12: Bones, ligaments and joints of leg Flashcards
The patella is the the largest… bone of the body
Sesamoid
The patella is suspended in….
The main extensor tendon of the knee
The deep surface of the patella articulates with
The patellar surface of distal femur
Tibia articulates with
Condyles of femur (superior)
Talus (inferior)
Gerdy’s tubercle is an attachment point for…
The iliotibial tract + fascia of lateral thigh
What are the two tibiofibular joints
Proximal tibiofibular joint
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
Ligaments and membrane fibers of tibfib have an… direction
Oblique (inferolaterally from tibia towards fibula)
Oblique fibre direction of interosseous membrane allows for…
Upward movement of the fibula during dorsiflexion when the wide end of the trochlea of the talus is wedged between the malleoli
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint
Plane type synovial joint
What Innervates the proximal tibiofibular joint
Common fibular nerve
Popliteal nerve
What supplies the proximal tibiofibular joint
Inferior lateral genicular artery
Inferior tibial artery
3 ligaments at distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
Interosseus tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Inferior transverse ligament form….
Posterior wall of the malleolar mortise for the trochlea of the talus
Blood supply for distal tibiofibular joint
Branch of fibular artery
Medial malleolar branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Innervation of distal tibiofibular joint
Deep fibular, tibial + saphenous nerves
What type of joint is the knee joint
Hinge type synovial joint
What are the 3 joints in the knee cavity
Lateral tibiofemoral joint
Medial tibiofemoral joint
Intermediate patellofemoral joint
What makes up the lateral tibiofemoral joint
Lateral condyles of femur
Lateral meniscus
Lateral condyles of tibia
What makes up the medial tibiofemoral joint
Medial condyle of femur
Medial meniscus
Medial condyle of tibia
What makes up the intermediate patellofemoral joint
Patella
Patella surface of femur
What is the weight bearing joint of the knee
Tibiofemoral joint
What does the patellofemoral joint allow for?
The pull of the quadriceps femoris to be directed anteriorly over knee without tendon wear
Superior border of knee joint capsule
Articular margins of femoral condyles
Posterior border of knee joint capsule
Condyles and intercondylar fossa
Inferior border of knee joint capsule
Margin of tibial plateau
5 extracapsular ligaments of knee joint
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Course of patellar ligament
From patella to tibial tuberosity
Course of fibular collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of fibular head
Course of tibial collateral ligament
Medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia
Attached to medial meniscus
Function of oblique popliteal ligament
Reinforces capsule posteriorly
Course of arcuate popliteal ligament (Y)
Y-shaped, goes from head of fibula to intercondylar area of tibia and lateral epicondyle of femur
Cruciate ligaments limit medial rotation of femur to….. and lateral rotation to…..
10 degrees
40 degrees
ACL attachments
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
Posterior part of medial side of lateral condyle of femur
ACL limits
Rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during flexion
ACL prevents (2)
Posterior displacement of femur on tibia
Hyperextension of knee
PCL attachments (2)
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Anrerior part of lateral side of medial condyle of femur
PCL limits
Rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during extension
PCL prevents
Anterior displacement of femur on tibia
Hyperflexion of knee
Function of menisci of knee joint
Deepens surface to provide passive joint stabilisation
Shock absorption
Where is the suprapatellar bursa
Between quadriceps and femur
Where is the subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
Between apex of patella and skin
Where is the infrapatellar bursa
Deep between tibia and patellar ligament
Superficial between patellar ligament and skin
Where is the semimembranosus bursa
Between semimembranosus and gastrocnemius muscles
10 vessels form…. around knee
peri-articular genicular anastomoses
Middle genicular branches of popliteal artery supply
Cruciate ligaments, synovial membrane and peripheral
What type of joint is the ankle
Hinge type synovial joint
Bracket shaped socket made of tibiofibular ligaments is known as
A mortise
3 lateral collateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Medial collateral ligament proximal attachment (ankle)
Medial malleolus
Medial collateral ligament distal attachment (ankle)
Talus (tibiotalar parts)
Calcaneus (tibiocalcaneal part)
Navicular (tibionavicular part)
Function of lateral collateral ligament
Stabilises ankle during inversion
Function of medial collateral ligament
Stabilises ankle during eversion and prevents subluxation
Blood supply of ankle joint
Malleolar branches of fibular and anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Nerve supply of ankle joint
Saphenous
Tibial
Sural
Superficial and deep fibular nerves
Foot drop occurs due to…
Damaged peroneal nerve
Terrible Triad
Cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Medial fibrocartilage meniscus
Dislocation of knee is usually…..due to….
Anterior
Hyperextension of knee
Dislocated knee damages
Popliteal artery
ACL injuries occur when
Bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight
Total knee replacement involves
Distal end of femur
Proximal end of tibia
Posterior surface of patella
What is Housemaid’s knee
Prepatellar bursitis
What is Clergyman’s knee
Infrapatellar bursitis
What is a bakers cyst
Popliteal cyst
Cause of prepatellar bursitis
Excessive and repeated friction between skin and patella (kneeling)
Cause of infrapatellar bursitis
Excessive friction betwen skin and tibial tuberosity
What is a popliteal cyst and what is its cause
Fluid filled sacs in synovial membrane in popliteal fossa region
Usually a complication of chronic knee joint effusion
How does tibiofibular syndesmosis injury occur
Dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle with internal rotation of tibia
Radiography criteria for tibiofibular syndesmosis injury
Widening of tibiofibular clear space to <6mm
What is the most vulnerable ankle ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
