1: Systems Flashcards
3 types of gross anatomy
Surface- landmarks
Regional- everything in that region
Systemic- everything in that system
2 types of microscopic anatomy
Cytology- individual cell
Histology- tissues (cell groups)
How do we build from an atom to a person
Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ System Person
What’s in the endocrine system
Pineal Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries/ testis
What’s in the lymphatic system
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
What’s a disease
Homeostasis is overwhelmed due to organ system malfunction
How do we achieve homeostasis
- Receptors sense change
- Control center decides how to fix it
- Effector decodes and acts based on control center
Negative feedback
Senses problem and creates balance
Positive feedback
Senses solution and reinforces
Abdominopelvic quadrants
RUQ liver, gallbladder
LUQ stomach, spleen
RLQ appendix
LLQ
Adominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right inguinal Hypogastric Left inguinal
Front
Anterior
Ventral
Back
Posterior
Dorsal
Proximal
Toward trunk
Distal
Away from trunk
Toward head
Superior
Cranial
Cephalic
Toward coccyx
Inferior
Caudal
Frontal plane
Aka coronal plane
Splits front and back
Sagittal plane
Divide left and right
Midsagittal
Two equal halves left and right
Transverse plane
Divides top and bottom
Aka transverse section
Aka cross section
2 cavities in trunk
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Separated by diaphragm
3 cavities in thoracic
Left pleural
Right pleural
Pericardial
What’s the mediastinum
Space between lungs. Pericardial cavity sits here
3 cavities in abdominopelvic
Peritoneal
Abdominal
Pelvic
Serous membrane
Parietal lines cavities
Visceral lines organs
Respiratory
Nasal cavity Sinus Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lung Diaphragm
Ox and carbon dioxide exchange
Produces sound to talk
Cardiovascular
Heart
Vessels
Blood
Capillaries
Delivery system for: Cells Nutrients Waste Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Nervous
Central:
Brain
Spinal chord
Peripheral:
Nerves
Send messages motor and sensory
Immediate response to stimuli
Integumentary
Skin
Hair
Nails
Protective barrier
Body temp
Sensory information
Muscular
Axial muscles
Appendicular muscles
Tendons
Movement
Produces heat
Support for other tissues
Skeletal
Axial: Skull Vertebrae Sternum Ribs Sacrum
Appendicular: Scapula Clavicle Upper limbs Pelvis Lower limbs
Keep structure
Protect tissues
Store minerals
Form blood cells
Lymphatic purpose
Immune system
Return tissue fluid to blood stream
Endocrine purpose
Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems
Digestive
Salivary glands Mouth Teeth Tongue Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Small and large intestine Anus
Break down and absorb nutrients
Urinary system
Kidneys
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Eliminates waste from body
Controls water level in body
Male reproductive
Prostate gland Seminal gland Ductus deferens Urethra Epididymis Testis Penis Scrotum
Produce sperm and regulate hormone
Male Fallopian tube
Epididymis
Male epiglottis
Ductus deferens
Female reproductive
Mammary gland Uterine tube Ovaries Uterus Vagina External genitalia
Produce oocytes and hormones
Support fetal development
Head
Cephalic
Skull
Cranium
Neck
Cervical
Eyes
Oculus
Cheek
Buccal
Nose
Nasus
Mouth
Oris
Hand
Manus
Armpit
Axilla
Upper arm
Brachium
Elbow
Anticubitis
Forearm
Antebrachium
Wrist
Carpus
Thumb
Pollex
Fingers
Digits
Thigh
Femur
Knee
Patella
Ankle
Tarus
Big toe
Hallux
Toes
Digits
Foot
Pes
Torso
Trunk
Chest
Thorax
Boobs
Mamma
Belly button
Umbilicus