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Anatomy > 8: Musculo-neuro-vascular system of the arm and anterior compartment of the forearm > Flashcards

8: Musculo-neuro-vascular system of the arm and anterior compartment of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Forearm is surrounded by a layer of fascia called…

A

Antebrachial fascia

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2
Q

Forearm is divided into two compartments by:

A

Medial intermuscular septum
Ulna
Interossous membrane
Radius
Lateral intermuscular septum

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3
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Excessive swelling or bleeding within a compartment exerts pressure on anything within that compartment and can cause irreversible damage to all tissues

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4
Q

How to treat compartment syndrome?

A

Emergency fasciotomy

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5
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm - deep muscles

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

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6
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm - superficial muscles

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnas
Flexor digitorum superficialis

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7
Q

Anterior forearm muscles are innervated by…

A

The median nerve or the anterior interosseus nerve

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8
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by

A

The ulnar nerve

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9
Q

Ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus is supplied by

A

The ulnar nerve

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10
Q

Origin of pronator teres

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus
Coronoid process of ulna

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11
Q

Insertion of pronator teres

A

Anterior surface of radial mid-shaft

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12
Q

Innervation of pronator teres

A

Median nerve

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13
Q

Actions of pronator teres (2)

A

Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint
Weak flexor of elbow joint

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14
Q

Origin of flexor carpi radialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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15
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi radialis

A

Palmar surface of base of metacarpals 2 and 3

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16
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve

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17
Q

Actions of flexor carpi radialis (2)

A

Flexes wrist (radiocarpal) joint
Weak radial deviation of wrist

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18
Q

Origin of palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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19
Q

Insertion of Palmaris longus

A

Flexor retinaculum
Palmar aponeurosis

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20
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

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21
Q

Actions of palmaris longus (2)

A

Flexes hand at radiocarpal joint
Tightens palmar aponeurosis when gripping

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22
Q

How many heads does flexor carpi ulnaris have?

A

2

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23
Q

Origin of humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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24
Q

Origin of ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Medial and posterior surface of olecranon

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25
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Pisiform
Hook of hamate
Base of metacarpal 5

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26
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

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27
Q

Actions of flexor carpi ulnaris (3)

A

Flexes wrist at radiocarpal joint
Flexes 5th CMC joint
Adducts hand

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28
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis (3)

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus
Coronoid process of ulna
Anterior surface of radial shaft

29
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Middle phalanges 2-5 (palmar surface)

30
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

31
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes proximal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5

32
Q

Superficial flexor of pointer finger

A

Pronator teres

33
Q

Superficial flexor of middle finger

A

Flexor carpi radials

34
Q

Superficial flexor of ring finger

A

Palmaris longus

35
Q

Superficial flexor of pinky finger

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

36
Q

Origin of pronator quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior ulna

37
Q

Insertion of pronator quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior radius

38
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve

39
Q

Actions of pronator quadratus

A

Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint
Stabilises radioulnar joint

40
Q

Origin of flexor Pollicis longus

A

Mid-anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
Sometimes it may also have a narrow slip that attaches to the coronoid process or medial epicondyle

41
Q

Insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb

42
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve

43
Q

Actions of flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes thumb

44
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Proximal 2/3 of anterior ulnar shaft and adjacent interosseus membrane

45
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Palmar surface of distal phalanges 2-5

46
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus (2 nerves)

A

Medial 1/2: ulnar nerve
Lateral 1/2: anterior interosseus branch of median nerve

47
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes distal phalanges of digits 2-5

48
Q

Attachments of flexor retinaculum

A

Lateral: scaphoid and trapezium
Medial: pisiform and hamate

49
Q

Function of flexor retinaculum

A

Prevents bowstringing of tendons in forearm

50
Q

Forearm nerves (3)

A

Median nerve + anterior interosseus branch
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve and posterior interosseus branch

51
Q

Course of median nerve

A

Passes over ulnar artery
Continues distally between digitorum superficialis and profundus
Innervates most of the muscles in anterior compartment
Passes distally between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus and exits forearm through carpal tunnel at wrist

52
Q

Course of anterior interosseus nerve

A

Runs distally along the anterior part of interosseus membrane and innervates the anterior compartment muscles

53
Q

Course of ulnar nerve

A

Descends posteriorly to medial epicondyle
Enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
Descends distally between flexor digitorum profundus and flexor carpi ulnaris and medial to ulnar artery
Ulnar nerve enters the hand superficial to flexor retinaculum and lateral to carpi ulnaris tendon

54
Q

Source of medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

Direct from medial cord of the brachial plexus

55
Q

Source of lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

Continuation of musculocutaneous nerve distal to motor branches in arm

56
Q

Source of posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

Branch of radial nerve

57
Q

Where does brachial artery enter the forearm

A

Deep to bicipital aponeurosis

58
Q

Brachial artery bifurcates:

A

Radial artery
Ulnar artery

59
Q

Elbow joint anastomotic network

A

Superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries anastomose with ulnar recurrent arteries
Radial collateral artery anastomoses with radial recurrent arteries

60
Q

Common interosseus artery divides into:

A

Anterior branch
Posterior branch

61
Q

Posterior interosseous artery anastomoses with..

A

middle collateral branch of the profunda brachii

62
Q

Posterior interosseus artery and the middle collateral branch of the Profunda brachii supply….

A

The middle posterior part of the elbow

63
Q

Course of anterior interosseus branch

A

Descends on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, then pierces through the interosseus membrane and assists the posterior interosseus branch to supply the distal posterior forearm compartment

64
Q

Radial artery location

A

Proximally lies on muscle, deep to brachioradialis

65
Q

Radial recurrent artery anastomoses with…… to supply…..

A

Radial collateral branch of brachial artery
Lateral elbow

66
Q

Course of ulnar artery

A

Courses distally from its origin along the ulnar side of the forearm
Runs deep to flexor carpi ulnaris but superficial to flexor digitorum profundus

67
Q

Ulnar artery and its branches supply

A

Muscles, nerves etc. of the medial part of the forearm

68
Q

Deep veins of forearm (6)

A

Radial veins
Ulnar veins
Posterior interosseus vein
Anterior interosseus vein
Brachial vein
Axillary vein

69
Q

Superficial veins of forearm (4)

A

Cephalic vein
Median antebrachial
Median cubital vein
Basilic vein

Anatomy (17 decks)

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