6 THE SELF Flashcards
1
Q
the way one views/evaluates one’s own particular traits/attitudes/abilities/roles
A
SELF-CONCEPT
2
Q
YOUNG CHILDREN: SELF-CONCEPT = based on ___ ___ + ___
A
PHYSICAL TRAITS + BHVR
3
Q
W INCR SELF-AWARENESS: older children add on __ __ + __ __ to their SELF-CONCEPT
A
PSYCH TRAITS + SOCIAL STATUS
4
Q
W MORE COMPLEX SELF AWARENESS: ados add on ___ + ___ to their SELF-CONCEPT
A
ABSTRACTIONS + CONTRADICTIONS
5
Q
- CONTEXT
- POSSIBILITY
- IMPRESSIONS
- PERSONALITY
A
4 THINGS THAT MATTER IN SELF-CONCEPTIONS
6
Q
person’s perception of the self as it IS (contrasted w POSSIBLE SELF)
A
ACTUAL SELF
7
Q
person’s conception of self as it POTENTIALLY MAY BE (includes IDEAL + FEARED SELVES)
A
POSSIBLE SELF
8
Q
self an ado would LIKE TO BE
A
IDEAL SELF
9
Q
self a person imagines is POSSIBLE to become but DREADS becoming
A
FEARED SELF
10
Q
ados may become aware of ___ btwn ACTUAL + IDEAL SELF which can results in feelings of FAILURE/INADEQUACY/DEPRESSION
A
DISCREPANCY
11
Q
awareness of ACTUAL/POSSIBLE SELVES provides ado w ___ to strive toward IDEAL SELF + avoid becoming FEARED SELF
A
MOTIVATION
12
Q
self a person may present to others while realizing that it does nOT represent wat he/she = ACTUALLY thinking/feelings
A
FALSE SELF
13
Q
enduring personal characteristics of indivs
A
PERSONALITY
14
Q
- OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
- CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
- EXTRAVERSION
- AGREEABLENESS
- NEUROTICISM
A
BIG 5 FACTORS (CORE PERSONALITY TRAITS)
15
Q
personality type characterized by IMAGINATION + INSIGHT
A
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
16
Q
personality type characterized by tendency to show SELF-DISCIPLINE/HIGH levels of thoughtfulness/good impulse control/goal-directed bhvrs
A
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
17
Q
personality type characterized by tendency to seek out SOCIAL STIMULATION + opps to engage w others
A
EXTRAVERSION
18
Q
personality type characterized by trust/kindness/affection/prosocial bhvr
A
AGREEABLENESS
19
Q
personality type characterized by anxiety/irritability/moodiness
A
NEUROTICISM
20
Q
___ = BEST PREDICTOR of:
- HIGHER quality friendships
- BETTER acceptance by peers
- academic ACHIEVEMENT for ados
A
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
21
Q
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS + AGREEABLENESS ___ in EARLY ADO + ___ again in LATE ADO/EA
A
DECR; INCR
22
Q
overall sense of person’s WORTH/WELL-BEING
A
SELF-ESTEEM
23
Q
- greater peer-orientation
- greater self-consciousness abt evaluations by peers
- peers potentially harsh evaluations
A
3 THINGS THAT DECLINE SELF-ESTEEM IN EARLY ADO
24
Q
LATE ADO/EA: SELF-ESTEEM ___ as peer evaluations become LESS important
A
INCR
25
person's stable, enduring sense of worth/wellbeing
BASELINE SELF-ESTEEM
26
fluctuating sense of worth/wellbeing pop has as they respond to diff thoughts/feelings/experiences/ interactions
BAROMETRIC SELF-ESTEEM
27
1. SCHOLASTIC COMPETENCE
2. SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE
3. ATHLETIC COMPETENCE
4. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
5. JOB COMPETENCE
6. ROMANTIC APPEAL
7. BHVRL CONDUCT
8. CLOSE FRIENDSHIP
8 DOMAINS OF SELF-ESTEEM (SUSAN HARTER)
28
1. SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE FROM PEERS
2. SATISFACTION W PHYSICAL APPEARANCE/BODY IMAGE
2 MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF SELF-ESTEEM IN ADO
29
ado girls = MORE likely to emphasize __ __ as basis for SELF-ESTEEM
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
30
ado boys have generally ___ levels of SE than girls
HIGHER
31
- parents provide LOVE/ENCOURAGEMENT
- peers are SUPPORTIVE
- teachers give ados knowledge/skills needed to feel COMPETENT in what they're trying to achieve
CAUSES FOR HIGH SELF-ESTEEM
32
- parents = DENIGRATING/INDIFFERENT
- peers RIDICULE/TEASE
CAUSES FOR LOW SELF-ESTEEM
33
__ SELF-ESTEEM in fam/school domains + ___ SELF-ESTEEM in peer relationships = assoc w RISK BHVRS
LOW; HIGH
34
when SELF-ESTEEM = too HIGH + causes an ARROGANT/GRANDIOSE/UNWARRANTED sense of SUPERIORITY over others
INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM
35
1. biological changes
2. cog changes
3. number of personal/life transitions
3 THINGS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO EMOTIONAL VOLATILITY
