of nucleotides

29
Q

Define Traits

A

Genetically determined characteristic

30
Q

Define Inheritance

A

collective genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring

31
Q

Define Reproduction

A

Producing individuals similar to self, DNA is passed along

32
Q

Define Development

A

the process of growth and differentiation by which the potentialities of a zygote, spore, or embryo are realized

33
Q

6) List the 2 parts of the scientific name and define them.

A

Genus species - Genus groups species that share unique features, Species is distinct type of organism that share one or more heritable traits and can interbreed

34
Q

7) How are organisms categorized based on the presence of absence of a nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic

35
Q

8) List the 3 domains of life and define them.

A

Archaea/Bacteria/Eukarya Bacteria - lack nuclei, mostly unicellular Archaea - lack nuclei, mostly unicellular Eukarya - contain nuclei, uni or multicellular

36
Q

9) Name the 4 sub classes of the domain Eukarya?

A

Protista, Ainimalia, Fungi, Plantae

37
Q

10) List and define the steps involved in scientific method.

A
  1. Observation and questions 2. Hypothesis and Prediction 3. Data Collection (from experiment or discovery) 4. Analysis and peer review
38
Q

Define scientific theory

A

Long-standing hypothesis that is used to many useful predictions

39
Q

Define Experiment

A

Test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

40
Q

Define Independent Variable

A

What is manipulated. Hypothesized influence on a dependent variable

41
Q

Define Dependent Variable

A

What is measured. Response that may be under the influence of an independent variable

42
Q

Define Standardized variable

A

Anything that is held constant for all subjects in an experiment

43
Q

Define Experimental Group

A

a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study

44
Q

Define Control Group

A

group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment

45
Q

12) When does hypothesis become a scientific theory? 3

A

Hypothesis stands after years of tests, consistent with all data gathered, helped us make useful predictions about other phenomena

46
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA (transcription) RNA (translation) Protein

47
Q

What is RNA?

A

(ribonucleic acid) Nucleic acid typically consisting of a single strand of nucleotides. Intermediary between DNA and a polypeptide chain

BIOL160 (18 decks)

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