8.2 Flashcards
fluid intelligence
information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory
crystallized intelligence
the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem solving
selective optimization
the process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas
expertise
the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area
To understand the nature of memory changes, we must consider that memory is traditionally viewed as three sequential components:
sensory memory, short-term memory (also called working memory), and long-term memory
sensory memory
is an initial momentary storage of information
short term memory
where it is held for 15-20 seconds
long term memory
if information is rehearsed it is stored on the relatively permanent basis
schemas
organized bodies of info store in memory
mnemonics
formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it easier to remember
how to remember
get organized pay attention use the encoding specificity phenomenon visualize rehearse
