8 Quality Flashcards
Project Quality Management Includes:
processes for incorporating the organizations quality policy
Supports continuous process improvement activities
Project Quality Management Processes:
Plan Quality Management
Monitor Quality
Control Quality
Plan Quality Management
Identifying quality requirement and/standards for the project and deliverables.
Documenting how the project demonstrates compliance
Manage Quality
Translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities
Control Quality
monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality management activities to ensure the project outputs are correct and meet customer expecations
Project Quality Management - Key Concepts
Quality measures and techniques are specific to the type of deliverables produced.
Prevention better than inspection Attribute sampling Tolerances COQ Failure costs 5 levels of quality management
Quality vs. Grade
Quality = the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.
Grade = same functional use but different technical characteristics
Project Manager and project team are responsible for managing the trade-offs.
Control Quality outputs:
Prevention and inspection (keeping errors out of the process and hands of the customer) Attribute sampling (the result conforms or does not conform) , Variable sampling (measured on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity) tolerances (range of acceptable results), control limits (boundary of common variation)
Cost of Quality (COQ)
all costs incurred over the life of the product, including failure costs (aka cost of poor quality)
5 levels of quality management
- Most expensive: let customer find the defects
- Detect and control defects before sending to customer
- Use quality assurance to examine and correct the process
- Incorporate quality into the planning and designing of the project and product
- Create a culture in the organization that is aware and committed to quality
Trends and Emerging Practices
Customer (stakeholder) satisfaction
Continual Improvement
Management responsibility
Mutually beneficial partnership with supplies
Plan Quality Managements: Inputs
Project Charter Project Management Plan - requirements plan - risk plan - stakeholder engagement - scope baseline Project documents - assumption log - requirements documentation - requirements traceability matrixrisk register - stakeholder register EEF/OPA
Plan Quality Management: T/T
EJ Data gathering - benchmarking - brainstorming - interviews Data analysis - cost-benefit analysis - cost of quality Decision making - multicriteria decision analysis Data representation - flowcharts - logical data model - matrix diagrams - mind mapping Test and inspection planning Meetings
Plan Quality Management: Outputs
Quality management plan Quality metrics Project management plan updates - risk management plan - scope baseline Project document updates - Lessons learned register - requirements traceability matrix - risk register - stakeholder register
Cost of conformance
Prevention Costs (build a quality product) - training - document process - equipment - time to do it right Appraisal Costs (assess the quality) - Testing - Destructive testing loss - Inspections
Money spent during the project to avoid failures
Cost of nonconformance
Internal Failure Costs (failures found by the project)
- Rework
- Scrap
External Failure Costs (failures found by the customer)
- liabilities
- warranty work
- lost business
Money spent during and after the project because of failures
Value Chain (SIPOC)
Suppliers Inputs Process Outputs Customers
Manage Quality: Inputs
Project management plan - quality management plan Project documents - LL - Quality control measurements - Quality metrics - Risk report OPA
Manage Quality: T/T
Data Gathering - Checklists Data analysis - alternatives analysis - document analysis - process analysis - root cause analysis ( RCA) Decision making - multicriteria decision analysis Data representation - affinity diagram - cause-and-effect diagrams - flowcharts - histograms - matrix diagrams - scatter diagrams Audits Design for X Problem Solving Quality Improvement Methods
Manage Quality: Outputs
Quality reports Test and evaluation documents Change requests Project management plan updates - quality management plan - scope baseline - schedule baseline - cost baseline Project documents updates - issue log - LL register - risk register
Control Quality: overview
monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities in order to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are correct and meet expectations
Control Quality: Inputs
Project Management Plan -Quality management Project Documents - LL register - Quality metrics - test and evaluation documents Approved change requests Deliverables Work Performance Data EEF/OPA
Control Quality: T/T
Data Gathering - checklists - check sheets - statistical sampling - questionnaires and surveys Data Analysis - performance reviews - root cause analysis (RCA) Inspection Testing/Product Evaluations Data representation - Cause and effect diagrams - control charts - histograms - scatter diagrams Meetings - approved change requests review - retrospective/lesson learned
Control Quality: outputs
Quality control measurements Verified Deliverables Work Performance information Change Requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates - Issue log LL - risk register - test and evaluation documents
Problem Solving Steps
DAIPIR Define the problem Analyze the problem Identify Solutions Pick a solution Implement a solution Review and check the solution
Control Charts
Established in Manage Quality, used in Control Quality
determine: mean, specification limits, and control limits
normal and acceptable limits, out side of the limits = out of control
Pareto
80/20 rule
Quality Management Overview
Consider:stakeholder, cost, industry (standards), continuous improvement
QA is build into the activity list/schedule
Continual improvement techniques
PDCA - plan do check act
TQM - total quality management
six sigma->project and product
Quality in Agile environments
Do quality review more often throughout
Frequent retrospectives->validate quality
Root cause analysis -> change QA approach
Small batches: QA issues, discrepancies
CI faster than traditional project
Plan quality management overview
Identify quality and project and deliverables
Compliance with quality requirements
Guidance and directions on how quality is managed
Manage Quality Overview
Implement Q based on policies practices of org.
Goal: improve change of achieving Q
- Find inefficient processes
- Find causes of poor Q
Done many times
Might impact ICC (if issues found)
