8 - Weight Management Flashcards
in canada, what percentage of overweight people are obese?
64%
what percentage of children 5-17 are overweight or obese?
30&
what percentage of indigenous adults are overweight or obese?
67%
what is the medical definition of ideal weight?
the weight at which one’s health risk is the lowest
what are 7 ways to evaluate body weight and composition?
- height-weight charts
- hydrostatic weighing
- skinfold measurements
- circumference measurements
- electrical impedance
- scanning methods
- BMI
what percentage of female weight is essential?
12%
what percentage of male weight essential?
3%
what are 2 types of risky fat?
visceral or subcutaneous
how much does obesity reduce life expectancy by?
14 years
what are some examples of energy in?
- food, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
- alcohol
what are some examples of energy out?
- basal metabolism
- thermogenesis
- physical activity
what are 3 ways calories are burnt?
- basal metabolic rate
- thermic effect of food
- physical activity
what percentage of energy expenditure does physical activity account for?
25-35%
what percentage of energy expenditure does the thermic effect of food account for?
5-10%
what percentage of energy expenditure does the basal metabolic rate account for?
60-65%
is hunger physiological or not?
physiological
is appetite physiological or not?
not always
is satiety physiological or not?
physiological
what is hunger influenced by?
the 12+ internal signals
what is appetite influenced by?
sight, smell, thought of food
how long does it take for your brain to receive the message that your stomach is full?
around 20 mins
what are 3 causes of obesity?
- declining levels of physical activity
- promotion of overconsumption of calories
- lots of fast food outlets compared to grocery stores in some areas
def: eating too many calories increases fat storage
food consumption
def: high calorie, unhealthy foods are often cheap and accessible, large portion sizes
food production
def: hormonal imbalances, genetics, metabolic problems
physiology
def: level PA, ability to exercise
individual physical activty
def: does the environment promote PA
environmental physical activity
def: depression, anxiety, addiction
individual psychology
def: friends and family affecting eating patterns
social psychology
______ is more important than _________ for weight reduction
duration, intensity
what is the minimum number of calories you should be getting a day?
1,200 kcal/day
def: a serious disturbance in eating patterns or behaviors, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight/fat
eating disorders
what are some common features of eating disorders?
- dissatisfaction with body image
- distorted thinking towards body
- perfectionist beliefs
- unreasonable demands for self-control
- excessive self-criticism
among teens, what percent of females use unhealthy behaviours?
50%
among teens, what percent of males use unhealthy behaviours?
30%
def: individual does not eat enough to maintain adequate body weight
anorexia nervosa
what is anorexia associated with?
- distorted body image
- intense fear of weight gain
- feeling that food is the enemy
- purging/over-exercising
what are the risks associated with anorexia?
- amenorrhea
- intolerant to cold
- low BP
- CV, GI, endocrine and skeletal disorders
def: episodic binge eating followed by purging (vomiting or laxatives)
bulimia nervosa
what are the characteristics of bulimia?
- binging, thousands of calories, in secret
- feeling ashamed, disgusted, and fearful of weight gain, purging
what are health risks associated with bulimia?
- erosion of tooth enamel
- damage to esophagus, stomach
- dehydration
- disturbed salt balance
- kidney
- liver
- heart damage
- depression
what is an example of treatment for anorexia?
averting crisis by restoring body weight, addressing psychological aspects of disorder
what is an example of treatment for bulimia and binge eating?
- stabilizing eating patterns
- identifying and changing behaviours
- improving coping skills
