5 - Cancer Flashcards
what is another word for tumour?
neoplasms
malignant tumor cells can invade blood or _______ vessels and spread to distant sites where they produce secondary tumors; this is called cancer ______
lymphatic vessels, metastasis
what are 3 large causes of cancer?
- carcinogenic chemicals
- radiation
- pathogens
what is the most common cancer in females?
breast cancer
what is the most common cancer in males?
prostate cancer
what are most skin cancers called?
carcinomas
what is the most rare and deadly type form of skin cancer?
malignant melanoma
what are some risk factors for skin cancer?
- fair skin and light eyes
- tendency to develop freckles and burn in the sun
- history of childhood sunburn or intense sun exposure
- family history
- large number of moles
melanoma is ___x more likely in light-skinned individuals
20x
what are risk factors for breast cancer?
- age
- genetics
- age at onset of menstruation(menarche)
if caught early, how likely are patients to survive breast cancer?
> 80%
what is breast cancer screening called?
mammogram
what is the leading mortal cancer in Canada?
lung cancer
why is the survival rate for lung cancer so low?
- no effective screening
- symptoms don’t appear until later stages
- caught too late
- treatment is difficult
what is the survival rate for prostate cancer if detected early?
~95%
what are risk factors for prostate cancer?
- age
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- history of STI’s
- diets with excess animal fats
- low plant matter
common symptom of prostate cancer is?
changes in urinary frequency or flow
what are the 2 screening methods for prostate cancer?
- digital rectal exam
2. prostate-specific antigen test
how does colorectal cancer begin?
with polyps which may progress through several stages and become cancerous
def: non-cancerous growths in the intestine that can lead to colorectal cancer
polyps
what are risk factors for colorectal cancer?
- older age
- male sex
- inflammatory bowel disease
- family history
- obesity
- smoking
- alcohol abuse
- red meats
what are some symptoms of colorectal cancer?
- change in bowel movements
- pain/tenderness in abdomen
- blood in feces
what is the leading risk factor for cervical cancer?
HPV
high risk HPV causes _____ while low risk HPV causes _____
high risk = cancer
low risk = plantar warts and genital warts
