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NE Exam 1 > 11: Orbit, Eye, And Eye Movement > Flashcards

11: Orbit, Eye, And Eye Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebral portion vs lacrimal portion of orbicularis oculi: function

A

Palpebral portion: gentle closing of eyelid

Lacrimal portion: tight closing of eyelid, dilates lacrimal sac

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2
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris O and I

A

O: lesser wing of sphenoid
I: tarsus / palpebral fascia and skin of upper lid

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3
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris N

A

CN 3

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4
Q

Tarsal muscle of muller O and I

A

O: lesser wing of sphenoid
I: tarsal plate of upper lid

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5
Q

Tarsal muscles innervation

A

Symp fibers from T1 (smooth muscles btw)

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6
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Paralysis of tarsal muscle, causing slight ptosis (also miosis, enophthalmos, anhydrosis, and bruising of skin on face

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7
Q

Location of lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal fossa of orbit, with some protruding into the upper lid, otherwise on top of LR and LPS muscles

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8
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

6-10 small ducts that drain into superior fornix

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9
Q

Path of tears draining from surface of eye

A
  1. Lacrimal canaliculi
  2. Common sinus
  3. Lacrimal sac
  4. Nasolacrimal duct
  5. Inferior meatus of nasal cavity
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10
Q

Lacrimal punctilious

A

Openings of the lacrimal canaliculi

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11
Q

MOI for blow-out fracture

A

Trauma to front of eyeball, depressed fracture of zygomatic which is displaced medially

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12
Q

What structures can be herniated in a blow out fracture, and where would they herniate into?

A

Periorbita, IO, IR, orbital fat pad -> into maxillary sinus

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13
Q

Which three nerves are used by both symp and parasymp nerves to innervate the lacrimal gland?

A

Maxillary N, lacrimal N, zygomatic N

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14
Q

Which type of nerve synapses in the sphenopalatine ganglion on the way to innervate the lacrimal gland, symp or parasymp?

A

Parasymp synapse there

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15
Q

Origin of all extraocular muscles besides inferior oblique

A

Annulus tendinius

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16
Q

Three major nerves to the orbit (all from V1)

A

Lacrimal N, frontal N, nasociliary N

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17
Q

Two branches of the lacrimal N

A

Zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal N

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18
Q

Two branches of the frontal N

A

Supraorbital N, supratrochlear N

19
Q

Three branches of the nasociliary N

A

Long ciliary N’s, posterior ethmoidal N, infratrochlear N

20
Q

Main sensory N to the eyeball

A

Long ciliary N’s

21
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion?

A

Lateral to the optic nerve in the orbit

22
Q

Three components of the triad of accommodation

A
  1. Convergence of gaze
  2. Pupillary constriction
  3. Thickening of lens
23
Q

What muscles help with convergence of gaze

A

Medial recti

24
Q

How does the lens thicken for near vision?

A

Ciliary zonule fibers relax, due to ciliary muscle contraction

25
Q

Chief artery to the orbit

A

Ophthalmic A

26
Q

Two terminal branches of the ophthalmic A

A

Supratrochlear A, dorsal nasal A

27
Q

Two major branches of the ophthalmic A that supply the optic N

A

Posterior ciliary A, central retinal A

28
Q

Chief blood supply to the retina

A

Central retinal A

29
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Circularly arranged smooth muscles around the lens

30
Q

Where do nerves to the ciliary muscles come from?

A

Ciliary ganglion

31
Q

Sphincter pupillae vs dilator pupillae muscles

A

Sphincter pupillae: circularly arranged for constricting pupil
Dilator pupillae: radially arranged for dilating pupil

32
Q

Innervation to sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae muscles

A

Sphincter pupillae: parasymp from ciliary ganglion

Dilator pupillae: symp from ciliary ganglion

33
Q

Papilledema

A

Edema of the optic disc, causing extension of the subarachnoid space around the optic N

34
Q

What causes papilledema

A

Increased intracranial pressure (is a medical emergency)

35
Q

Hymphema

A

Presence of blood in anterior chamber

36
Q

What causes hyphema

A

Trauma/rupture of greater arterial circle of the iris (medical emergency)

37
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Bleeding in subconjunctival tissue

38
Q

What causes subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Rupture of deep pericorneal plexus

39
Q

What causes conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of superficial pericorneal plexus

40
Q

Argyll-Roberson pupil

A

Pupils in reactive to light, but constrict during accommodation

41
Q

What causes Argyll-Roberson pupil

A

Syphilis -> destruction of pretectum

42
Q

Traumatic optic neuropathy

A

Ischemia of the intracanalicular portion of CN3

43
Q

Hydrocephaly can cause..?

A

Compression of CN 6 in cavernous sinus

NE Exam 1 (16 decks)

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