5: Integumentary

Question 1

Functions of the integumentary

Answer 1

Protection 
Temp regulation
Synthesis and store nutrients 
Sensory
Excretion and secretion

Question 2

Epidermis layers

Answer 2

Corneum
Lucidum 
Granulosum 
Spinosum
Basale

Question 3

Stratum basal

Answer 3

Deepest layer
Single row attached to dermis
Melanocytes compose 10-25% of layer
Occasional merkle cell that sense touch and sends message directly to CNS
Daughter cells formed here and progress upward

Question 4

Stratum spinosum

Answer 4

Composed of keratinocytes to keep strength and langerhan cells that are phagocytic for immune response

Question 5

Stratum granulosum

Answer 5

Thick watery plasma membrane
Superficial cells are dead bc they’re too far away from capillaries
Nuclei and organelles disintegrate

2 types of granules
Keratohyaline helps form keratin
Lamellar hydrophobic

Question 6

Stratum lucidum

Answer 6

Only on “thick” skin on soles of feet abs palm of hands

Dead, lots of keratin (protein)

Question 7

Stratum corneum

Answer 7

3/4 epidermis

All dead, anucleic, keratinized, membrane sacs

Question 8

Explain fingerprints

Answer 8

Ridges on border of papillary dermis and basal epidermis that affects how the layers sit all the way to the surface.
Called friction ridges
Enhance gripping and sense of touch

Question 9

2 pigmentation vesicles

Answer 9

Carotene- orange yellow

Melanin- red yellow and brown black
Made by melanocytes stored in melanosomes (activity increases with UV bc it helps protect against UV)

Question 10

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 10

Most common

Starts in stratum basale

Question 11

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 11

In superficial layers

Question 12

Malignant melanoma

Answer 12

Most dangerous
Looks like a weird mole
Developed from melanocytes

Question 13

Circulation presentation

Answer 13

Flushed- increase body temp (vasodilation)

Pale- temporary vasoconstriction

cyanotic- no more blood ox supply

Question 14

Papillary dermis

Answer 14

Superficial dermis

Avascular

Question 15

Reticular dermis

Answer 15

Deep dermis layer

Has vessels and sweat glands

Question 16

Subpapillary plexus

Answer 16

Capillaries Along papillary and reticular boundary

Question 17

Cutaneous plexus

Answer 17

Larger veins and arteries in hypodermal layer

Question 18

Hypodermis layer

Answer 18

Stabilize skin to tissue

Made of alveolar tissue with lots of fat cells

Question 19

Hair Function

Answer 19

Protect scalp
Insulate skull
Prevent foreign objects from entering eyes, ears, nose
Sensory on skin
Express emotion

Question 20

Hair is everywhere except

Answer 20

Soles of feet
Palms of hands
Sides of fingers and toes
Portions of external genitalia

Question 21

Hair follicle structures

Answer 21

Hair papilla

Hair matrix

Question 22

Hair shaft structure

Answer 22

Outside to inside
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

Question 23

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 23

Pulls hair up when cold or frightened

Pushes sebum out when it contracts

Question 24

Sebaceous gland

Answer 24

Lubes skin
Prevents brittle hair
Kills bacteria bc it’s acidic

Question 25

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 25

Not thermoregulatory
Secrets protein And fat
Bacteria eats it for nutrients

Found in
armpits
Nipples
Pubic region

Question 26

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands

Answer 26

Most common
Don’t associate with hair
Helps regulate temp

Question 27

Homeostatic imbalance of a burn

Answer 27

Cell death from: heat, electricity, UV rays, chemicals

Dangers: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock

Question 28

1st degree burn

Answer 28

Only epidermis

Skin red and swollen

Question 29

2nd degree burn

Answer 29

Epidermis and papillary dermal

Skin is red and blistered

Question 30

3rd degree burn

Answer 30

Destroys whole skin layer
Looks gray white or black
Not painful bc nerves died