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Zoology 1090 > 7: Muscles > Flashcards

7: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle connective tissue layers

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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2
Q

What’s in the epimysium

A

Nerves, artery’s, veins
Perimysium
Muscle fascicle

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3
Q

What’s in a muscle fascicle

A

Endomysium

Muscle fiber

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4
Q

What’s in a muscle fiber (8)

A

Nucleus/stem cell/ mitochondria
Capillaries/ axon of nerve
Sarcolemma/ sarcoplasm
Myofibrils

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5
Q

2 types of connective tissue attachments

A

Tendon- fiber bundles (muscle-bone)

Aponeurosis- fiber sheets (muscle-muscle), (muscle to flat bone)

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6
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Specialized plasma membrane

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7
Q

Myofibrils parts (6)

A 
Z band 
A band 
I band 
Thick filament (myosin) 
Thin filament (actin) 
Sarcomere
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8
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Contains Ca+

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9
Q

Contraction cycle

A
  1. Action potential travels over Sarcolemma down into the T tubes
  2. Triggers release of Ca from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Ca binds to troponin which moves the tropomyosin out of the way and exposes active sites for myosin heads
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10
Q

3 steps to slide thin filament with thick filament

A
  1. Myosin heads of thick filament bind to active sites on thin filaments (this produces cross-bridges)
  2. Heads pivot toward center of sarcomere pulling the thin filament in that direction
  3. Cross-bridges detach and return to original position
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11
Q

5 steps of motor neuron stimulation of muscle fiber

A
  1. Action potential arrives at axon terminal at neuromuscular junction (AP TRAVELS THROUGH NEURON TO NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION)
  2. ACh is released and binds receptors on Sarcolemma (AP USE EXOCYTOSIS TO EXIT AXON)
  3. Ion permeability of Sarcolemma changes (AP BINDS TO APPROPRIATE RECEPTORS)
  4. Local change in membrane voltage occurs (depolarization) (AP IS IN RECEPTOR AND DEPOLARIZES TO SARCOLEMMA)
  5. Local depolarization ignites action potential in Sarcolemma (end of potential) (AP IS NOW IN SARCOLEMMA)
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12
Q

4 steps of excitation contraction coupling occurring

A
  1. Action potential travels across the entire Sarcolemma (AP TRAVELS THROUGH SARCOLEMMA)
  2. Action potential travels along T tubules (AP TRAVELS THROUGH T TUBULES)
  3. SR releases Ca which binds to the troponin and exposes myosin-binding sites (AP HITS SARCOPLASMIC MEMBRANE, RELEASES CA WHICH BIND TO TROPONIN AND MOVE TROPOMYOSIN)
  4. Myosin heads bind to actin and contraction behind (MYOSIN HEAD ATTACHES TO G ACTIN WITH ATP, DOES POWER STROKE, LETS GO USING ATP)
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13
Q

Muscle tone

A

Muscle are relaxed and in the contracted position

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14
Q

Atrophy

A

Muscle dies from not being stimulated by nerves

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15
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscle length changes bc force applied is greater than load

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16
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle length does not change because force applied is less than or equal to load

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17
Q

Temporalis

A

Assist in chewing

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18
Q

Frontals

A

Raise eyebrows

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19
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Turns head side to side

20
Q

Occipitals

A

Moves scalp back

21
Q

Trapezius

A

Holds head up and raises shoulders

22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Flexes shoulder

23
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Flexes vertebral column

24
Q

External oblique

A

Rotate vertebral column

25
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extends shoulders

26
Q

Deltoid

A

Abducts shoulder

27
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Flexes forearm

28
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends forearm

29
Q

Pronator teres

A

Rotates forearm palm down

30
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexes wrist

31
Q

Flexor digitorum

A

Flexes finger

32
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extends fingers

33
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes the hip

34
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Extends the knee

35
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexes foot

36
Q

Name the 3 hamstrings

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinous

37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexes foot

38
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

39
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Interior muscle cell fluid

40
Q

Sarcomere

A

Z disc to z disc on a Myofibril

41
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Where the Ca is stored on a myofibril

42
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Full muscle contraction/ stiffening of dead person

43
Q

Slow fibers

A 
Red 
Small
Aerobic 
Low glycogen storage 
High myoglobin content 
Slow contraction
44
Q

Fast fibers

A 
White
Large 
Anaerobic
High glycogen 
Low myoglobin
Fast fatigue
45
Q

Cardiac cell appearance

A

Intercalated discs
Striated
Branched

46
Q

Smooth cell appearance

A

Spindle shaped
Single nucleus
In organs it forms sheets, bundles, sheaths
Orients directionally per function

47
Q

Skeletal cell appearance

A

Striated

Multinucleic

Zoology 1090 (15 decks)

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