11: Bones, ligaments and joints of the pelvic girdle and thigh Flashcards
Functions of lower limb
Carries heavy load of torso above
Exerts large forces
Resists large forces
Movements of hip
Flexion + extension
Adduction + abduction
Internal + external
Rotation
Circumduction
Movements of knee
Flexion + extension
Movements of ankle
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Movements of foot
Inversion and eversion
Movements of toes
Flexion + extension
Anteriorly each hip is joined at the
Pubic symphysis
Posteriorly, each hip is joined at the
sacrum (sacroiliac joint)
3 bones of hip bone
Ilium, ischium, pubis
In children the 3 hip bones are held together by
Triradiate cartilage
Socket in hip
Acetabulum
Ball
Head of femur
Learn hip bone features
Ligament at inferior part of acetabulum is
Transverse acetabular ligament
Features of male pelvis
General structure: pelvis is heavy + thick
Pelvic brim: smaller + heart shaped
Pubic arch: angle is smaller <90°
Distance between ischial spines is less
Features of female pelvis
General structure: thin + light
Pelvic brim: larger + more oval
Pubic arch: bigger angle > 100
Distance between ischial spines is greater
How many vertebra in the sacrum
5
Bones in sacroiliac joints
Sacrum + iliac bones
Learn features of sacrum
What does the femur articulate with proximally
Acetabulum
What does the femur articulate with distally
Tibial plateau
Auricular surface of each ilium articulates with
Iliac surface of sacrum
Learn features of femur
The femur is prone to…. fractures
Comminuted
What is another name for the hip joint
Acetabulofemoral joint
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint
Atypical plane synovial joint
Head of femur is covered in…. except
Hyaline cartilage
Fovea
….surface of acetabulum is covered with…
Lunate
Hyaline cartilage
Acetabulum is deepened by
Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum ( bowl looking thing)
Acetabular fossa contains
Fat
…. Ligament completes socket inferiorly
Transverse acetabular
Extracapsular ligaments of the acetabulofemoral joint
lliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Function of iliofemoral ligament
Limits hip extension
Function of pubofemoral ligament
Limits hip abduction and extension
Function of ischiofemoral ligament
Limits hip extension (spiral fibers)
Intracapsular ligaments of acetabulofemoral joint
Ligamentum Teres (capitis)
Functions of ligamentum teres
Passes from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femoral head
Carries a small branch from the obturator artery (foveolar artery)
Provides arterial supply to head of femur
Other name for artery of ligamentum
Foveolar artery
Learn ant and post surface anatomy of the pelvic girdle
Hip dislocation
A force from anterior, applied along the longitudinal axis of femur, can push it posteriorly out of the acetabulum
Posterior dislocation of the femur can damage
The sciatic nerve
Hip fracture =
Fracture of femoral neck
AVN of femoral head
Vessels severed along fractured femoral neck
Artery of ligamentum teres does not provide enough supply to femoral head
Femoral head becomes ischaemic then necrotic
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative disease where joint cartilage breaks down and bone starts to grind onbone
Joint repair of the hip
Hip arthroplasty
