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BPK 140 - Contemporary Health Issues > 3 - Infectious Disease & Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

3 - Infectious Disease & Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is infection by a bacteria, virus, fungi or protozoan followed by?

A

latent period

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2
Q

def: the time between infection and the development of symptoms/signs, can vary from few hours to many years

A

latent period

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3
Q

def:

  • are virtually everywhere
  • cause harm by releasing enzymes or toxins
  • infections can be local or systemic
  • killed by antibiotics
A

bacteria

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4
Q

def:

  • acellular pathogens that invade living cells
  • can’t survive without a host
  • either kill the host or alter its function
  • antiviral drugs typically reduce the severity or duration of infections
A

viruses

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5
Q

def:
- yeasts, mold, mushrooms
- absorb nutrients from host, causing damage
- release enzymes

A

fungi

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6
Q

def:
- single-celled organisms
- release enzymes or toxins that destroy cells

A

protozoan

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7
Q

def:

  • attack tissues or organs and compete with host for nutrients
  • some enter from burrowing through the skin while others via uncooked food
  • adult worms can be metres long
A

parasitic worms

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8
Q

what are 4 ways you can catch an infection?

A
  • people
  • food
  • water
  • animals & insects
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9
Q

what are the components of the first line of defense?

A
  • skin
  • cilia
  • mucus
  • elevated body temperature
  • cough, tears, saliva
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10
Q

what are the components of the second line of defense?

A
  • machrophages
  • T cells
  • B cells
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11
Q

what are the 3 types of specialized cells?

A
  1. macrophages
  2. T cells
  3. B cells
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12
Q

def: surround and digest foreign matter, aid immunity by engulfing antibody-bound pathogens

A

macrophages

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13
Q

def: fight parasites, fungi, cancer cells, infected cells. thousands of these work together to kill pathogens

A

T-cells

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14
Q

def: made by B cells, are proteins that stick to specific antigens on pathogens

A

antibodies

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15
Q

what is the name of the response done by antibodies?

A

humoral response

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16
Q

what do antibodies do to the pathogens?

A

coat pathogens and don’t let them infect new cells and make them easier to get eaten by macrophages

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17
Q

what are the 6 links in the chain of infection?

A
  1. pathogen
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. means of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. new host
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18
Q

def: small quantity of inactive pathogen injected to create memory cells

A

vaccination

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19
Q

what are memory cells made of?

A

B- and T- cells

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20
Q

what are the 2 main common cold viruses?

A
  • rhinovirus

- coronavirus

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21
Q

how is the common cold spread?

A

coughs, sneezes, direct, indirect contact

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22
Q

what is the best cure for the common cold?

A

your immune system

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23
Q

what is the flu virus called?

A

influenza

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24
Q

what do hepatitis A-G do?

A

cause inflammation of the liver

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25
Q

what are 4 symptoms of meningitis?

A
  • high fever
  • headaches
  • fatigue
  • aching joints
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • jaundice`
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26
Q

how is Hep A/E transmitted?

A

contaminated water

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27
Q

how is Hep B/C/D transmitted?

A

sexual contact

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28
Q

which Hep’s have vaccines in Canada?

A

A/B

29
Q

what are the two types of meningitis?

A

viral or bacterial

30
Q

what is meningitis?

A

infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and the spinal cord

31
Q

what are 4 symptoms of meningitis?

A
  • fever
  • drowsiness
  • confusion
  • severe headache
  • stiff neck
  • nausea
  • vomiting
32
Q

viral meningitis usually _________, bacterial requires ________

A

viral meningitis usually clears up on its own, bacterial requires antibiotics immediately

33
Q

what causes trichiomoniasis?

A

protozoan

34
Q

what are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A
  • itching
  • burning
  • discharge
35
Q

what causes candidiasis in females?

A
  • yeast infection

- fungi

36
Q

what are the symptoms for candidiasis in females?

A
  • itching
  • burning
  • discharge
37
Q

what causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

bacteria

38
Q

what are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • white-grey discharge

- strong odour

39
Q

what causes candidiasis in males?

A

fungi

40
Q

what are the symptoms for candidiasis in males?

A
  • redness
  • irritation
  • pain during urination or intercourse
  • discharge
41
Q

def: the swelling of one or two of the testicles

A

orchitis

42
Q

def: swelling or pain in the back of the testicle in the epididymis

A

epididymitis

43
Q

what causes urinary tract infections?

A

bacteria

44
Q

what are the symptoms of urinary tract infections?

A
  • burning sensation while peeing
  • chills
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • blood in urine
45
Q

T or F: infections of the urethra are easier to treat

A

true

46
Q

what are 4 ways to support your immune system?

A
  1. wash your hands
  2. don’t share food and drinks
  3. limit number of intimate/ sexual partners
  4. don’t smoke
47
Q

how can you prevent antibiotic resistance?

A
  • let your immune system do its job
  • don’t use leftover antibiotics
  • don’t share antibiotics
  • avoid antibiotic soap or cleansers
48
Q

what is the most common bacterial STI in Canada?

A

chlamydia

49
Q

what can chlamydia eventually lead to?

A
  • pelvic inflammatory disease
  • disrupted menstruation
  • pelvic pain
  • nausea/vomiting
  • vaginal discharge
  • burning during urination
50
Q

what are the male gonorrhea symptoms?

A
  • cloudy penile discharge

- burning while urinating

51
Q

what are the female gonorrhea symptoms?

A
  • green/yellowish discharge

- PID

52
Q

what are the 3 stages of syphilis?

A
  1. days - sore, ulcer(chancre) at site of infection, usually painless at site of infection
  2. months - rash over the body, hands and feet
  3. years to decades - bacteria invade the nervous system; neurological effects, mental disturbance, heart failure, blindness, death
53
Q

how is chlamydia treated?

A

antibiotics, usually one dose

54
Q

if left untreated, chlamydia can affect pregnancy how?

A
  • ectopic pregnancy

- sterility in females and males

55
Q

T or F: chlamydia cannot be passed from mother to infant

A

false

56
Q

how can you prevent chlamydia?

A

condom use

57
Q

what age range sees the highest rate of chlamydia infection?

A

15-29

58
Q

what can gonorrhea cause in males?

A
  • inflammation in the urethra, prostate, epididymis
59
Q

what is the most common viral STI in North America?

A

human papilloma virus

60
Q

what are the two types of Herpes Simplex virus?

A 
HSV1 = mouth
HSV2 = genitals
61
Q

what does HIV do?

A

attacks the immune cells, T-Cells

62
Q

what does HPV cause?

A
  • genital warts
  • common warts
  • genital cancers
63
Q

what can cause HSV outbreaks?

A
  • stress
  • illness
  • fatigue
  • sun exposure
  • intercourse
  • menstruation
64
Q

is there a cure for herpes?

A

no

65
Q

how is HIV spead?

A
  • unprotected sex
  • frequent and various sexual partners
  • injection-drug users with contaminated needles
  • infected mother to fetus
66
Q

why does the immune systems response not kill HIV?

A
  • HIV hides in immune cells and kills them
  • replicates too fast for immune system
  • mutates and avoids elimination
67
Q

how does HIV testing work?

A

you get tested for antibodies

68
Q

what is the main treatment for HIV?

A
  • highly active antiretroviral therapy

- combo of 3 different drugs that target the life cycle

BPK 140 - Contemporary Health Issues (13 decks)

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