2: Skull Anatomy Flashcards
8 cranial bones
- Parietal x2
- Temporal x2
- Frontal
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
14 facial bones
- Zygomaticus x2
- Lacrimal x2
- Nasal x2
- Palatine x2
- Maxillae x2
- Inferior nasal conchae x2
- Vomer
- Mandible
Metopic suture
Suture down midline of frontal bone, present if the two frontal bones don’t completely fuse
Frontal crest of frontal bone + what attaches to it
Separates two sides of neocortex; attachment for falx cerebri
Petrous portion of temporal bone: function
Protects inner ear
What bone is the foramen magnum in?
Occipital bone
What movement is allowed by the occipital condyles?
Nodding the head yes
Three grooves in the internal portion of the occipital bone
Groove for: superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus
Superior vs posterior aspect of sphenoid: what they look like
Superior: Batman
Posterior: butterfly
What sits in the sella turcica?
Pituitary gland
What exits from the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary branch of Trigeminal (V2)
What exits through foramen ovale?
CN V3
What exits through the foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal A
Articulations of the sphenoid bone
With almost every other bone in the skull
What attaches to the crista galli of the ethmoid?
Falx cerebri
What makes up the superior portion of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
What forms the superior and middle nasal conchae?
Ethmoidal labyrinth
Cribiform plate
Part of ethmoid bone where olfactory N descends along its lateral borders
How to gain surgical access to cranial cavity
Bone flaps
When creating bone flaps, how does the skull best heal?
When bones are wired/plated, and have incorporated overlying tissues (skin, muscle, fascia)
Four major sutures
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous
Coronal suture
Frontal + parietal bones
Sagittal suture
Both parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
Parietal + occipital bone
Squamous suture
Temporal + parietal bones
Anterior, middle, and posterior fossae: what they hold
Anterior: frontal lobe
Middle: temporal lobe
Posterior: cerebellum
Zygomatic arch components
- Zygomatic process of temporal bone
2. Temporal process of zygomatic bone
Where in the orbit are the zygomatic and lacrimal bones
Zygomatic: lateral orbit
Lacrimal: medial orbit
Lacrimal groove
Passage for nasolacrimal duct
What do the nasal bones form?
Bridge of nose
What does the vertical plate of the vomer found
Inferior portion of nasal septum
What do the alae of the vomer articulate with?
Sphenoid
Orbital process of palatine bone
Forms part of medial floor of orbit
What does the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone form
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
What does the horizontal plate of the palatine bone form?
Posterior hard palate
Incisive foramen of maxilla
Separates hard palate + anterior nasal spine
Alveolar process of maxilla
Holds teeth of upper jaw
What is the largest paranasal sinus in the skull
Maxillary sinus
Three types of Maxillary fractures
Le Fort I: inferior maxilla (upper lip)
Le Fort II: palatine, lacrimal, nasal bones, all of maxilla
Le Fort III: Le fort II + zygomatic bone
What inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible?
Temporalis
TMJ parts
Mandible + mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Seven bones that make up the orbit
- Palatine
- Lacrimal
- Maxillary
- Zygomatic
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Frontal bone
Four paranasal sinuses
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Maxillary
Four fetal skull fontanelles
- Anterior
- Sphenoid
- Mastoid
- Posterior
