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NE Exam 1 > 1: Cranial Nerves And Cranial Autonomics > Flashcards

1: Cranial Nerves And Cranial Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

CN exiting cribiform plate

A

CN I

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2
Q

CN exiting optic canal

A

CN II

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3
Q

CNs exiting superior orbital fissure

A

3, 4, V1, 6

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4
Q

CN exiting foramen rotundum

A

V2

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5
Q

CN exiting foramen ovale

A

V3

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6
Q

CNs exiting internal acoustic meatus

A

7, 8

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7
Q

CNs exiting jugular foramen

A

9, 10, 11

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8
Q

CN exiting hypoglossal canal

A

12

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9
Q

Other names for first and second pharyngeal arches

A

First: mandibular arch
Second: hyoid arch

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10
Q

CNs associated with pharyngeal arches 1-6

A

1: CN 5
2: CN 7
3: CN 9
4&6: CN 10

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11
Q

All sympathetic fibers in the head

A

Are post-ganglionic from the superior cervical ganglion (of the sympathetic trunk)

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12
Q

How do all sympathetic fibers travel in the head?

A

Travel on vessels to the structures they innervate

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13
Q

An important named sympathetic N

A

Deep petrosal N

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14
Q

Which four CNs carry parasympathetic fibers?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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15
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers of Parasymps in the head

A

Arise in nuclei of brain stem -> synapse in 4 ganglia in the head

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16
Q

Four ganglia for parasymp fibers to synapse in the head

A
  1. Ciliary ganglia
  2. Pterygopalatine ganglia
  3. Otic ganglia
  4. Submandibular ganglia
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17
Q

How do post-ganglionic fibers of Parasymps travel to their structures?

A

Piggy-back on a branch of the Trigeminal

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18
Q

Nerve damage of CN 1

A

Anosmia

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19
Q

Only type of nervous tissue that can regenerate

A

Olfactory N (CN 1)

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20
Q

CN 2 path

A

Optic foramen -> enters cranium -> L and R optic N’s unite at optic chiasm -> optic tracts travel to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus -> occipital lobe

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21
Q

Nerve damage to CN 2

A

Anopsia (visual defects)

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22
Q

Which nerve is technically a “brain tract” as its really an outgrowth of the brain

A

CN 2 (Optic N)

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23
Q

4/6 extrinsic eye muscle supplied by the oculomotor N

A
  1. Superior rectus
  2. Medial rectus
  3. Inferior rectus
  4. Inferior oblique
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24
Q

Function of GVE portion of CN III

A

Pupil constriction + lens becomes spherical for near vision

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25
Q

Where are the edinger westphal nucleus and the trochlear nucleus?

A

Mesencephalon

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26
Q

Path of parasymp fibers of CN III

A

Travel to ciliary ganglion -> post-ganglionics to iris and ciliary M

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27
Q

Nerve damage of CN 3

A

Ptosis, paralysis of eye muscles -> strabismus, diplopia, trouble focusing

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28
Q

Nerve damage to CN 4

A

Superior oblique paralysis -> strabismus, diplopia

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29
Q

How does trochlear N get its name?

A

Means pulley bc it innervates the 1 extrinsic eye muscle that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament

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30
Q

GSA portion of the trigeminal N supplies what?

A

Face and scalp, conjunctiva, bulb of eye, mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses, nasal and oral cavities, external TM, meninges of anterior and middle cranial fossae

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31
Q

Origin of CN 5

A

Pons

32
Q

Nerve damage of CN 5

A

Trigeminal neuralgia / tic douloureux

33
Q

Tic douloureux symptoms

A

Intense, pulsating pain lasting minutes to several hours

34
Q

V1 sensory from?

A

Cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp

35
Q

Path for the three divisions of CN 5

A

V1: superior orbital fissure -> trigeminal ganglion -> pons
V2: foramen rotundum -> trigeminal ganglion -> pons
V3 branchial motor branches: pons -> foramen ovale -> muscles
V3 sensory branches: foramen ovale -> trigeminal ganglion -> pons

36
Q

V2 sensory impulses from where?

