12. CPR Management Flashcards
Describe the main conclusion of Eleanor Ostrom.
Empirical work has shown that in many instances people can agree on their own rules and prevent a tragedy of the commons.
What was the example that Ostrom used for common property regimes?
Maasai people who privatized their shrinking rangeland so the government could not touch it anymore, and working out an arrangement among themselves to govern it.
What are the two characteristics of common goods?
- Non-excludeable
- Rival
What is the difference between co-management and community based resource management?
In CBRM, the community governs itself, while in co-management, the community governs together with the government.
What are 3 requirements of CBRM?
- Group ownership
- Appropriate institutions
- Sufficient support
Name 2 reasons why CBRM can be effective.
- CBRM generates benefits for local communities
- People will conserve resource if benefits > costs
- People will conserve a resource that benefits quality of life
- Local people are better placed to conserve natural resources
Name 2 problems with CBRM.
- Idealization
- Building local institutions can take a long time
- Financial benefits often limited
CBFM failed in Sri Lanka. Why was this and what was the solution?
- Problem: lack of insitutions
- Solution: co-management
What is co-management?
An agreement between the state and a community to share resource management.
Name 2 instrumental reasons for participation in co-management.
- Lower monitoring costs
- Lower information costs
- More participation
Name 2 normative reasons for co-management.
- Empowerment
- Human rights based
- Indigenous rights over ancestral lands while conservation objectives are secondary
Name 2 problems of co-management.
- Costs/burdens on local communities may be higher than benefits
- Prolonged support requires sucure property rights
- Success depends on community ownership
- Wider governance support sometimes missing
What is poly-centric management?
Decision-making at multiple scales and horizontal and vertical levels.
Name 2 pros of polycentricity according to Ostrom and Cox (2010).
- Can work effectively
- It is needed to address multi-scale issues of CPR management
- Diversity and autonomy for innovation
- Resilience built into the governance arrangement
- Potential to share learning
Name 2 cons of polycentricity according to Fornam et al. (2023).
- Ad hoc emergence
- Not inclusive
- Not necessarily meaningful participation
- Problems with knowledge sharing
- Free-riding
- Problems with responsibility and enforcement
- High transaction costs
- Costs of duplication and redundancies
- Goals not aligned
- Difficulties enforcing overarching rules
What is the IAD framework (Ostrom & Cox, 2010)?
A framework that focuses on understanding how institutions (rules, norms, and strategies) govern the interactions of individuals within a collective setting, particularly in relation to the use and management of resources.
What is the SES framework (Ostrom & Cox, 2010)?
A framework designed to analyze the complex interplay between social (human) and ecological (natural) systems. It breaks down these systems into subsystems and elements, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of how human activities and ecological processes interact.
What are the 2 dimensions of the panacea problem?
- The first dimension occurs in situations where a theory is too precise to be flexibly adapted to the range of cases to which it is applied.
- The second dimension of the panacea problem involves theories that are excessively vague instead of excessively precise.
True or false: polycentric governance systems often emerge unplanned rather than as a result of careful design to achieve these benefits.
True