36
pt of brain for EMOTIONS
AMYGDALA
37
pt of brain for REASONING/PLANNING
FRONTAL LOBES
38
1. SOCIAL LONELINESS
2. EMOTIONAL LONELINESS
2 TYPES OF LONELINESS
39
type of loneliness that occurs when ppl feel they LACK sufficient number of SOCIAL CONTACTS/RELATIONSHIPS
SOCIAL LONELINESS
40
type of loneliness that occurs when ppl feel that the relationship they have LACKS sufficient CLOSENESS/INTIMACY
EMOTIONAL LONELINESS
40
EMERGING ADULTHOOD = period when time spent alone especially ___
HIGH
41
indiv's perceptions of:
- their characteristics
- their abilities/beliefs
- their values/relations w others
- how their lives fit into world around them
IDENTITY
42
aspects of self that give us sense of UNIQUENESS/INDIVIDUALITY/SAMENESS/BELONGING
SELF-IDENTITY
43
- career choice
- rlgs/moral identity
- political identity
- social/gender roles
THINGS THAT ADO SELF-IDENTITY INFLUENCES
44
one of most influential scholars on ado devmt/identity issues who came up w PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF HUMAN DEVMT
ERIK ERIKSON
45
theory that devmt occurs thru 8 stages + each stage of life = characterized by a distinct DEVMTL ISSUE/CRISIS that must be OVERCOME to have HEALTHY devmt
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
46
most important stage of PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY for ADO
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
47
most important stage of PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY for EA
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
48
IDENTITY ROLE VS CONFUSION stage = important for 12-18 age group bc primary goal during this period to establish beginnings of ___ ___-___
ADULT SELF-IDENTITY
49
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION stage = important for 19-25 age group bc primary goal during this period = to develop ___ ___
INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
50
1. IDENTIFICATIONS
2. PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM
2 KEY PROCESSES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO IDENTITY FORMATION
51
relationships formed w others (esp in childhood) in which LOVE for another person leads sent o want to BE LIKE that person
IDENTIFICATIONS
52
period during ado when adult responsibilities = POSTPONED as young ppl try on various possible selves
PSYCHOSOCIAL MORATORIUM
53
1. LOVE
2. WORK
3. IDEOLOGY
3 PRINCIPLE AREAS OF IDENTITY FORMATION FOR ADOS/EMERGING ADULTS
54
___ = part of identity formation bc during process u get clearer sense of self thru intimate interactions
LOVE
55
___ = part of identity formation bc trying out various jobs/majors helps give clearer sense of wat u enjoy/wat ur good at
WORK
56
___ = part of identity formation bc trying out rlgs/political beliefs by learning abt/participants in them clarify how u wish to live
IDEOLOGY
57
LOVE/WORK/IDEOLOGY = identity characteristics in ___ societies in which INDIV CHOICE = supported
INDIVIDUALISTIC
58
identity based on wat a person has seen as portrayed as MOST UNDESIRABLE/DANGEROUS
NEGATIVE IDENTITY
59
1. EXPLORATION
2. COMMITMENT
2 PHASES OF PROCESS OF DEVELOPING SELF-IDENTITY
60
phase of developing SELF-IDENTITY in which ado:
- confronts aspects of self they may value/not value
- explores possibilities that this self-identity offers
- self- identity = UNSTABLE
- may be uncertain (IDENTITY CRISIS)
EXPLORATION
61
phase of developing SELF-IDENTITY in which ado:
- has come to tentative conclusions abt who they are
- has RESOLVED some uncertainty
- is now in better position to choose goals/make plans for future
COMMITMENT
62
intense period of struggle that ados may experience while forming identity
IDENTITY CRISIS
63
approach to conceptualizing/research IDENTITY devmt that classifies ppl into 1 of 4 IDENTITY CATEGORIES
IDENTITY STATUS MODEL
64
1. IDENTITY CONFUSION
2. IDENTITY MORATORIUM
3. IDENTITY FORECLOSURE
4. IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT
3 IDENTITY CATEGORY STATUSES
65
IDENTITY CATEGORY:
- NO EXPLORATION
- NO COMMITMENT
IDENTITY DIFFUSION
66
joey finished high school but he lives in his parents' basement w NO DESIRE to work/further education to get on w his life
EXAMPLE OF IDENTITY DIFFUSION
67
IDENTITY CATEGORY:
- YES EXPLORATION
- NO COMMITMENT
IDENTITY MORATORIUM
68
