6: Bones Flashcards
3 main bone cell types
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
2 types of ossification
Endochondral- most bones, long bones, from hyaline cartilage
Intramembranous- flat bones, from fibrous membranes
Growth hormone
Released from pituitary to stimulate epiphyseal plate
Thyroid hormone
Regulates growth hormone to ensure proper proportions
Minerals in bones
Calcium and phosphate that we absorb from mom in utero
Vitamin D3
Helps absorb calcium
Comes from epidermis in UV light
Lack of causes osteomalacia or rickets
Vitamin A and C
Provide support to osteoblasts
4 types of hormones
Growth
Thyroid
Sex
Calcium balancing
What increases calcium levels
Calcitriol and parathyroid
What decreases calcium
Calcitonin
What is the outcome of large changes in calcium
Seizures and death
3 types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilage
Synovial
3 types of fibrous joints
Sutures- skull
Syndesmoses- tibia to fibula and ulna to radius
Gomphoses- teeth
Cartilaginous joints types
Synchondrones- 1st rib tips sternum or epiphyseal plate
Symphyses- vertebrae
6 types of synovial joints
Gliding- wrist Hinge- elbow Pivot- neck Condylar- hand Saddle- thumb Ball and socket- hip
Knee ligaments
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral and medial meniscus
Flexion
Decrease angle between 2 long bones
Extension
Back to anatomical position
Hyperextension
Past anatomical position
Abduction
Away from midline
Addiction
Toward midline
Circumduction
Move limb in circle
Pronation
Palm down
Supination
Palm up
Head rotation
Face left to right
Inversion
Sickle foot
Eversion
Bevel foot
Opposition
Thumb to palm
Reposition
Thumb return to normal
Dorsiflexion
Flex foot
Plantar flexion
Point toes
Depression
Move jaw down
Elevation
Move jaw up
Lateral flexion
Whole head left to right
8 bones in cranium
Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Parietal 2 Temporal 2 Occipital
14 bones in face
Mandible Vomer Nasal 2 Lacrimal 2 Nasal concha 2 Maxilla 2 Palatine 2 Zygomatic 2
4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
Ribs
1-7 true
8-10 false
11-12 free floating
