3: Arterial Supply To Head

Question 1

Mnemonic for external carotid artery branches + list the branches

Answer 1

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Med Students

1. Superior thyroid
2. Ascending pharyngeal
3. Lingual
4. Facial
5. Occipital
6. Posterior auricular
7. Maxillary
8. Superficial temporal

Question 2

What N does the superior laryngeal A run with

Answer 2

Superior laryngeal N

Question 3

Lingual A: course

Answer 3

1. Obliquely up and medial towards hyoid
2. Down -> beneath digastric and stylohyoid
3. Deep to hyoglossus

Question 4

What N crosses the lingual A

Answer 4

Hypoglossal N

Question 5

What N does the deep lingual A run with? How are they separated?

Answer 5

With lingual N

• deep lingual A: deep to hyoglossus M
• lingual N: superficial to hyoglossus M

Question 6

Where do the facial A and occipital A arise?

Answer 6

In carotid triangle

Question 7

What N does the terminal portion of the occipital A run with?

Answer 7

Greater occipital N

Question 8

What N does the posterior auricular A run with?

Answer 8

Posterior auricular N

Question 9

What foramen does the inferior alveolar A enter?

Answer 9

Mandibular foramen

Question 10

Through what hole does the middle meningeal A enter the cranium

Answer 10

Foramen spinosum

Question 11

How does the accessory meningeal A enter the skull?

Answer 11

Foramen ovale

Question 12

What causes an epidural hematoma

Answer 12

Being struck in the temporal region -> tear in middle meningeal A

Question 13

Where is the bleed in an epidural hematoma

Answer 13

Outside dura mater, deep to skull bone

Question 14

What artery supplies inferior oblique M and inferior rectus M?

Answer 14

Infraorbital A

Question 15

What nerve does the superficial temporal A run with?

Answer 15

Auriculotemporal N

Question 16

Branches of the internal carotid A in the neck

Answer 16

None

Question 17

How does the internal carotid A enter cranial cavity?

Answer 17

Through petrous part of temporal bone via carotid canal

Question 18

Where is the carotid sinus

Answer 18

Just superior to bifurcation into external and internal carotids

Question 19

Two receptors in carotid sinus

Answer 19

Baroreceptors (BP) and chemoreceptors (O2)

Question 20

What innervates baroreceptors in the carotid sinus?

Answer 20

CN 9

Question 21

Where does the vertebral A come from?

Answer 21

1st part of subclavian A

Question 22

What do the two vertebral arteries join to form?

Answer 22

Basilar A

Question 23

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Answer 23

Decreased posterior circulation due to intermittent vertebral artery occlusion

Question 24

What causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Answer 24

Atherosclerosis

Question 25

S/S of vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Answer 25

Syncope, vertigo, double vision, Loss of vision, numbness/weakness in hands/feet, slurred speech, N/V, loss of coordination, weakness

Question 26

Risk factors for vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Answer 26

Smoking, HTN, HLD, DM, obesity, FHx

Question 27

Subclavian Steal Syndrome

Answer 27

Proximal stenosis or occlusion of subclavian A -> reverse of blood flow through vertebral A of affected side to supply blood to UE + decreased blood flow to brain

Question 28

S/S of subclavian Steal syndrome

Answer 28

Syncope, different BPs in the UEs, neurological deficits or memory problems

Question 29

Two possible causes of subclavian steal syndrome

Answer 29

Atherosclerosis, cervical rib

Question 30

Possible treatments for subclavian steal syndrome

Answer 30

Stent and balloon angioplasty, endarterectomy

Question 31

Arteries that form the circle of Willis

Answer 31

Anterior and posterior communicating arteries