7.3 Flashcards
social clock
the culturally determined psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison to our peers
intimacy-versus-isolation stage
according to Erikson, the period from postadolescence into the early thirties that focuses on developing close relationships with others
stimulus-value-role (SVR) theory
the theory that relationships proceed in a fixed order of three stages: stimulus, value, and role
stimulus stage,
relationships are built on surface, physical characteristics such as the way a person looks.
value stage
the relationship is characterized by increasing similarity of values and beliefs
role stage,
the relationship is built on specific roles played by the participants. For instance, the couple may define themselves as boyfriend–girlfriend or husband–wife.
passionate (or romantic) love
is a state of powerful absorption in someone. It includes intense physiological interest and arousal, and caring for another’s needs.
companionate love
the strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved
labelling theory of passionate love
the theory that individuals experience romantic love when two events occur together: intense physiological arousal and situational cues suggesting that the arousal is due to love
Psychologist Robert Sternberg suggests that love is made up of three components:
intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment.
intimacy component
the component of love that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness
passion component
the component of love that comprises the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance
decision/commitment component
the third aspect of love that embodies both the initial cognition that one loves another person and the longer-term determination to maintain that love
homogamy
the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics
marriage gradient
the tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller, and lower in status; and women to marry men who are slightly older, larger, and higher in status
career consolidation
a stage that is entered between the ages of 20 and 40 when young adults become centred on their careers
fantasy period
according to ginzberg, the period, lasting until about age 11, when career choices are made, and discarded, without regard to skills, abilities or available job opportunities
tentative period
the second stage of ginzbergs theory which spans adolescence when people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with those jobs
Realistic period
the third stage of ginzbergs theory, which occurs in early adulthood, when people begin to explore specific career options, either through actual experience on the job or through training fora profession and then narrow their choices and make a commitment
hollands personality type theory
Realistic. These are down-to-earth, practical problem-solvers, physically strong but with mediocre social skills. They make good farmers, labourers, and truck drivers.
Intellectual. Intellectual types are oriented toward the theoretical and abstract. Although not particularly good with people, they are well suited to careers in math and science.
Social. People with this personality type have strong verbal skills and are good with people. They make good salespeople, teachers, and counsellors.
Conventional. Conventional types prefer highly structured tasks. They make good clerks, secretaries, and bank tellers.
Enterprising. These are risk-takers and take-charge types. They are good leaders and can be particularly effective as managers or politicians.
Artistic. These individuals use art to express themselves and often prefer the world of art to interactions with people. They are best suited to occupations involving the arts.
communal professions
occupations that are associated with relationship
agentic professions
occupations that are associated with getting things accomplished
extrinsic motivation
motivation that drives people to obtain tangible rewards, such as money and prestige
intrinsic motivation
motivation that causes people to work for their own enjoyment and not for the rewards work might bring
status
the evaluation of a role or person by other relevant member of a group or society
cohabitation
couples living together without being married
Three factors permit couples to successfully weather the stress that follows the birth of a child:
working to build fondness and affection toward each other
remaining aware of events in each other’s lives, and responding to those events
considering problems as controllable and solvable
