8 FRIENDS + PEERS Flashcards
1
Q
other ppl who all share salient characteristic/status (not necessarily friends)
A
PEERS
2
Q
ppl who have developed a valued/mutual relationship which provides emotional + personal support/companionship
A
FRIENDS
3
Q
ados trust their ___‘S advice on SOCIAL ACTIVITIES + trust their ___‘S advice on CAREERS/EDUCATIONAL GOALS
A
FRIEND’S; PARENTS’
4
Q
4TH GRADE: ___ = main source of support
A
PARENTS
5
Q
7TH GRADE: ___ + ___ = equally main sources of support
A
SAME-GENDER FRIENDS + PARENTS
6
Q
10TH GRADE: ___ = main source of support
A
SAMGE-GENDER FRIENDS
7
Q
COLLEGE: ___ = main source of support
A
ROMANTIC PARTNERS
8
Q
TRAD CULTURES: GIRLS spend more time w ___ + BOYS spend more time w ___/___
A
OTHER FEMALE FAM MEMBERS; PEERS/FRIENDS
9
Q
most distinctive feature of ADO friendships compared w friendships in LATE CHILDHOOD = ___
A
INTIMACY
10
Q
degree to which 2 ppl share personal knowledge/thoughts/feelings
A
INTIMACY
11
Q
- development of SELF-IDENTITY
- development of INTIMACY
A
ERIKSON’S 2 KEY CHALLENGES/TASKS OF ADOS/EAS
12
Q
- FIRST STAGE: friends = valued for ways they help meet SELF-INTERESTS
- SECOND STAGE: friends = valued for companionship
- THIRD STAGE: friends share mutual concerns + give deeper emotional support + understanding
A
3 STAGES OF DIFF FRIEND VALUES OVER TIME
13
Q
- ados INCR COMPLEX THINKING/ABSTRACT UNDERSTANDING/PERSPECTIVE-TAKING
- more complex views of friendship
- rate LOYALTY/TRUST/FEELINGS OF AFFECTION as MORE important than in childhood
- aware of more personal aspects of friends
A
QUALITY OF CHANGE FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADO
14
Q
- intimacy involves sharing more thoughts/feelings + fewer activities
- more likely to have OTHER-SEX friendships
- importance of friendships DECLINES as romantic relationships develop
A
QUALITY OF CHANGE FROM ADO TO EMERGING ADULTHOOD
15
Q
INTIMACY for ___ involves more SELF0DISCLOSURE + sharing of THOUGHTS/FEELINGS
A
GIRLS
16
Q
INTIMACY for ___ involves sharing EXPERIENCES
A
BOYS
17
Q
- SIMILARITIES
- ETHNICITY
- SEXUAL ORIENTATION
A
3 KEY REASONS FOR CHOOSING FRIENDS
18
Q
more accurate term for PEER PRESSURE for social effects ados experience
A
FRIENDS’ INFLUENCE
19
Q
term for social effects from other ados
A
PEER PRESSURE
20
Q
pressure to think/act like one’s friends
A
FRIENDS’ INFLUENCE
21
Q
- type that ENCOURAGES risk bhvr
- type that DISCOURAGES risk bhvr + supports them emotionally
A
2 TYPES OF FRIENDS’ INFLUENCE
22
Q
FRIENDS’ INFLUENCE = ___ in EARLY ADO, ___ in MID-TEENS + ___ in LATE ADO
A
STRENGTHENED; PEAKS; DECLINES
23
Q
principle that most ppl tend to choose friends who = SIMILAR to themselves
A
SELECTIVE ASSOCIATION
24
Q
- UNCERTAIN of social identity
- have LOW self-esteem/HIGH anxiety
- in presence of someone they perceive as HIGHER STATUS
A
3 REASONS ADOS = MORE LIKELY TO CONFORM TO FRIENDS’ INFLUENCE
25
1. INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT
2. INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT
3. COMPANIONSHIP SUPPORT
4. ESTEEM SUPPORT
BERNDT'S 4 TYPES OF SUPPORT FRIENDS MAY PROVIDE TO EACH OTHER IN ADO
26
FRIEND SUPPORT that involves ADVICE + prob-solving guidance
INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT
27
FRIEND SUPPORT that involves helping w TASKS of various kinds
INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT
28
FRIEND SUPPORT that involves reliance on each other as companions in SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
COMPANIONSHIP SUPPORT
29
FRIEND SUPPORT that involves CONGRATULATING each other for success + providing CONSOLATION for failure
ESTEEM SUPPORT
30
small group of friends who know each other well, do things together + form regular social group
