3: Arterial Supply To Head Flashcards
Mnemonic for external carotid artery branches + list the branches
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Med Students
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What N does the superior laryngeal A run with
Superior laryngeal N
Lingual A: course
- Obliquely up and medial towards hyoid
- Down -> beneath digastric and stylohyoid
- Deep to hyoglossus
What N crosses the lingual A
Hypoglossal N
What N does the deep lingual A run with? How are they separated?
With lingual N
- deep lingual A: deep to hyoglossus M
- lingual N: superficial to hyoglossus M
Where do the facial A and occipital A arise?
In carotid triangle
What N does the terminal portion of the occipital A run with?
Greater occipital N
What N does the posterior auricular A run with?
Posterior auricular N
What foramen does the inferior alveolar A enter?
Mandibular foramen
Through what hole does the middle meningeal A enter the cranium
Foramen spinosum
How does the accessory meningeal A enter the skull?
Foramen ovale
What causes an epidural hematoma
Being struck in the temporal region -> tear in middle meningeal A
Where is the bleed in an epidural hematoma
Outside dura mater, deep to skull bone
What artery supplies inferior oblique M and inferior rectus M?
Infraorbital A
What nerve does the superficial temporal A run with?
Auriculotemporal N
Branches of the internal carotid A in the neck
None
How does the internal carotid A enter cranial cavity?
Through petrous part of temporal bone via carotid canal
Where is the carotid sinus
Just superior to bifurcation into external and internal carotids
Two receptors in carotid sinus
Baroreceptors (BP) and chemoreceptors (O2)
What innervates baroreceptors in the carotid sinus?
CN 9
Where does the vertebral A come from?
1st part of subclavian A
What do the two vertebral arteries join to form?
Basilar A
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Decreased posterior circulation due to intermittent vertebral artery occlusion
What causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Atherosclerosis
S/S of vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Syncope, vertigo, double vision, Loss of vision, numbness/weakness in hands/feet, slurred speech, N/V, loss of coordination, weakness
Risk factors for vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Smoking, HTN, HLD, DM, obesity, FHx
Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Proximal stenosis or occlusion of subclavian A -> reverse of blood flow through vertebral A of affected side to supply blood to UE + decreased blood flow to brain
S/S of subclavian Steal syndrome
Syncope, different BPs in the UEs, neurological deficits or memory problems
Two possible causes of subclavian steal syndrome
Atherosclerosis, cervical rib
Possible treatments for subclavian steal syndrome
Stent and balloon angioplasty, endarterectomy
Arteries that form the circle of Willis
Anterior and posterior communicating arteries
