7.3

Question 1

social clock

Answer 1

the culturally determined psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison to our peers

Question 2

intimacy-versus-isolation stage 

Answer 2

according to Erikson, the period from postadolescence into the early thirties that focuses on developing close relationships with others

Question 3

stimulus-value-role (SVR) theory 

Answer 3

the theory that relationships proceed in a fixed order of three stages: stimulus, value, and role

Question 4

stimulus stage,

Answer 4

relationships are built on surface, physical characteristics such as the way a person looks.

Question 5

value stage

Answer 5

the relationship is characterized by increasing similarity of values and beliefs

Question 6

role stage,

Answer 6

the relationship is built on specific roles played by the participants. For instance, the couple may define themselves as boyfriend–girlfriend or husband–wife.

Question 7

passionate (or romantic) love 

Answer 7

is a state of powerful absorption in someone. It includes intense physiological interest and arousal, and caring for another’s needs.

Question 8

companionate love 

Answer 8

the strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved

Question 9

labelling theory of passionate love 

Answer 9

the theory that individuals experience romantic love when two events occur together: intense physiological arousal and situational cues suggesting that the arousal is due to love

Question 10

Psychologist Robert Sternberg suggests that love is made up of three components:

Answer 10

intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment.

Question 11

intimacy component 

Answer 11

the component of love that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness

Question 12

passion component 

Answer 12

the component of love that comprises the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance

Question 13

decision/commitment component 

Answer 13

the third aspect of love that embodies both the initial cognition that one loves another person and the longer-term determination to maintain that love

Question 14

homogamy 

Answer 14

the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics

Question 15

marriage gradient 

Answer 15

the tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller, and lower in status; and women to marry men who are slightly older, larger, and higher in status

Question 16

career consolidation

Answer 16

a stage that is entered between the ages of 20 and 40 when young adults become centred on their careers

Question 17

fantasy period

Answer 17

according to ginzberg, the period, lasting until about age 11, when career choices are made, and discarded, without regard to skills, abilities or available job opportunities

Question 18

tentative period

Answer 18

the second stage of ginzbergs theory which spans adolescence when people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with those jobs

Question 19

Realistic period

Answer 19

the third stage of ginzbergs theory, which occurs in early adulthood, when people begin to explore specific career options, either through actual experience on the job or through training fora profession and then narrow their choices and make a commitment

Question 20

hollands personality type theory

Answer 20

Realistic. These are down-to-earth, practical problem-solvers, physically strong but with mediocre social skills. They make good farmers, labourers, and truck drivers.
Intellectual. Intellectual types are oriented toward the theoretical and abstract. Although not particularly good with people, they are well suited to careers in math and science.
Social. People with this personality type have strong verbal skills and are good with people. They make good salespeople, teachers, and counsellors.
Conventional. Conventional types prefer highly structured tasks. They make good clerks, secretaries, and bank tellers.
Enterprising. These are risk-takers and take-charge types. They are good leaders and can be particularly effective as managers or politicians.
Artistic. These individuals use art to express themselves and often prefer the world of art to interactions with people. They are best suited to occupations involving the arts.

Question 21

communal professions

Answer 21

occupations that are associated with relationship

Question 22

agentic professions

Answer 22

occupations that are associated with getting things accomplished

Question 23

extrinsic motivation

Answer 23

motivation that drives people to obtain tangible rewards, such as money and prestige

Question 24

intrinsic motivation

Answer 24

motivation that causes people to work for their own enjoyment and not for the rewards work might bring

Question 25

status

Answer 25

the evaluation of a role or person by other relevant member of a group or society

Question 26

cohabitation

Answer 26

couples living together without being married

Question 27

Three factors permit couples to successfully weather the stress that follows the birth of a child:

Answer 27

working to build fondness and affection toward each other
remaining aware of events in each other’s lives, and responding to those events
considering problems as controllable and solvable