7.2

Question 1

postformal thought

Answer 1

thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms

Question 2

dialectical thinking,

Answer 2

an interest in and appreciation for argument, counterargument, and debate (Basseches, 1984). Dialectical thinking accepts that issues are not always clear-cut, and that answers to questions must sometimes be negotiated.

Question 3

dualistic thinking

Answer 3

Something was either right or wrong; people were either good or bad; others were either for them or against them.

Question 4

acquisitive stage 

Answer 4

according to Schaie, the first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood and adolescence, in which the main developmental task is to acquire information

Question 5

achieving stage 

Answer 5

the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions

Question 6

responsible stage 

Answer 6

the stage where the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers

Question 7

executive stage 

Answer 7

the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world

Question 8

reintegrative stage 

Answer 8

the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning

Question 9

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 9

suggests that intelligence is made up of three major components: componential/analytic, experiential/creative, and contextual/practical.

Question 10

componential

Answer 10

mental components used to solve problems (for example, selecting and using formulas, choosing problem-solving strategies, and, in general, making use of what has been learned in the past)

Question 11

experiential compenent

Answer 11

refers to the relationship between intelligence, prior experience, and the ability to cope with new situations.

Question 12

contextual

Answer 12

intelligence takes account of the demands of everyday, real-world environments. For instance, the contextual component is involved in adapting to on-the-job professional demands

Question 13

practical intelligence 

Answer 13

according to Sternberg, intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modelling their behaviour

Question 14

emotional intelligence 

Answer 14

the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions

Question 15

creativity 

Answer 15

combining responses or ideas in novel ways

Question 16

maturation reform.

Answer 16

In addition, as young adults age, they begin to feel the need to settle down with a family. This change in attitude can reduce their risk-taking behaviour and make them focus more on acquiring the ability to support their family

Question 17

first-year adjustment reaction 

Answer 17

a cluster of psychological symptoms, including loneliness, anxiety, withdrawal, and depression, suffered by first-year students

Question 18

stereotype threat 

Answer 18

obstacles to performance that come from awareness of the stereotypes held by society about academic abilities