7 - Nutrition Flashcards
def: act or process of nourishing or being nourished
nutrition
def: breaks down food into nutrients that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood
digestion
once absorbed, nutrients are ______
metabolized
what are the 6 classes of essential nutrients?
- protein
- carbohydrates
- fats
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
how many essential amino acids is there?
9
def: protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids
complete proteins
what’s an example of an incomplete protein?
grains, beans, nuts
what is the daily recommended intake of protein?
0.8 g/kg of bodyweight
what are excess calories from fats stored as?
triglycerides
def: fats that are liquid at room temperature, may help reduce risk of CVD
unsaturated fats
def: fats that are solid at room temperature, associated with elevated heart disease risk
saturated fats
def: synthetic unsaturated fat, unhealthy, the type most strongly linked to CVD
trans fats
what is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells?
carbohydrates
the _____ can only use carbs as fuel, while other tissues can switch to fats if needed
brain
carbs are metabolized into?
simple sugars
what kind of carb is more likely to produce hyperglycemia?
simple carbs
animals, humans, store some carbs as _______ in the liver and in muscle
glycogen
can we digest fibre?
no
def: prevent harmful effects caused by oxidation in the body or exposure to certain environmental factors
antioxidants
def: compounds found in plants, may be associated with decreased risk of heart disease, cancers..etc
phytochemicals
def: scientifically based reference values for the amounts of energy, nutrients, and other food components that are necessary to reduce chronic disease risk, promote general health and minimize symptoms of defiency
daily reference intake
def: average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals
recommended dietary allowance
def: established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA and is set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy
adequate intake
def: maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects, not all dietary substances have this
tolerable upper level intake