CLIQUES
31
CLIQUES = defined by ___ ___
SHARED ACTIVITIES
32
EARLY ADO: CLIQUE membership = ___
FLUID
33
OVER ADO: CLIQUE membership = more ___
STABLE
34
ONCE CLIQUES = STABLE: ___ ___ form both within cliques + btwn them
STATUS HIERARCHIES
35
larger REPUTATION-BASED groups of ados who are NOT necessarily friends + do NOT necessarily spend much time together
CROWDS
36
CROWDS = defined by ___
REPUTATION
37
to help ados locate selves + others within HS social structures + define their identities
FUNCTION OF CROWDS
38
CROWD acceptance = ___ important in EARLY ADO than in LATE ADO
MORE IMPORTANT
39
LATE ADO: CROWD acceptance = LESS important bc of INCR need for ___/___ + GREATER certainty of ___-___
AUTONOMY/INDIVIDUALITY; SELF-IDENTITY
40
crowd recognized as having HIGHEST SOCIAL STATUS in school
ELITES (POPULARS/PREPPIES)
41
SPORT-ORIENTED crowd of students who = members of at least 1 sports team
ATHLETES (JOCKS)
42
crowd known for striving for GOOD GRADES + being SOCIALLY INEPT
ACADEMICS (BRAINS/NERDS/GEEKS)
43
crowd that = ALIENATED from school social envmt + suspected by other students of using ILLICIT DRUGS + engaging in other RISKY ACTIVITIES
DEVIANTS (DRUGGIES/BURNOUTS)
44
crowd of students who do NOT stand out in any particular way, neither positively/negatively + are mostly IGNORED by other students
OTHERS (NORMALS/NOBODIES)
45
ELITES = ___ social acceptance + ___ on risk bhvrs/school performance
HIGHEST; IN BTWN
46
ACADEMICS = ___ in risk bhvrs + ___ in school performance
LOWER; HIGHEST
47
DEVIANTS = ___ in risk bhvrs + ___ in school performance
HIGHEST; LOWEST
48
CROWD DEFN = V IMPORTANT for ___ cultures but ADO CROWDS/CLIQUES = IRRELEVANT for __ cultures
WESTERN; TRAD
49
ERIKSON: teens who are UNCERTAIN bt who they are use __ + ___ against other teens
SARCASM + RIDICULE
50
GAVIN + FURMAN: __ + __ _= included in ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTIONS
SARCASM + RIDICULE
51
interactions common in early-mid ado that = directed both at members within group/outside group that promote DOMINANCE hierarchy + that bring NONCONFORMIST group members into line
ANTAGONISTIC INTERATIONS
52
form of NONPHYSICAL aggression that harms others by damaging their RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONAL AGGRESSION
53
excluding others socially/spreading rumours/gossiping
EXAMPLES OF RELATIONAL AGGRESSION
54
ADO BOYS use ___ AGGRESSION + ADO GIRLS use ___ AGGRESSION
PHYSICAL; RELATIONAL
55
1. SOCIAL COGNITION
2. SOCIAL COMPETENCE
3. SOCIAL SKILLS
3 ATTRIBUTES OF MORE POPULAR ADOS
56
ados w HIGH ___ ___ = better at understanding how groups work
SOCIAL COGNITION
57
ados w HIGH ___ ___ can use social skills to facilitate good social interactions
SOCIAL COMPETENCE
58
ados w GOOD ___ ___ respond well to others' bhvr by listening/helping/speaking up for others/showing willingness to work on social relationships
SOCIAL SKILLS
59
method for assessing POPULARITY/UNPOPULARITY that involves having students RATE SOCIAL STATUS of other students
SOCIOMETRY
60
qualities most often assoc w POPULARITY/UNPOPULARITY that = skills for handling social relations + getting along well w others
SOCIAL SKILLS
61
POPULAR
2. REJECTERD
3. NEGLECTED
4. CONTROVERSIAL
4 TYPES OF SOCIOMETRIC STATUS
62
ados who are ACTIVELY LIKED by peers + rarely DISLIKED w HIGH SOCIABILITY
POPULAR
63
ados who are ACTIVELY DISLIKED by peers + are ANTISOCIAL
REJECTED
64
ados who have FEW/NO friends + are largely UNNOTICED by their peers w FEW SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
NEGLECTED
65
ados who = AGGRESSIVE but also possess SOCIAL SKILLS so they evoke strong POSITIVE + NEGATIVE emotions from peers
CONTROVERSIAL
66
