5: Integumentary Flashcards
Functions of the integumentary
Protection Temp regulation Synthesis and store nutrients Sensory Excretion and secretion
Epidermis layers
Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
Stratum basal
Deepest layer
Single row attached to dermis
Melanocytes compose 10-25% of layer
Occasional merkle cell that sense touch and sends message directly to CNS
Daughter cells formed here and progress upward
Stratum spinosum
Composed of keratinocytes to keep strength and langerhan cells that are phagocytic for immune response
Stratum granulosum
Thick watery plasma membrane
Superficial cells are dead bc they’re too far away from capillaries
Nuclei and organelles disintegrate
2 types of granules
Keratohyaline helps form keratin
Lamellar hydrophobic
Stratum lucidum
Only on “thick” skin on soles of feet abs palm of hands
Dead, lots of keratin (protein)
Stratum corneum
3/4 epidermis
All dead, anucleic, keratinized, membrane sacs
Explain fingerprints
Ridges on border of papillary dermis and basal epidermis that affects how the layers sit all the way to the surface.
Called friction ridges
Enhance gripping and sense of touch
2 pigmentation vesicles
Carotene- orange yellow
Melanin- red yellow and brown black
Made by melanocytes stored in melanosomes (activity increases with UV bc it helps protect against UV)
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common
Starts in stratum basale
Squamous cell carcinoma
In superficial layers
Malignant melanoma
Most dangerous
Looks like a weird mole
Developed from melanocytes
Circulation presentation
Flushed- increase body temp (vasodilation)
Pale- temporary vasoconstriction
cyanotic- no more blood ox supply
Papillary dermis
Superficial dermis
Avascular
Reticular dermis
Deep dermis layer
Has vessels and sweat glands
Subpapillary plexus
Capillaries Along papillary and reticular boundary
Cutaneous plexus
Larger veins and arteries in hypodermal layer
Hypodermis layer
Stabilize skin to tissue
Made of alveolar tissue with lots of fat cells
Hair Function
Protect scalp Insulate skull Prevent foreign objects from entering eyes, ears, nose Sensory on skin Express emotion
Hair is everywhere except
Soles of feet
Palms of hands
Sides of fingers and toes
Portions of external genitalia
Hair follicle structures
Hair papilla
Hair matrix
Hair shaft structure
Outside to inside
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Arrector pili muscle
Pulls hair up when cold or frightened
Pushes sebum out when it contracts
Sebaceous gland
Lubes skin
Prevents brittle hair
Kills bacteria bc it’s acidic
Apocrine sweat glands
Not thermoregulatory
Secrets protein And fat
Bacteria eats it for nutrients
Found in
armpits
Nipples
Pubic region
Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands
Most common
Don’t associate with hair
Helps regulate temp
Homeostatic imbalance of a burn
Cell death from: heat, electricity, UV rays, chemicals
Dangers: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock
1st degree burn
Only epidermis
Skin red and swollen
2nd degree burn
Epidermis and papillary dermal
Skin is red and blistered
3rd degree burn
Destroys whole skin layer
Looks gray white or black
Not painful bc nerves died
