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Anatomy > 11: Bones, ligaments and joints of the pelvic girdle and thigh > Flashcards

11: Bones, ligaments and joints of the pelvic girdle and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of lower limb

A

Carries heavy load of torso above
Exerts large forces
Resists large forces

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2
Q

Movements of hip

A

Flexion + extension
Adduction + abduction
Internal + external
Rotation
Circumduction

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3
Q

Movements of knee

A

Flexion + extension

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4
Q

Movements of ankle

A

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

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5
Q

Movements of foot

A

Inversion and eversion

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6
Q

Movements of toes

A

Flexion + extension

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7
Q

Anteriorly each hip is joined at the

A

Pubic symphysis

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8
Q

Posteriorly, each hip is joined at the

A

sacrum (sacroiliac joint)

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9
Q

3 bones of hip bone

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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10
Q

In children the 3 hip bones are held together by

A

Triradiate cartilage

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11
Q

Socket in hip

A

Acetabulum

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12
Q

Ball

A

Head of femur

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13
Q

Learn hip bone features

A
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14
Q

Ligament at inferior part of acetabulum is

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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15
Q

Features of male pelvis

A

General structure: pelvis is heavy + thick
Pelvic brim: smaller + heart shaped
Pubic arch: angle is smaller <90°
Distance between ischial spines is less

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16
Q

Features of female pelvis

A

General structure: thin + light
Pelvic brim: larger + more oval
Pubic arch: bigger angle > 100
Distance between ischial spines is greater

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17
Q

How many vertebra in the sacrum

A

5

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18
Q

Bones in sacroiliac joints

A

Sacrum + iliac bones

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19
Q

Learn features of sacrum

A
20
Q

What does the femur articulate with proximally

A

Acetabulum

21
Q

What does the femur articulate with distally

A

Tibial plateau

22
Q

Auricular surface of each ilium articulates with

A

Iliac surface of sacrum

23
Q

Learn features of femur

A
24
Q

The femur is prone to…. fractures

A

Comminuted

25
Q

What is another name for the hip joint

A

Acetabulofemoral joint

25
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

Atypical plane synovial joint

25
Q

Head of femur is covered in…. except

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fovea

26
Q

….surface of acetabulum is covered with…

A

Lunate
Hyaline cartilage

27
Q

Acetabulum is deepened by

A

Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum ( bowl looking thing)

28
Q

Acetabular fossa contains

A

Fat

29
Q

…. Ligament completes socket inferiorly

A

Transverse acetabular

30
Q

Extracapsular ligaments of the acetabulofemoral joint

A

lliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

31
Q

Function of iliofemoral ligament

A

Limits hip extension

32
Q

Function of pubofemoral ligament

A

Limits hip abduction and extension

33
Q

Function of ischiofemoral ligament

A

Limits hip extension (spiral fibers)

34
Q

Intracapsular ligaments of acetabulofemoral joint

A

Ligamentum Teres (capitis)

35
Q

Functions of ligamentum teres

A

Passes from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head
Carries a small branch from the obturator artery (foveolar artery)
Provides arterial supply to head of femur

36
Q

Other name for artery of ligamentum

A

Foveolar artery

37
Q

Learn ant and post surface anatomy of the pelvic girdle

A
38
Q

Hip dislocation

A

A force from anterior, applied along the longitudinal axis of femur, can push it posteriorly out of the acetabulum

39
Q

Posterior dislocation of the femur can damage

A

The sciatic nerve

40
Q

Hip fracture =

A

Fracture of femoral neck

41
Q

AVN of femoral head

A

Vessels severed along fractured femoral neck
Artery of ligamentum teres does not provide enough supply to femoral head
Femoral head becomes ischaemic then necrotic

42
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative disease where joint cartilage breaks down and bone starts to grind onbone

43
Q

Joint repair of the hip

A

Hip arthroplasty

Anatomy (17 decks)

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