POPULARITY = ___ from childhood to emerging adulthood based on ados SOCIAL COMPETENCE + SOCIAL SKILLS
CONSISTENT
67
1. qualities that contribute to POP/UNPOPULARITY = STABLE (intelligence/aggressiveness)
2. popoularity/unpopularity both have SELF-PERPETUATING quality (both = reinforced in everyday lives
2 REASONS WHY POPULARITY = CONSISTENT FROM CHILDHOOD TO EMERGING ADULTHOOD
68
interpretation of others' bhvr/intentions in a social interaction
SOCIAL INFO PROCESSING
69
aggressive assertion of power by one person over another
BULLYING
70
1. AGGRESSION
2. REPETITION
3. POWER IMBALANCE
3 COMPONENTS TO BULLYING
71
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: prevalence of bullying ___
RISES
72
EARLY ADO: prevalence of bulling ___
PEAKS
73
LATE ADO: prevalence of bullying ___ ___
DECLINES SUBSTANTIALLY
74
1. headaches/backaches
2. difficulty sleeping
3. loneliness/helplessness
4. anxiety
5. unhappiness
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF BULLYING VICTIMS ON ADO'S DEVMT
75
ppl who are socially ISOLATED, have pOOR social skills + are AVOIDED/REJECTED by peers
VICTIMS
76
___-STATUS ados try to ASSERT/MAINTAIN their status
HIGH
77
___-STATUS ados go along w bullying by HIGH-STATUS bullies to avoid being a victim
MIDDLE
78
___-STATUS ados look for victims who are of LOWER status than they are
LOW
79
___% of bullies = ALSO VICTIMS
25%
80
1. bullies believe intimidation gains them RESPECT
2. attempt to gain sense of CONTROL/COMPENSATE for ABSENCE of control they may have at home
3. schools contribute by iGNORING + taking passive "BOYS WILL BE BOYS" stance
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO BULLYING
81
1. bullies = AVOIDED by others + live in SOCIAL ISOLATION
2. prevented from learning SOCIAL SKILLS
2. may end up as CRIMINALS bc cant function in society
CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING
82
bullying via electronic means (internet)
CYBERBULLYING
83
culture of young ppl as a whole, separate from children + separate from adult society, characterized by HEDONISM + IRRESPONSIBILITY
YOUTH CULTURE
84
pleasure-seeking
HEDONISM
85
postponement of adult responsibilities
IRRESPONSIBILITY
86
values of YOUTH = ___ values of ADULT society
INVERSE
87
1. regular routine
2. delay of gratification
3. acceptance of responsibilities
3 VALUE SOF ADULT SOCIETY
88
the distinguishing feats of YOUTH CULTURE
STYLE
89
1. IMAGE
2. DEMEANOR
3. ARGOT
BRAKE'S 3 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS (ASPECTS OF STYLE) OF YOUTH CULTURE
90
YOUTH CULTURE ASPECT OF STYLE: dress/jewelry/hairstyle
IMAGE
91
YOUTH CULTURE ASPECT OF STYLE: gesture/gait/posture
DEMEANOR
92
YOUTH CULTURE ASPECT OF STYLE: vocab/way of speaking
ARGOT
93
do all ados participate in YOUTH CULTURE?
NO
94
MATZA + SYKES believed that OYUTH CULTURE = based on ___ VALUES such as HEDONISM/ADVENTURE/ EXCITEMENT
SUBTERRANEAN
95
1 condition necessary for devmt of YOUTH CULTURE
PLURALISITIC SOCIETY
96
society broad enough in its socialization that it condones a HIGH degree of VARIABILITY among indivs/groups including bhvr/beliefs that depart form societal norms
PLURALISTIC SOCIETY
97
YOUTH CULTURE = most attractive to indivs who are ___ ___
SENSATION SEEKERS
98
1. POSTFIGURATIVE CULTURES
2. CONFIGURATIVE CULTURES
3. PRECONFIGURATIVE CULTURES
MEAD'S 3 TYPES OF CULTURES RELATED TO TECH CHANGE
99
trad cultures in which PARENTS pass on knowledge/skills/values to children + rate of tech change = SLOW
POSTCONFIGURATIVE CULTURES
100
cultures in which young ppl learn from PARENTS + OTHER OYUNG PPL + skills important to the economy CHANGE from gen to gen
CONFIGURATIVE CULTURES
101
cultures in which YOUNG PPL teach PARENTS + tech changes = VERY FAST
PRECONFIGURATIVE CULTURES
