2: Bones, ligaments + joints of pectoral girdle Flashcards
condyle
Rounded protuberance at end of bone, forming an articulation with another bone
Crest
A bone edge’s raised part
Epicondyle
Protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone
Facet
Smooth, flat, circumscribed surface
Fissure
Open slit in bone
Foramen
Hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass
Fossa
Shallow depression on bone surface
Groove
Narrow channel
Line
Long, thin projection often with a roughsurtale
Malleolus
Bony protuberance on either side of ankle
Meatus
Tube-like channel that extends within bone
Process
Bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone
Protuberance
Protruding part of bone
Ramus
Curved part that gives structural support to rest of bone
Trochanter
Rough prominence for muscle attachment
Tubercle
Small rounded prominence where connective tissues attach
Periosteum
Tough fibrous sheath that covers bone tethered to bone by Sharpey’s fibers
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
A joint or articulation is….
Point of contact between
2 + bones
Cartilage + bone
Teeth + bone
Classification of joints by structure
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous joints
No synovial cavity
Articulating bones held together with cartilage
Little/no movement
Examples of fibrous joints
Sutures, syndesmoses, interosseus membranes
Sutures
Dense fibrous connective tissue, e.g suture in skull
Syndesmoses
Dense fibrous connective tissue ++
Immovable
E.g. Gomphosis
Interosseus membrane
Broad sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
E.g. Between radius + ulna
Cartilaginous joints
No synovial cavity
Articulating bones held together with cartilage
Little / no movement
Synchondroses
Made of hyaline cartilage (no movement)
E.g epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joint
Symphyses
Fibrocartilage (some movement)
Big. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
Synovial joints
Designed to articulate for movement
Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage lines + cushions bone surfaces
Held together by ligaments
Outer joint capsule lined by layer of synovium
Synarthrosis
Immovable
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable
Clavicle articulates with…
Sternum medially and scapula laterally
Rough inferior surface of clavicle has… (4)
An impression for costoclavicular ligament
Groove for subclavius
Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
Weakest point of clavicle
Junction between medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3
Where does scapula sit
On posterior thorax at level of 2nd to 7th ribs
What does the scapula articulate with
Clavicle at acromioclavicular joint
Humerus at glenohumeral joint
What does the humerus articulate with
Scapula proximally at glenohumeral joint
Bones of the forearm distally, ulna medially, radius laterally
Sternoclavicular joint
Articulation between clavicle, sternum + 1st costal cartilage
Shape of sternoclavicular joint
Atypical saddle shaped synovial joint
Features of sternoclavicular joint
Joint capsule with inner synovium
Synovial fluid
Fibrocartilaginous disc
Ligaments of sternoclavicular joint (4)
Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Acromioclavicular joint
Articulation between lateral clavicle + acromion of scapula
Shape of acromioclavicular joint
Atypical plane synovial joint
Features of acromioclavicular joint
Joint capsule with inner synovium
Synovial fluid
Fibrocartilaginous wedge-shaped disc
Bony surfaces lined with fibrocartilage
AC joint is stabilized by….
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament is made of
Conoid ligament
Trapezoid ligament
AC ligament function
Counteracts rotator forces from weight of arm
Glenohumeral joint
Ball and socket synovial joint
GH joint is passively reinforced by
Glenoid labrum and joint ligaments
GH joint is actively reinforced by
Rotator cuff muscles
Passive stabilizer ligaments of GH joint
GH ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracoacromial arch
Bursa
A bubble of synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid, acts as a soft cushion preventing bone pressing against bone
