8 - Comparative Respiratory System Flashcards
Functions of the Respiratory System:
● Ventilation and gas exhange
● Phonation
● Olfaction
● Heat regulation
The respiratory system consists of the following parts/organs:
● Nasal cavity
● Pharynx
● Larynx
● Trachea
● Bronchi
● Lungs
The nasal cavity opens externally at the?
nostrils, or external nares
nostrils, or external nares communicates behind with the naso-pharynx through the?
posterior nares
What is common to the passage of food as well as air?
pharynx
What is the organ of voice. It also regulates the passage of air to and from the lungs.
larynx
What are permanently patent conducting tubes?
trachea and bronchi
What ventilate the body?
lungs
What is a cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face except the mandible?
nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is a cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face except the?
mandible
nasal cavity is divided into similar halves by the?
nasal septum
What bones project from the lateral walls and divide each half into:-
● dorsal nasal meatus,
● Middle nasal meatus ,
● ventral nasal meatus.
dorsal and ventral turbinate bones
The dorsal and ventral turbinate bones project from the lateral walls and divide each half into:-
● dorsal nasal meatus,
● middle nasal meatus ,
● ventral nasal meatus.
What is the only direct passage between the nostrils and pharynx?
ventral nasal meatus
What is situated between the nasal septum and the turbinate bones?
common nasal meatus
The philtrum is deep in what animals?
Carnivores and small ruminants
The philtrum is shalow or absent in what animals?
Pig, ox and horse
● the hairless region of the most rostral parts of the nose;
● no sebaceous gland instead has numerous sweat glands that keep the nostrils moist;
● it has grooves and bumps that are distinctive and allow nose prints to be used for positive individual identification
Planum
Planum in sheep, goat and dogs?
Planum nasale
Planum in pigs is called?
Planum rostrale
Planum in cows is called?
Planum nasolabiale
Planum is absent in what animal? instead covered with short, fine hairs
Horse
● a blind-ended passage through the horse nostrils into a blind cutaneous pouch lateral to the true nasal cavity;
● aids in passive dilation of the nostrils during vigorous ventilation
● When “tubing” a horse, a thumb placed in the diverticulum will aid in directing the tube into the ventral nasal meatus
Nasal diverticulum (false nostril)
● The bone in the nose of a pig to help it “root”
Rostral bone (os rostrale/rostri)