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Anatomy > 12: Bones, ligaments and joints of leg > Flashcards

12: Bones, ligaments and joints of leg Flashcards

1
Q

The patella is the the largest… bone of the body

A

Sesamoid

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2
Q

The patella is suspended in….

A

The main extensor tendon of the knee

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3
Q

The deep surface of the patella articulates with

A

The patellar surface of distal femur

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4
Q

Tibia articulates with

A

Condyles of femur (superior)
Talus (inferior)

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5
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle is an attachment point for…

A

The iliotibial tract + fascia of lateral thigh

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6
Q

What are the two tibiofibular joints

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

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7
Q

Ligaments and membrane fibers of tibfib have an… direction

A

Oblique (inferolaterally from tibia towards fibula)

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8
Q

Oblique fibre direction of interosseous membrane allows for…

A

Upward movement of the fibula during dorsiflexion when the wide end of the trochlea of the talus is wedged between the malleoli

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9
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Plane type synovial joint

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10
Q

What Innervates the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Common fibular nerve
Popliteal nerve

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11
Q

What supplies the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Inferior lateral genicular artery
Inferior tibial artery

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12
Q

3 ligaments at distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

Interosseus tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament

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13
Q

Inferior transverse ligament form….

A

Posterior wall of the malleolar mortise for the trochlea of the talus

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14
Q

Blood supply for distal tibiofibular joint

A

Branch of fibular artery
Medial malleolar branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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15
Q

Innervation of distal tibiofibular joint

A

Deep fibular, tibial + saphenous nerves

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16
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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17
Q

What are the 3 joints in the knee cavity

A

Lateral tibiofemoral joint
Medial tibiofemoral joint
Intermediate patellofemoral joint

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18
Q

What makes up the lateral tibiofemoral joint

A

Lateral condyles of femur
Lateral meniscus
Lateral condyles of tibia

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19
Q

What makes up the medial tibiofemoral joint

A

Medial condyle of femur
Medial meniscus
Medial condyle of tibia

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20
Q

What makes up the intermediate patellofemoral joint

A

Patella
Patella surface of femur

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21
Q

What is the weight bearing joint of the knee

A

Tibiofemoral joint

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22
Q

What does the patellofemoral joint allow for?

A

The pull of the quadriceps femoris to be directed anteriorly over knee without tendon wear

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23
Q

Superior border of knee joint capsule

A

Articular margins of femoral condyles

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24
Q

Posterior border of knee joint capsule

A

Condyles and intercondylar fossa

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25
Q

Inferior border of knee joint capsule

A

Margin of tibial plateau

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26
Q

5 extracapsular ligaments of knee joint

A

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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27
Q

Course of patellar ligament

A

From patella to tibial tuberosity

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28
Q

Course of fibular collateral ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of fibular head

29
Q

Course of tibial collateral ligament

A

Medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia
Attached to medial meniscus

30
Q

Function of oblique popliteal ligament

A

Reinforces capsule posteriorly

31
Q

Course of arcuate popliteal ligament (Y)

A

Y-shaped, goes from head of fibula to intercondylar area of tibia and lateral epicondyle of femur

32
Q

Cruciate ligaments limit medial rotation of femur to….. and lateral rotation to…..

A

10 degrees
40 degrees

33
Q

ACL attachments

A

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
Posterior part of medial side of lateral condyle of femur

34
Q

ACL limits

A

Rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during flexion

35
Q

ACL prevents (2)

A

Posterior displacement of femur on tibia
Hyperextension of knee

36
Q

PCL attachments (2)

A

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Anrerior part of lateral side of medial condyle of femur

37
Q

PCL limits

A

Rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during extension

38
Q

PCL prevents

A

Anterior displacement of femur on tibia
Hyperflexion of knee

39
Q

Function of menisci of knee joint

A

Deepens surface to provide passive joint stabilisation
Shock absorption

40
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursa

A

Between quadriceps and femur

41
Q

Where is the subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

A

Between apex of patella and skin

42
Q

Where is the infrapatellar bursa

A

Deep between tibia and patellar ligament
Superficial between patellar ligament and skin

43
Q

Where is the semimembranosus bursa

A

Between semimembranosus and gastrocnemius muscles

44
Q

10 vessels form…. around knee

A

peri-articular genicular anastomoses

45
Q

Middle genicular branches of popliteal artery supply

A

Cruciate ligaments, synovial membrane and peripheral

46
Q

What type of joint is the ankle

A

Hinge type synovial joint

47
Q

Bracket shaped socket made of tibiofibular ligaments is known as

A

A mortise

48
Q

3 lateral collateral ligaments

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament

49
Q

Medial collateral ligament proximal attachment (ankle)

A

Medial malleolus

50
Q

Medial collateral ligament distal attachment (ankle)

A

Talus (tibiotalar parts)
Calcaneus (tibiocalcaneal part)
Navicular (tibionavicular part)

51
Q

Function of lateral collateral ligament

A

Stabilises ankle during inversion

52
Q

Function of medial collateral ligament

A

Stabilises ankle during eversion and prevents subluxation

53
Q

Blood supply of ankle joint

A

Malleolar branches of fibular and anterior and posterior tibial arteries

54
Q

Nerve supply of ankle joint

A

Saphenous
Tibial
Sural
Superficial and deep fibular nerves

55
Q

Foot drop occurs due to…

A

Damaged peroneal nerve

56
Q

Terrible Triad

A

Cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Medial fibrocartilage meniscus

57
Q

Dislocation of knee is usually…..due to….

A

Anterior
Hyperextension of knee

58
Q

Dislocated knee damages

A

Popliteal artery

59
Q

ACL injuries occur when

A

Bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight

60
Q

Total knee replacement involves

A

Distal end of femur
Proximal end of tibia
Posterior surface of patella

61
Q

What is Housemaid’s knee

A

Prepatellar bursitis

62
Q

What is Clergyman’s knee

A

Infrapatellar bursitis

63
Q

What is a bakers cyst

A

Popliteal cyst

64
Q

Cause of prepatellar bursitis

A

Excessive and repeated friction between skin and patella (kneeling)

65
Q

Cause of infrapatellar bursitis

A

Excessive friction betwen skin and tibial tuberosity

66
Q

What is a popliteal cyst and what is its cause

A

Fluid filled sacs in synovial membrane in popliteal fossa region
Usually a complication of chronic knee joint effusion

67
Q

How does tibiofibular syndesmosis injury occur

A

Dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle with internal rotation of tibia

68
Q

Radiography criteria for tibiofibular syndesmosis injury

A

Widening of tibiofibular clear space to <6mm

69
Q

What is the most vulnerable ankle ligament

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

Anatomy (17 decks)

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