8. National Level Governance Flashcards
Name 2 characteristics about national governments.
- Usually centre of power and authority
- Sign up international conventions, treaties and agendas
- Translate these into national programmes
- Work with other ministries and actors
- Support local governance
How much of the Dutch national parks is protected?
26%
What changed in 2013 regarding the governance of Dutch national parks?
Decentralised to provinces
What is the main objective of IUCN protected areas?
Conserving nature
Name 3 of the 7 possible protected area categories.
- Strict nature reserve
- Wilderness area
- National park
- National monument
- Habitat/species management
- Protected landscape/seascape
- Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Name the 4 different governance types.
- Governance by government
- Shared governance
- Private governance
- Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities
What are ICCAs?
Indigenous and community conserved areas
Are PAs effective for protecting biodiversity?
Yes, but not sufficiently.
True or false: older and larger PAs are more effective in protecting biodiversity.
False.
Where is PA-pressure highest and why?
In tropics due to cropland conversion.
Name the 3 costs types of conservation.
- Direct costs
- Monitoring and enforcement
- Information and decision making
Name 3 effects that evidence how MPAs can lead to exclusion.
- Displacement
- Loss in income
- Forced to learn new trade
- Loss of identity
- Disturbance of community relations
Name 1 example how PA establishment may weaken historical rights.
- Erode local authority of collective regimes
- Opens space for new actors entering
- Illegal harvesting
Who gains and who loses from wildlife management areas?
- Winners: international high-end tourists & government
- Losers: local farmers and herders
Name 2 risks of decentralisation.
- Differences in quality of protection
- Fragmentation in policy management
- Difficult to monitor
- Bad for species that need to relocate due to climate change
