4 - Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes

Question 1

what happens without ATP?

Answer 1

• death of cells = death of organs

- coronary arteries blocked = heart attack

Question 2

def: major type of CVD, begins with small lesion in vessel, fats deposit in lesion, narrowed artery

Answer 2

atherosclerosis

Question 3

atherosclerosis in a major heart artery can cause….?

Answer 3

coronary heart disease

Question 4

def: when artery walls become stiffer due to mineral deposits

Answer 4

arteriosclerosis

Question 5

what is the medical term for a heart attack?

Answer 5

myocardial infarction

Question 6

what typically causes blockages that cause heart attacks?

Answer 6

blood clots lodges in an atherosclerotic coronary artery

Question 7

what are 6 symptoms of heart attack?

Answer 7

1. chest discomfort
2. discomfort in other areas of the upper body
3. shortness of breath
4. sweating
5. nausea
6. lightheadedness

Question 8

what are the 2 types of stroke?

Answer 8

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 9

what is the more common type of stroke?

Answer 9

ischemic

Question 10

what happens during an ischemic stroke?

Answer 10

blockage disrupts blood flow to brain

can be thrombotic or embolic

Question 11

what happens during a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 11

blood vessel burts

Question 12

how to prevent CVD?

Answer 12

• don’t smoke
• keep blood pressure and cholesterol in check
• physical activity
• eat heart healthy
• keep a healthy weight
• stress management

Question 13

cholesterol is carried in blood by ________

Answer 13

lipoproteins

Question 14

what is the bad kind of cholesterol called?

Answer 14

low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 15

what is the good kind of cholesterol called?

Answer 15

high density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 16

smokers die an average of _______ earlier than non-smokers

Answer 16

7 years

Question 17

T or F: smoking doubles risk of heart disease, stroke

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what are 5 consequences of high blood pressure?

Answer 18

1. eye damage
2. stroke
3. heart attack
4. kidney failure
5. damage to artery walls

Question 19

what are the two types of diabetes?

Answer 19

type I and type II

Question 20

which diabetes is insulin dependent, hereditary, and when the body cannot make enough insulin?

Answer 20

type I

Question 21

which diabetes is caused by lifestyle choices and when the body doesn’t respond to insulin?

Answer 21

type II

Question 22

what are diabetes risk factors?

Answer 22

• obesity
• ethnicity
• physical activity
• family history
• previous case of gestational diabetes

Question 23

def: enlarging an artery by using a balloon type instrument to push open the vessel and inserting a stent to hold it open

Answer 23

angioplasty

Question 24

def: when angioplasty fails, surgically replacing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries with healthy segments of vessels from elsewhere in the body

Answer 24

coronary artery bypass