10 - Drugs & Alcohol Flashcards
def: any chemical other than food intended to affect the structure of function of the body
drug
def: a chemical that can alter a person’s consciousness or experience
psychoactive drug
def: the state of being mentally affected by a chemical, literally a state of being poisoned
intoxication
def: any habit that becomes out of control, resulting a negative effect on a person’s health
addictive behaviours
def: a chronic disease that disrupts the brain’s system of motivation, reward, and a memory, characterized by a compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behaviour, and by harm to the individual and/or society
addiction
what are the 5 characteristics of addiction?
- reinforcement
- compulsions
- loss of control
- escalation
- negative consequences
what are 5 routes of administration?
- inhalation
- subcutaneous injection
- intravenous injection
- oral dosage
- intramuscular injection
what route of administration gives the fastest high?
inhalation and injection
which kind of drugs are most likely to cause dependence? why?
- injecting or smoking
- they wear off quicker, they have a stronger stimulus response pairing
what are 3 ways drugs affect the brain?
- change the brain chemistry
- altered effects of neurotransmitters
- some increase the effects of dopamine in the brain’s reward and pleasure pathway
what are the 7 factors that influence drug effects?
- pharmacological properties
- dose-response
- time-action
- drug use history
- routes of administration
- physical factors
- psychological factors
what are some examples of stimulants?
- caffeine
- nicotine
- cocaine
- amphetamines
- ecstasy
caffeine is an example of a ______ drug
psychoactive
what are some effects of cocaine use? give 4
- CNS = severe psychological problems
- cardiovascular system = increases blood pressure
- respiratory system = freebasing causes lung damage
- reproductive system = men have issues maintaining erections or ejaculating
the chronic use of amphetamines can lead to….
- severe weight loss
- heart attack
- stroke
- paranoia
- psychosis
- violent behaviour