Alison has changed her uni major multiple times without committing to going in any one direction
EXAMPLE OF IDENTITY MORATORIUM
69
IDENTITY CATEGORY:
- NO EXPLORATION
- YES COMMITMENT
IDENTITY FORECLOSURE
70
Shaun has let his parents determine his career direction rather than thinking/acting to explore + make his own decision
EXAMPLE OF IDENTITY FORECLOSURE
71
IDENTITY CATEGORY:
- YES EXPLORATION
- YES COMMITMENT
IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT
72
Polly decides that she potentially wants to pursue a career in sciences, probably in engineering but she is open to architecture bc many of same skills from eng apply to arch
EXAMPLE OF IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT
73
IDENTITY ___/___ statuses = related to FAVOURABLE aspects of devmt + IDENTITY ___/___ statuses = related to LESS FAVOURABLE aspects of devmt
ACHIEVEMENT/MORATORIUM; DIFFUSION/FORECLOSURE
74
IDENTITY ___ = only reached in EMERGING ADULTHOOD
ACHIEVEMENT
75
sense of identity = determined largely by the choices/commitments made regarding certain personal/social traits
CORE IDEA OF IDENTITY STATUS MODEL
76
1. sexual orientation
2. set of values/ideals
3. vocational direction
3 THINGS INVOLVED IN IDENTITY
77
- identity stages = LESS PREDICTABLE than theory suggests
- identity = much LESS STABLE.UNITARY than ERIKSON'S model
- identity devmt does NOT proceed thru predictable set of stages
- identity = NOT formed by end of emerging adulthood
CRITIQUES OF IDENTITY THEORY
78
conception of identity as COMPLEX + as HIGHLY VARIABLE across contexts/time
POSTMODERN IDENTITY
79
ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVMT MDOEL = critiqued for being biased toward ___ devmt
MALE
80
central issue of young adulthood in which persons facing alternatives btwn COMMITTING selves to another person in INTIMATE relationship or become ISOLATED as consequence of inability to form an enduring intimate relationship
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
81
TRADITIONALLY: females have developed IDENTITY + INTIMACY ___ + males have developed them ___ (IDENTITY before INTIMACY)
SIMULTAENOUSLY; SEQUENTIALLY
82
WESTER CULTURES: ___ gender diffs in IDENTITY/INTIMACY patterns
NO
83
young ppl develop COMPLEX identities w elements from culture + global influences as a result of ___
GLOBALIZATION
84
1. BICULTURAL
2. ASSIMILATED
3. SEPARATED
4. MARGINAL
4 POSSIBLE ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUSES
85
IDENTITY STATUS:
- HIGH IDENTIFICATION W ETHNIC GROUP
- HIGH IDENTIFICATION W MAJORITY CULTURE
BICULTURAL ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
86
IDENTITY STATUS:
- LOW IDENTIFICATION W ETHNIC GROUP
- HIGH IDENTIFICATION W MAJORITY CULTURE
ASSIMILATED ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
87
IDENTITY STATUS:
- HIGH IDENTIFICATION W ETHNIC GROUP
- LOW IDENTIFICATION W MAJORITY CULTURE
SEPARATE ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
88
IDENTITY STATUS:
- LOW IDENTIFICATION W ETHNIC GROUP
- LOW IDENTIFICATION W MAJORITY CULTURE
MARGINAL ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
89
ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS in which person develops a DUAL IDENTITY: 1 based on ethnic group of origin + 1 based on majority culture
BICULTURAL ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
90
ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS in which person LEAVES BEHIND ethnic group + ADOPTS values of majority culture
ASSIMILATED ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
91
ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS in which person associates ONLY w members of ethnic group + REJECTS ways of majority culture
SEPARATED ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
92
ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS in which person REJECTS own ethnic group + also feels REJECTED by majority culture
MARGINAL ETHNIC IDENTITY STATUS
93
ados tend to be MORE AWARE of ethnic identity when in ___ group
MINORITY
94
1. MORE ados develop BICULTURAL IDENTITY (could also lead to HYBRID IDENTITY
2. INCR in MARGINALIZED IDENTITY (identity confusion) among ppl of trad cultures
INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION ON ETHNIC IDENTITY
95
INCR ___ promotes GLOBALIZATION
IMMIGRATION
96
identity that integrates elements of various cultures
HYBRID IDENTITY
