3: Cells Flashcards
4 things all cells have
Nucleic acid (transmit info) Proteins (cell functions) Carbs (energy) Plasma membrane (barrier)
Phospholipid bilayer
Plasma membrane made up of double layer hydrophilic heads with hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic heads
Made of phosphate and glycerol
Hydrophobic tails
Made up of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Selective permeability
ALL small nonpolar
SOME small uncharged polar
FEW large uncharged polar
NO ions
4 functions of plasma membrane
Isolates from environment
Regulates exchanges
Sensitive to environment
Structural support
Passive transport
Diffusion
Active transport
Low to high concentration
ATP needed
Hypertonic solution
Cell losses water and will shrivel
Hypotonic solution
Cell gains water and bloats or pops
Isotonic
Zen between solution and cell
Carrier mediated transport
Using protein binds to cross plasma membrane
Passive/ active
Can only transport matching material
Cotransport
Transports 2 things in 1 direction
Countertransport
Transports 2 things in 2 directions
Exchange pump
ATP hydrolysis
ATP and WATER
Used to activate energy
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
Endocytosis
- Ligands bind to receptors
- Area with ligands forms pocket
- Pocket pinches off
- Vesicles fuse with lysosomes
- Ligands are released
- Vesicle and lysosome detach
- Vesicle rejoins membrane
Exocytosis
Active transport using vesicle to release solids and fluids from cell
2 types of gradients
- Electrochemical
2. Concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Passive transport type of carrier mediated transport
Phagocytosis
Process of engulfing and eliminating
