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Anatomy > 5: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of pectoral and dorsal regions > Flashcards

5: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of pectoral and dorsal regions Flashcards

1
Q

What is muscle

A

Contractile tissue made of myocytes

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2
Q

Muscle origin

A

Proximal attachment (usually remains fixed)

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3
Q

Muscle insertion

A

Distal attachment (usually moves)

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle consists of :

A

myocytes bundled into fascicles, bundled into muscle

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5
Q

Brachial

A

Relating to, or situated in the arm

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6
Q

Plexus

A

A network of anastomosing or interlacing blood vessels or nerves

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7
Q

Brachial plexus

A

The system of nerves that emerge lateral to the spinal cord and
Allow motor nerves to send their signals from brain to upper limb muscles
Allow sensory nerves to send their signals back to the brain

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8
Q

Movements of the scapula

A

Elevation + depression
Protraction + retraction
Upward + downward rotation

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9
Q

Scapular movers/ stabilizers (6)

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

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10
Q

Origin of trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance
Nuchal ligament
Spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae

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11
Q

Insertion of trapezius

A

Spine of scapula
Acromion of scapula
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

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12
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

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13
Q

Actions of trapezius (4)

A

Powerful retractor of scapula
Elevates scapula
Depresses scapula
Upward rotation of scapula

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14
Q

Origin of levator scapula

A

Transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

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15
Q

Insertion of levator scapula

A

Superior part of medial border of scapula

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16
Q

Innervation of levator scapula

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - 5)

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17
Q

Actions of levator scapula

A

Elevates medial border of scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

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18
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Spinous process of C7-T1 vertebrae

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19
Q

Insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Medial border of scapula root of the spine

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20
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - 5)

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21
Q

Actions of rhomboid minor

A

Retracts scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

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22
Q

Roots of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Spinal nerve roots C4 -5

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23
Q

Course of dorsal scapular nerve

A

Passes inferiorly, medial to medial border of scapula

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23
Q

Origin of pectoralis minor

A

Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

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23
Q

Insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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24
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate

A

Levator scapula
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid Major

25
Q

Actions of pectoralis minor

A

Protracts and stabilizes scapula by pulling it antero-inferiorly onto posterior thoracic wall

25
Q

Origin of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of scapula, anterior surface

25
Q

Insertion of serratus anterior

A

Individual muscle slips that insert into anterolateral surface of ribs 1-8

25
Q

Actions of serratus anterior

A

Protracts and stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly against thoracic wall
Assists with upward rotation of scapula by pulling inferior angle laterally

25
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

25
Q

Course of medial pectoral nerve

A

Arises from medial cord of brachial plexus
Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C8 - T1

26
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

26
Q

Course of long thoracic nerve

A

Formed from spinal nerve roots C5 -7
Passes inferiorly over the lateral surface of serratus anterior
Innervates serratus anterior

27
Q

Is the long thoracic nerve protected?

A

Protected when limbs at side, but is vulnerable when limbs elevated

28
Q

Cause of long thoracic nerve palsy

A

Injuries to the long thoracic nerve, due to trauma, heavy weightlifting, repeated throwing

29
Q

Consequences of long thoracic nerve palsy

A

Scapula can not be held firmly against posterior aspect of thoracic cage due to paralysis of serratus anterior

30
Q

Origin of pectoralis major

A

Clavicular head: medial 1/2 clavicle
Steroncostal head: sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages

31
Q

Insertion of pectoralis major

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove

32
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8 -T1)
Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)

33
Q

Actions of pectoralis major

A

Flexes shoulder from the extended position
Adducts + internally rotates humerus

34
Q

Course of medial pectoral nerve

A

Arises from medial cord of brachial plexus
Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C8-T1
Passes inferiorly deep to pectoralis minor providing innervation

35
Q

Course of lateral pectoral nerve

A

Arises from lateral cord of brachial plexus
Formed by contributions from spinal nerve roots C5-7
Descends deep to pectoral muscles and innervates them from posterior

36
Q

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Floor of bicipital groove

37
Q

Origin of latissimus dorsi (5)

A

Spinous process of T6-L5 & S1-2 vertebrae
Thoracolumbar fascia
Inferior ribs
Posterior iliac crest of pelvis
Inferior angle of scapula

38
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
Downward rotation of scapula

39
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve C6 - 8

40
Q

Course of thoraco-dorsal nerve

A

Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Formed by contributions from C6-8 spinal nerves
Passes inferiorly between scapula and thorax to reach and innervate latissimus dorsi
Upon reaching L. Dorsi - runs obliquely along L. Dorsi , innervating the whole muscle

41
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Levator scapula
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

42
Q

Origin of rhomboid major

A

Spinous process of T2- T5 vertebrae

43
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major

A

Medial border of scapula (inferior 2/3)

44
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 -5)

45
Q

Actions of rhomboid major

A

Retracts scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

46
Q

As the subclavian artery crosses the lateral border of the 1st rib it becomes known as…

A

The axillary artery

47
Q

3 parts of axillary artery

A

Proximal to pectoralis minor (1 branch )
Deep to pectoralis minor (2 branches)
Distal to pectoralis minor (3 branches)

48
Q

Once the axillary artery passes the inferior border of the teres major muscle, it becomes known as…

A

The brachial artery

49
Q

Part 1: superior thoracic artery course

A

Passes anteriorly and inferiorly between pectoralis major and minor
Supplies P. Major and P.Minor

50
Q

Part 2: thoracoacromial artery course

A

Runs over pectoralis minor and divides into four branches supplying
Clavicle
Deltoid
Acromion
Pectoral muscles

51
Q

Part 2: lateral thoracic artery course

A

Descends along lower border of pectoralis minor to supply
Serratus anterior
Pectoral muscles
(Breast)

52
Q

Part 3: anterior circumflex humeral artery

A

Passes anteriorly around surgical neck
of humerus anastomosing with posterior circumflex humeral artery

53
Q

Part 3: posterior circumflex humeral artery

A

Passes posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus anastomosing with anterior circumflex humeral artery

54
Q

Part 3: subscapular artery

A

Largest branch of axillary artery
Divides into circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery

55
Q

What supplies medial and superior scapula

A

Terminal branches from subclavian artery

56
Q

What supplies inferior and lateral scapula

A

Terminal branches from axillary artery

Anatomy (17 decks)

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