4 - Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Flashcards
what happens without ATP?
- death of cells = death of organs
- coronary arteries blocked = heart attack
def: major type of CVD, begins with small lesion in vessel, fats deposit in lesion, narrowed artery
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis in a major heart artery can cause….?
coronary heart disease
def: when artery walls become stiffer due to mineral deposits
arteriosclerosis
what is the medical term for a heart attack?
myocardial infarction
what typically causes blockages that cause heart attacks?
blood clots lodges in an atherosclerotic coronary artery
what are 6 symptoms of heart attack?
- chest discomfort
- discomfort in other areas of the upper body
- shortness of breath
- sweating
- nausea
- lightheadedness
what are the 2 types of stroke?
ischemic and hemorrhagic
what is the more common type of stroke?
ischemic
what happens during an ischemic stroke?
blockage disrupts blood flow to brain
can be thrombotic or embolic
what happens during a hemorrhagic stroke?
blood vessel burts
how to prevent CVD?
- don’t smoke
- keep blood pressure and cholesterol in check
- physical activity
- eat heart healthy
- keep a healthy weight
- stress management
cholesterol is carried in blood by ________
lipoproteins
what is the bad kind of cholesterol called?
low density lipoprotein (LDL)
what is the good kind of cholesterol called?
high density lipoprotein (HDL)
smokers die an average of _______ earlier than non-smokers
7 years
T or F: smoking doubles risk of heart disease, stroke
true
what are 5 consequences of high blood pressure?
- eye damage
- stroke
- heart attack
- kidney failure
- damage to artery walls
what are the two types of diabetes?
type I and type II
which diabetes is insulin dependent, hereditary, and when the body cannot make enough insulin?
type I
which diabetes is caused by lifestyle choices and when the body doesn’t respond to insulin?
type II
what are diabetes risk factors?
- obesity
- ethnicity
- physical activity
- family history
- previous case of gestational diabetes
def: enlarging an artery by using a balloon type instrument to push open the vessel and inserting a stent to hold it open
angioplasty
def: when angioplasty fails, surgically replacing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries with healthy segments of vessels from elsewhere in the body
coronary artery bypass