A

Nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek

37
Q

V3 sensory impulses from where?

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue, cheek sin, lower jaw, over teeth, 1/3 from sensory fibers of auricle of ear

38
Q

Nerve damage to CN 6

A

Paralysis of lateral rectus -> limits lateral eye movement, diplopia

39
Q

Five major branches of the Facial N

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
40
Q

What does the SVE portion of CN 7 supply?

A

Stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, muscles of fascial expression (buccinator, platysma, occipitalis)

41
Q

Sensory fiber path of CN 7

A

Tongue via chorda tympani branch -> tiny foramen -> geniculate ganglion of facial N

42
Q

Somatic motor fiber path of CN 7

A

Pons -> internal auditory canal -> temporal bone -> stylomastoid foramen

43
Q

Parasymp motor fiber path of CN 7

A

Pons -> internal auditory canal -> leaves with great petrosal N or chorda tympani N -> autonomic ganglion -> respective glands

44
Q

Nerve damage to CN 7

A

Decreased tears and salivation, loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, facial nerve palsy

45
Q

Facial nerve palsy symptoms

A

Paralyzed facial muscles, eyelid droop, sagging at corner of mouth

46
Q

Path of CN 8

A

Vestibular + cochlear branches merge -> enter cranial cavity via internal auditory canal -> pons + medulla junction

47
Q

Lesions in vestibular branch of CN 8

A

Loss of balance, N/V, dizziness

48
Q

Lesion in cochlear branch of CN 8

A

Deafness

49
Q

Other name for CN 8 (formerly)

A

Auditory N, acoustic N

50
Q

Sensory fiber origin for CN 9

A

Taste buds, mucosa of posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid bodies

51
Q

Motor fiber origin of CN 9

A

Nuclei of medulla oblongata

52
Q

Sensory fiber pathway of CN 9

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue and carotid bodies -> inferior or superior ganglion -> jugular foramen -> pons

53
Q

Somatic motor fiber path of CN 9

A

Jugular foramen -> stylopharyngeus

54
Q

Parasymp motor fibers of CN 9 path

A

Otic ganglion -> parotid gland

55
Q

Nerve damage to CN 9

A

Reduced salivary secretion, loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

56
Q

Origin of CN X

A

Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata

57
Q

Path of CN 10

A

Jugular foramen -> branches extensively in neck, thorax and abdomen -> sensory neuron cell bodies in superior and inferior ganglia

58
Q

Nerve damage to CN 10

A

Paralysis -> variety of larynx problems like hoarseness, monotone, complete loss of voice, difficulty swallowing, GI impaired mobility

59
Q

Spinal and cranial roots of CN 11: path

A

Superior to enter skull through foramen magnum -> >merges with cranial root -> leaves skull via jugular foramen

  1. Cranial root: travels with CN 10
  2. Spinal root: travels to SCM and trapezius
60
Q

Nerve damage to CN 11

A

Paralysis of traps and SCM -> difficulty elevating shoulder and turning head to opposite direction

61
Q

CN 12 path

A

Hypoglossal canal -> inferior to mandible -> inferior surface of tongue

62
Q

Nerve damage to CN 12

A

Swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement

63
Q

What happens if a single hypoglossal N (L or R) is paralyzed?

A

Protruded tongue deviates to the side of nerve damage

64
Q

CN 1

A

Olfactory N

65
Q

CN 2

A

Optic N

66
Q

CN 3

A

Oculomotor N

67
Q

CN 4

A

Trochlear N

68
Q

CN 5

A

Trigeminal N

69
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens N

70
Q

CN 7

A

Facial N

71
Q

CN 8

A

Vestibulocochlear N

72
Q

CN 9

A

Glossopharyngeal N

73
Q

CN 10

A

Vagus N

74
Q

CN 11

A

Accessory N

75
Q

CN 12

A

Hypoglossal N

NE Exam 1 (16 decks)

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