8: Oral Cavity And Pharynges

Question 1

Gingivae histo

Answer 1

Dense CT + non-keratinized stratified squamous ep

Question 2

Lips: histo

Answer 2

Covered with keratinized stratified squamous ep

Question 3

Tongue histo

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle covered by lightly keratinized stratified squamous ep

Question 4

Lingual frenulum

Answer 4

Attaches inferior tongue to floor of oral cavity

Question 5

Lingual frenulum: histo

Answer 5

A mucous membrane

Question 6

Where are lingual tonsils?

Answer 6

On posterior surface of dorsum of tongue

Question 7

Tonsils

Answer 7

Aggregates of partially encapsulated lymph tissue

Question 8

Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring

Answer 8

Palatine + lingual + pharyngeal tonsils

Question 9

Where do Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring tonsils drain to?

Answer 9

Deep cervical LNs

Question 10

Vestibule

Answer 10

Space between cheek and gums

Question 11

Hard palate histo vs soft palate

Answer 11

Hard palate: bony shelf covered by dense CT + non-keratinized stratified squamous ep
Soft palate: skeletal muscle covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous ep

Question 12

Function of hard palate

Answer 12

Separates oral and nasal cavities

Question 13

Function of soft palate

Answer 13

Closes off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 14

Uvula function

Answer 14

Assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 15

Fauces

Answer 15

Opening between oral cavity and oropharynx, bound by paired muscular folds

Question 16

Two muscular folds that form the fauces

Answer 16

Glossopalatine arch (anterior) + pharyngopalatine arch (posterior)

Question 17

Where are palatine tonsils?

Answer 17

Between the glossopalatine + pharyngopalatine arches

Question 18

Largest salivary glands

Answer 18

Parotid glands

Question 19

When are submandibular glands especially easy to palpate?

Answer 19

When mylohyoid is tense

Question 20

How much saliva do humans produce in a day?

Answer 20

1 -1.5 L

Question 21

What portion of saliva is water?

Answer 21

99%

Question 22

Two anti-bacterial elements in saliva

Answer 22

Abs, lysozyme

Question 23

Facial nerve path to parotid gland

Answer 23

Exits stylomastoid foramen -> innervates stylohyoid + posterior digastric -> enters parotid gland

Question 24

Gomphosis joint of teeth: three parts

Answer 24

1. Roots
2. Dental alveoli
3. Periodontal ligaments that bind roots to alveolar processes

Question 25

How many teeth do infants have, and what are they called?

Answer 25

20 deciduous teeth (milk teeth)

Question 26

Time period when infants gain their deciduous teeth

Answer 26

Between 6 months and 30 months after birth

Question 27

How many permanent teeth do humans have?

Answer 27

32

Question 28

Three pharynges

Answer 28

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 29

Innervation to tensor veli palatini

Answer 29

CN V3

Question 30

Tensor veli palatini action

Answer 30

Tenses soft palate, acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear

Question 31

Levator veli palatini N

Answer 31

CN X, pharyngeal plexus

Question 32

Levator veli palatini action

Answer 32

Elevates tensed palate, acts on pharygnotympanic tube

Question 33

What happens with paralysis of tensor veli palatini and/or levator veli palatini

Answer 33

Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity, pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

Question 34

Three parts to the pharyngeal plexus and what they provide

Answer 34

CN IX: sensory to oropharynx
CN X: sensory to laryngopharynx
CN V2: innervates nasopharynx + torus tubarius

Question 35

Stage 1 of swallowing

Answer 35

Voluntary: bolus compressed against palate -> pushed into oropharynx by tongue and soft palate

Question 36

Stage 2 of swallowing

Answer 36

Involuntary and rapid: soft palate is elevated, sealing off nasopharynx from oropharynx -> pharynx wides to receive bolus as suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating the larynx

Question 37

Stage 3 of swallowing

Answer 37

Involuntary sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictors, forcing bolus inferiorly into esophagus