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Zoology 1090 > 4: Tissues > Flashcards

4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What’s tissue made of

A

Cells and extra cellular material and fluid

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2
Q

What’re the 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural

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3
Q

What is epithelial tissue

A

Anything that touches the environment, all tubular structures

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4
Q

Epithelial functions

A

Physical protection
Control permeability
Provide sensation
Specialized secretions

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5
Q

2 types of glandular epithelium

A

Exocrine- secretions go through a duct to the outside of an organ

Endocrine- secretions go directly into blood stream

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6
Q

Epidermis layers

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum basale
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7
Q

Epithelial location

A 
Skin 
Digestive 
Urinary 
Respiratory 
Lung cavities 
Pericardial
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8
Q

Cell junctions

A

Fusions of plasma membranes of cells to prevent fluid diffusion between cells

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9
Q

Epithelial classification

A

Simple- 1 layer
Stratified- multiple layer

Squamous- flat
Cuboidal- square
Columnar- rectangle

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10
Q

Simple epithelial

A

Covers basement membrane
Fragile
Common for secretions and absorption

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11
Q

Stratified

A

Greater protection

Found in areas with mechanical chemical stress

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12
Q

What does squamous look like

A

Side view- thin and flat

Top view- fried eggs

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13
Q

What does cuboidal look like

A

Side view- square with large round nucleus

Top view- hexagon box

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14
Q

Columnar

A

Side view- rectangular nuclear at base

Top view- hexagon box

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15
Q

3 types of stratified epithelium

A

Cuboidal- rare/ found in ducts (sweat glands, mammary glands)

Columnar- rare/ only superficial (pharynx, epiglottis, anus, urethra)

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial- single layer bc all cells rest on basement but looks fake bc nuclei are at diff distances from basement membrane (usually in respiratory tract)

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16
Q

Merocrine glands

A

Most common

Exocytosis- Vesicle releases product into duct

Sweat glands/ milk in breasts/ salivary/ digestive and respiratory mucus

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17
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Mammary/ under arm sweat

Loss of cytoplasm- Pinched off portion of cell in secretions

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18
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Sebaceous (oil) gland/ wax coating on hair

Cell destruction/ whole cell sheds into secretion

19
Q

Types of merocrine glands

A

Serous gland- watery secretions with enzymes (parotid salivary)

Mucous glands- secrete mucin that form mucus (sublingual salivary)

Mixed glands- both serous and mucus (submandibular salivary)

20
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Material in a living cell excluding nucleus

21
Q

4 types of tissue membranes

A

Mucous- digestive, respiratory, urogenital

Serous- parietal/ visceral

Cutaneous- hair, nails, exocrine

Synovial- aids joints

22
Q

Cells of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Fat cells
Mast cells

23
Q

Fibroblasts

A

always present

produce tissue fiber and ground substance

grows to fibrocyte with maintains tissue fibers

24
Q

Macrophages

A

large phagocytic cells

destroys damaged cells and pathogens

release chemicals that mobilize the immune system

25
Q

Fat cells

A

adipose

permanent resident

each cell contains large lipid droplet

number of cells vary

26
Q

Mast cells

A

Small mobile cells found by blood vessels

Histamine/ heparin

All released with injury and infection

27
Q

Connective tissues function

A

Support/ protection
Transport material
Store energy
Defense of body

28
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Proper (loose vs dense)
Fluid (blood vs lymph)
Supporting (cartilage vs bone)

29
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Includes all tissue except bone, cartilage, and blood

Loose vs dense

30
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar- connects fibers and soaks up fluid

Adipose- insulate body and fuel storage

Reticular- stores white blood cells

Packing material of the body, cushioning between organs, support epithelial, anchor vessel and nerves, store lipids

More ground substances
Less fibers

31
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular- resist tension in a single direction

Dense irregular- resists tension in multiple directions

Elastic- allows stretch and recoil

Dense- resist tension and distortion

More fibers
Less ground substances

32
Q

Cartilage structure

A

Avascular- no blood supply
Covered by perichondrium

Outer layer- strong
Inner layer- growth/ maintenance

33
Q

Lucunae

A

Contained in small pockets

34
Q

Cartilage metabolic

A

Low oxygen demand

Gets nutritious by diffusion though matrix

Limited repair ability

35
Q

Bone metabolic

A

High oxygen demand

Gets nutrients from diffusion through cytoplasm fluid and canaliculi

High repair ability

36
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleic

37
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A 
Involuntary 
Uninucleic 
Branched 
Gap junctions
Striated
38
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Involuntary
Multinucleic
Not striated

39
Q

Neurons

A

Actual nerve cells

Do the communication

40
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supporting cells
Like caregivers for neurons
Use myelin to facilitate really fast electrical pulses

41
Q

Response to injury

A

Inflammation
Regeneration

Histamine and heparin

42
Q

3 things that cause inflammation

A

Trauma
Infection
Extreme temp

43
Q

Regeneration

A

Damaged tissue is replaced by fibroblasts to make scar tissue and dead cells are carried out

Zoology 1090 (15 decks)

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