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development > 2.3 > Flashcards

2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

neonates

A

newborns

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2
Q

corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

266 days conception, triggers the release of various hormones and the process that leads to birth begins

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3
Q

oxytocin

A

-from mothers pituitary gland, when the concentration becomes high enough, the uterus begins periodic contractions

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4
Q

prenatal period

A

the uterus slowly expands as the fetus grows

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5
Q

braxton-hicks contractions

A

after fourth month it occasionally contracts to ready itself for labour

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6
Q

1st stage of labour

A

uterine contractions initially occur around every 8-10 min and last 30 sec

  • contractions begin to occur every 2 min and last 2 min
  • eventually reach greatest intensity in the transition period
  • the mothers cervix opens fully (10 cm)
  • this stage the longest, depends on mothers age, ethnicities, # of pregnancies
  • first child is 16-24 hours
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7
Q

second stage of labour

A
  • lasts 90 minutes
  • head proceeds further with each contraction, increasing the size of the vaginal opening
  • stage ends when child has left mothers body
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8
Q

episiotomy

A

an incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass

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9
Q

third stage of labour

A
  • the Childs umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the mother
  • fastest stage
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10
Q

apgar scale

A 
a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns
receive a score from 0-2 on each for an overall score of 10
most score 7
-appearance (colour)
-pulse (heart rate)
-grimace (reflex irritability)
-activity (muscle tone)
-respiration (respiratory effort)
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11
Q

anoxia

A

a restriction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, that can produce brain damage

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12
Q

vernix

A

thick, greasy substance (cottage cheese) that covers the newborn and smoothes the passage through the birth canal

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13
Q

lanugo

A

a fine dark fuzz covers the newborn’s body and will disappear later

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14
Q

bonding

A

the close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth, argued by some to affect later relationship strength

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15
Q

imprint

A

a critical period just after birth when organisms had a unique readiness to learn or imprint from members of their species who happened to be present
-critical period may be months, not hours

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16
Q

touch

A

newborns need touch soon after birth to stimulate the production of chemicals in the brain that initiate growth

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17
Q

skin to skin contact

A

promotes lactation in the mother,
promotes growth in premature infants,
improves sleep,
promotes social development in the first three months

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18
Q

obstetricians

A

physicians who specialize in delivering babies, have been the childbirth attendants of choice

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19
Q

midwife

A

nurses specializing in childbirth are used primarily for pregnancies with no expected complications

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20
Q

doula

A

provides emotional, psychological and educational support during birth. provide the mother with support and suggest consideration of birthing alternatives , older women serves as birthing assistants and guides
-speed deliveries and reduce reliance on drugs (must be certified)

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21
Q

epidural anaesthesia

A

produces numbness from the waist down

traditional form immobilize women and can prevent them from helping to push the baby

22
Q

walking epidural or dual spinal epidural

A

uses smaller needles and administers doses continuously. This permits women to move more freely and has fewer side effects.

23
Q

pain reduction drugs and fetus

A

reaches the fetus and the stronger the drug the greater its effects on the fetus and neonate.
-may temporarily depress the flow of oxygen to the fetus and slow labour and are less physiologically responsive, show poorer motor control during the first days after birth, cry more and may have more difficulty breastfeeding, because of the size difference, doses that might have a minimal effect on the mother can have a magnified effect on the fetus

24
Q

hospital stay

A

2 day average, newborns readmitted to hospital most often for jaundice or dehydration

25
Q

strategies for labour

A
  • be flexible
  • communicate with your health care providers
  • remember that labour is laborious
  • accept your partners support
  • accept your partners support
  • be realistic and honest about your reactions to pain
  • focus on the big picture
26
Q

preterm infants

A

infants who are born prior to 37 weeks gestations

-high risk for illness or death

27
Q

low birth weight infants

A

infants who weigh less than 2500 grams (average 3500)

28
Q

small for gestational age infants

A

infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weight 90 percent (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age

29
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

premature and low birth weights - they are highly vulnerable to infection because lungs not fully developed

30
Q

very low birth weight infants

A

infants who weigh less than 1250 grams around 2.25 pounds or who regardless of weight have been in the womb less than 30 weeks

31
Q

age of viability

A

the point at which an infant can survive prematurely to about 22 weeks

32
Q

postmature babies

A

infants still unborn two weeks after the mothers due date

33
Q

caesarean delivery

A

a birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than travelling through the birth canaL

34
Q

breech position

A

feet first in the birth canal

35
Q

transverse position births

A

the baby lies crosswise in the uterus

36
Q

placenta previa

A

the placenta has grown partially or completely over the cervical opening

37
Q

fetal monitors

A

a device that measures the baby’s heartbeat during labour

38
Q

stillbirth

A

the delivery of a child who is not alive, occurring in fewer than 1 in 100 deliveries

39
Q

infant mortality

A

death within the first year of life

40
Q

post partum depression

A

a period of deep depression following the birth of a child affects some 10 percent of new mothers, deep sadness may last months to years

41
Q

infanticide

A

mother wilfully killing her newborn while suffering mental disturbance related to childbirth and homicide

42
Q

reflexes

A

unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli

43
Q

sucking and swallowing reflex

A

ingest food

44
Q

rooting reflex

A

turning in the direction of a stimulus

45
Q

meconium

A

a greenish black substance that is a remnant of the neonates days as a fetus

46
Q

neonatal jaundice

A

most prevalent in preterm and low weight neonates and is typically not dangerous, treatment is fluorescent lights of medicine

47
Q

seeing

A

both sensory reaction to stimulation and an interpretations of that stimulation (sensation vs perception)

48
Q

classical conditioning

A

a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that would not normally cause that type of response , pavlov and watson

49
Q

operant conditioning

A

a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences

50
Q

habituation

A

the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus , new stimulus produce an orienting response

51
Q

orienting response

A

quiet and attentive and experience a slowed heart rate as they take in the novel stimulus

52
Q

states of arousal

A

different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitations

development (17 decks)

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