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Anatomy > 17: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg and popliteal fossa > Flashcards

17: Musculo-neuro-vascular systems of the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg and popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa?

A

Back of the knee

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2
Q

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Semimembranosus
Biceps femoirs (LH)
Gastrocnemius (medial + lateral heads)

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3
Q

Floor of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal surface of femur
Oblique popliteal ligament
Popliteus and popliteal fascia

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4
Q

Roof of the popliteal fossa

A

Skin + fasciae lata

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5
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa

A

Superficial
Small saphenous vein

Intermediate
Tibial nerve
Common fibula (peroneal) nerve

Deep
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein

Fat + lymphatic tissue

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6
Q

What are leg muscles and bones covered by?

A

Crural fascia

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7
Q

Where is crural fascia attached

A

Patellar ligament
Tibial tuberosity
Tibial condyles
Head of fibula

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8
Q

Anteriorly crural fascia blends with…

A

periosteum covering shin

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9
Q

The leg is divided into 3 compartments by…

A

anterior intramuscular septa
posterior intramuscular septa
interosseous membrane

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10
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
Fibularis tertius

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11
Q

Anterior compartment of leg is innervated by…

A

Deep fibular

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12
Q

What are the extensor retinacula of the anterior compartment

A

thickened bands of crural fascia

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13
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum is… shaped

A

Y

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14
Q

Origin of tibialis anterior (3)

A

lateral tibial condyle
antero-supero-lateral surface of tibia
interosseus membrane

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15
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior

A

medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform
base of 1st metatarsal

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16
Q

Innervation of tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve

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17
Q

Actions of tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes ankle
inverts foot

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18
Q

Origin of extensor digitorum longus

A

lateral tibial condyle
superior anterior fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane

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19
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus

A

4 slips which insert into middle and distal phalanges

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20
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus

A

Deep fibular nerve

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21
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

A

extends digits 2-5
dorsiflexes ankle

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22
Q

What are extensor expansions

A

triangular shaped expansions over MTP joints

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23
Q

What inserts into extensor expansions

A

extensor digitorum longus
foot lumbricals
foot interossei

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24
Q

Origin of extensor digitorum longus

A

middle 1/2 of anterior fibula
adjacent interosseus membrane

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25
Q

Insertion of extensor hallucis longus

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of digit 1

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26
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus

A

deep fibular nerve

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27
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

A

extends digit 1
dorsiflexes ankle

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28
Q

Origin of fibularis tertius

A

Inferior 1/3 of anterior fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane

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29
Q

Insertion of fibularis tertius

A

dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal

30
Q

Innervation of fibularis tertius

A

deep fibular nerve

31
Q

Actions of fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexes ankle
aids with foot eversion

32
Q

What are the posterior compartment of the leg superficial muscles

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

33
Q

All posterior compartment of the leg superficial muscles are innervated by

A

tibial nerve

34
Q

All posterior compartment of the leg superficial muscles insert into

A

achilles tendon

35
Q

Origin of lateral head of gastrocnemius

A

lateral condyle of femur

36
Q

Origin of medial head of gastrocnemius

A

popliteal surface of femur

37
Q

Insertion of gastrocnemius

A

achilles tendon

38
Q

Innervation of gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve

39
Q

Actions of gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexes ankle
raises heel during walking
flexes knee

40
Q

Origin of soleus

A

posterior head and prox. 1/4 of posterior fibula
soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia

41
Q

Insertion of soleus

A

achilles tendon

42
Q

Innervation of soleus

A

tibial nerve

43
Q

Actions of soleus

A

plantarflexes ankle
stabilises leg

44
Q

Origin of plantaris

A

lat. supracondylar line of femur
oblique popliteal ligament

45
Q

Insertion of plantaris

A

achilles tendon

46
Q

Innervation of plantaris

A

tibial nerve

47
Q

Actions of plantaris

A

weakly assists with plantar flexion of ankle

48
Q

Posterior compartment deep muscles of leg

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

49
Q

Posterior ankle tendons

A

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
posterior tibial Artery
posterior tibial Vein
tibial Nerve
flexor Hallucis longus
(Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry)

50
Q

Origin of popliteus

A

lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus

51
Q

Insertion of popliteus

A

posterior tibial surface, superior to soleal line

52
Q

Innervation of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

53
Q

Actions of popliteus

A

weakly flexes knee
unlocks a fully extended knee
externally rotates femur by about 5 degrees on tibial plateau

54
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A

posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line
posterior fibula
adjacent interosseus membrane

55
Q

Insertion of tibialis posterior

A

Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
Bases of metatarsals 2-4

56
Q

Innervation of tibialis posterior

A

Tibial nerve

57
Q

Actions of tibialis posterior

A

plantarflexes ankle
inverts foot

58
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

medial part of posterior tibial surface, inferior to soleal line

59
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

base of distal phalanges 2-5

60
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

61
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum longus

A

flexes digits 2-5
plantarflexes ankle
supports longitudinal arches

62
Q

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

A

inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula + adjacent interoseous membrane

63
Q

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of big toe

64
Q

Innervation of flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve

65
Q

Actions of flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes digit 1
weakly plantarflexes ankle
supports medial longitudinal arch

66
Q

Popliteal artery divides into

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

67
Q

After passing inferior extensor retinaculum, anterior tibial artery becomes known as…

A

dorsalis pedis artery

68
Q

Arterial pulses of lower limb

A

Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis

69
Q

Cause of varicose veins

A

failure of valves in superficial venous systems (great saphenous area and small saphenous area)

70
Q

Symptoms of varicose veins

A

Pain, itching, swelling, bleeding

71
Q

what drains medial superficial leg

A

great saphenous vein (drains into femoral vein)

72
Q

what drains lateral superficial leg

A

small saphenous vein (drains into popliteal vein)

Anatomy (17 decks)

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