8: Oral Cavity And Pharynges Flashcards
Gingivae histo
Dense CT + non-keratinized stratified squamous ep
Lips: histo
Covered with keratinized stratified squamous ep
Tongue histo
Skeletal muscle covered by lightly keratinized stratified squamous ep
Lingual frenulum
Attaches inferior tongue to floor of oral cavity
Lingual frenulum: histo
A mucous membrane
Where are lingual tonsils?
On posterior surface of dorsum of tongue
Tonsils
Aggregates of partially encapsulated lymph tissue
Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring
Palatine + lingual + pharyngeal tonsils
Where do Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring tonsils drain to?
Deep cervical LNs
Vestibule
Space between cheek and gums
Hard palate histo vs soft palate
Hard palate: bony shelf covered by dense CT + non-keratinized stratified squamous ep
Soft palate: skeletal muscle covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous ep
Function of hard palate
Separates oral and nasal cavities
Function of soft palate
Closes off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing
Uvula function
Assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing
Fauces
Opening between oral cavity and oropharynx, bound by paired muscular folds
Two muscular folds that form the fauces
Glossopalatine arch (anterior) + pharyngopalatine arch (posterior)
Where are palatine tonsils?
Between the glossopalatine + pharyngopalatine arches
Largest salivary glands
Parotid glands
When are submandibular glands especially easy to palpate?
When mylohyoid is tense
How much saliva do humans produce in a day?
1 -1.5 L
What portion of saliva is water?
99%
Two anti-bacterial elements in saliva
Abs, lysozyme
Facial nerve path to parotid gland
Exits stylomastoid foramen -> innervates stylohyoid + posterior digastric -> enters parotid gland
Gomphosis joint of teeth: three parts
- Roots
- Dental alveoli
- Periodontal ligaments that bind roots to alveolar processes
How many teeth do infants have, and what are they called?
20 deciduous teeth (milk teeth)
Time period when infants gain their deciduous teeth
Between 6 months and 30 months after birth
How many permanent teeth do humans have?
32
Three pharynges
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Innervation to tensor veli palatini
CN V3
Tensor veli palatini action
Tenses soft palate, acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear
Levator veli palatini N
CN X, pharyngeal plexus
Levator veli palatini action
Elevates tensed palate, acts on pharygnotympanic tube
What happens with paralysis of tensor veli palatini and/or levator veli palatini
Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity, pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction
Three parts to the pharyngeal plexus and what they provide
CN IX: sensory to oropharynx
CN X: sensory to laryngopharynx
CN V2: innervates nasopharynx + torus tubarius
Stage 1 of swallowing
Voluntary: bolus compressed against palate -> pushed into oropharynx by tongue and soft palate
Stage 2 of swallowing
Involuntary and rapid: soft palate is elevated, sealing off nasopharynx from oropharynx -> pharynx wides to receive bolus as suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating the larynx
Stage 3 of swallowing
Involuntary sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictors, forcing bolus inferiorly into esophagus
