5 - Comparative Arthrology

Question 1

– Joints united by fibrous tissue, cartilage or a mixture of the two.
– Often termed immovable joints.

Answer 1

Synarthroses

Question 2

–applied to the joints of the skull where the adjacent margins of the bones are interlocked.

Answer 2

Suture

Question 3

What suture where the edges overlap – parieto-temporal joint.

Answer 3

Squamous suture

Question 4

What suture where the edges are irregular – Frontal joint.

Answer 4

Serrated suture

Question 5

What suture where the edges are straight – nasal joint.

Answer 5

Harmonious suture

Question 6

–Where the uniting medium is elastic tissue, white fibrous tissue or mixture.
–attachments of costal cartilages to each other.

Answer 6

Syndesmosis

Question 7

–found between the tooth and the alveolar sockets.

Answer 7

Gomphosis

Question 8

“cartilaginous joint”
– Joints which have both synarthrodial and diarthrodial features
– intercentral vertebral joints.
–Cartilaginous permits limited movement such as compression, stretching and bending
–hayaline cartilage with fibrocartilage or a combination of two hyaline cartilage and fibrous cartilage

Answer 8

Ampiarthroses

Question 9

•where the uniting medium is cartilage
•sphenoid and basilar occipital joint

Answer 9

Synchondrosis

Question 10

Cartilage becomes ossified making?

Answer 10

synostoses

Question 11

•applied to joints in the median plane
•The uniting medium is generally ossified cartilage and fibrous tissue

Answer 11

Symphysis

Question 12

“true joints”
– This joints are those which possess the following features:
•a synovial joint cavity
•a joint capsule with synovial membrane and synovial fluid
•Articular cartilage
•Mobility

Answer 12

Diarthroses

Question 13

hinge joint, elbow. (Diarthrodial joint)

Answer 13

Ginglymus

Question 14

gliding joint, intercarpals. (Diarthrodial joint)

Answer 14

Arthrodial

Question 15

pivot joint, atlanto-axial (Diarthrodial joint)

Answer 15

Trochoid

Question 16

ball and socket joint, hip (Diarthrodial joint)

Answer 16

Enarthrosis

Question 17

– Between ramus of mandible and squamous temporal bone on either side.

Answer 17

TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT

Question 18

Movable vertebrae form two separate articulations

Answer 18

VERTEBRAE(joint?)

Question 19

joint etween the bodies of vertebrae

Answer 19

Intercentral

Question 20

joints between the articular processes of vertebrae

Answer 20

Interneural

Question 21

Intercentral articulations are?

Answer 21

ampiarthroses

Question 22

Interneural articulations are?

Answer 22

diarthroses

Question 23

• What are diarthroses peculiar to Equidae.
• They occur between the transverse processes of 5th and 6th lumbar, and between the latter and the wings of the sacrum.

Answer 23

Intertransverse articulations

Question 24

What is diarthrodial with ginglymus filament (movement).

Answer 24

atlanto-occipital articulation

Question 25

•The atlanto-axial articulation is diarthrodial with trochoid filament (movement)

Answer 25

Atlanto-axial joint

Question 26

- between the head of the rib and the two adjacent bodies of the vertebrae

Answer 26

Costo – central

Question 27

between the facet on the rib tubercle and the transverse process of the vertebra of the same number

Answer 27

Costo-transverse

Question 28

Both costo-central and costo-transverse are?

Answer 28

diarthrodial

Question 29

The joints between the ribs and rib cartilage are synarthroses.

Answer 29

COSTO-CHONDRAL

Question 30

The joints between the ribs and rib cartilage are?

Answer 30

synarthroses

Question 31

In ox and sheep the 2nd to the 11th costo-chondral junctions are?

Answer 31

diarthroses

Question 32

In Pig the 2nd to the 5th costo-chondral junctions are?

Answer 32

diarthroses

Question 33

–Between the cartilages of the sternal ribs and the sternum

Answer 33

CHONDRO–STERNAL

Question 34

CHONDRO–STERNAL –Between the cartilages of the sternal ribs and the sternum. They are?

Answer 34

diarthroses

Question 35

The joints between the sternal segments

Answer 35

INTERSTERNAL

Question 36

INTERSTERNAL - The joints between the sternal segments commence as?

Answer 36

synchondroses

Question 37

INTERSTERNAL - The joints between the sternal segments commence as synchondroses, becoming ossified as?

Answer 37

synostoses

Question 38

Between head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula

Answer 38

SHOULDER(joint?)

Question 39

Between distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna

Answer 39

ELBOW(joint?)

Question 40

A composite joint between: - (1)Distal radius and ulna (only radius in the Horse) and proximal carpals. - (2) Intercarpal. - (3) Distal carpals and proximal metacarpals.

Answer 40

"CARPAL" (joint?)

Question 41

Between distal metacarpals (metacarpus in the case of the Horse), proximal 1st phalanx and proximal sesamoids.

Answer 41

FETLOCK

Question 42

The ligaments of the fetlock joints are? medial and lateral

Answer 42

Collaterals

Question 43

Between distal 1st phalanx and proximal 2nd phalanx

Answer 43

PASTERN (joint?)

Question 44

Between 2nd and 3rd phalanges and navicular bone

Answer 44

COFFIN JOINT

Question 45

Between the auricular surfaces of ilium and sacrum

Answer 45

SACRO – ILIAC joint

Question 46

Between head of femur and acetabulum.

Answer 46

HIP joint

Question 47

crosses the notch of the acetabulum.

Answer 47

Tranverse acetabular

Question 48

runs from the sub-pubic groove to the fovea on the head of the femur.

Answer 48

Round ligament

Question 49

This runs from the prepubic tendon to form just beyond the round ligament.

Answer 49

accessory ligament

Question 50

the acetabulum is deepened by a ring of fibro-cartilage, the ? which is attached to a bony margin.

Answer 50

Cotyloid ligament

Question 51

between the trochlea of the femur and the patella

Answer 51

Femoro-patellar patella

Question 52

between the condyles of the femur, proximal tibia and the interposed articular menisci, or semi-lunar cartilages.

Answer 52

Femoro-tibial

Question 53

• A composite joint of three separate articulations: – Tibio-tarsal – Intertarsal – Tarso-metatarsal

Answer 53

HOCK (joint?)