8: Neurons Flashcards
4 ganglia for CNS
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia cells
Ependymal cells
2 cells for PNS
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
Astrocyte
Biggest and most common
CNS barrier
Oligodendrocytes
Wrapping called myelin sheath
Nodes (gaps)
Internodes (sheath)
Microglial cells
Smallest and least
Phagocytic
White blood cell
Ependymal cell
Lines epithelial
Canals
Creates CSF
Satellite cells
PNS barrier
Surrounds
Schwann cell
Wraps cells
Myelin sheath
White matter
Yes myelin
So just axon not dendrites or cell bodies
Gray matter
No myelin
Continuous
Slow response
Saltatory
Fast response
N1
Olfactory bulb (nose)
N2
Optic (eye)
N3
Oculomotor (eye)
N4
Trochlear (eye)
N5
Trigeminal (face)
N6
Abducens (eye)
N7
Facial (taste and emotion)
N8
Vestibulocochlear
Balance) (hearing
N9
Glossopharyngeal (homeostasis, saliva)
N10
Vagus (trunk organs)
N11
Accessory (neck/ traps)
N12
Hypoglossal (tongue)
Efferent
Motor
Afferent
Sensory
Somatic
Skeletal- Usually voluntary but also controls quick reflexes like after touching a hot stove
Autonomic
Involuntary
Controls: smooth, cardiac, and glands
Sympathetic on each organ
Pupils dilate Heart speeds up Vessels constrict Bronchi dilate Inhibits all digestive organs Relaxes bladder Stimulates ejaculation
Parasympathetic on each organ
Pupils constrict Tear glands stimulate Heart slows Vessels dilate Bronchi constrict All digestive organs are stimulated Contracts bladder Stimulates erection
Name the parts of the axon
Dendrites Cell body Axon hillock Axon Axon terminals
Myelin
Sheath lining
Aids faster impulses
Intracellular elements
K
Extracellular elements
Cl
Na
AP mV
Resting -70 Threshold -55 Depolarization +10 (Na channels open) Repolarization- back to neg (K channels open) Hyperpolarization -90
Presynaptic
Axon terminal releases ACh
Postsynaptic
Dendrites receive ACh message turn it into electrical message
ACh-esterase
Breaks up ACh
Gyri
Elevated ridges
Sulci
Shallow grooves
Fissure
Deep grooves
Motor cortex
in frontal lobe
Somatosensory
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe functions
Association
Speech
Personality
Parietal lobe functions
Speech
Taste
Reading
Occipital
Vision
Temporal
Hearing
Smell
Balance
Limbic hippocampus
Long term memory
Limbic amygdala
Emotions
Brain stem medulla oblongata
Basic life functions
Regulates vitals
CSF draining system (6)
Starts in 2 lateral ventricle in cerebral hemisphere
Drain through interventricular foramen
To the third ventricle in diencephalon
Drains through cerebral aqueduct
To 4th ventricle
Drains into central canal
12 nerve pneumonic
Oh. Olfactory Once. Optic One. Oculomotor Takes. Trochlear The. Trigeminal Anatomy. Abducens Final. Facial Very. Vestibulocochlear Good. Glossopharyngeal Vacations. Vagus Are. Accessory Heavenly. Hypoglossal
