4 - Comparative Muscular System

Question 1

Types of muscle tissue:

Answer 1

– Skeletal
– Smooth
– Cardiac

Question 2

Muscle fiber bundles:

Answer 2

•Endomysium
•Perimysium
•Epimysium

Question 3

Muscle fiber arrangement:

Answer 3

•Strap/parallel
•Fusiform
•Pennate or penniform

Question 4

Muscle attachment:

Answer 4

▪ Tendinous attachment
▪ Aponeurotic attachment

Question 5

Fleshy attachment:

Answer 5

▪ Origin and insertion
▪ Head and belly

Question 6

Functional Grouping of Muscles:

Answer 6

• Flexor
• Extensor
• Adductors
• Abductors
• Sphincters
• Cutaneous muscle

Question 7

– Muscle on the side of the limb toward which a joint bends

Answer 7

Flexor

Question 8

– Muscle on the opposite side of flexor muscles

Answer 8

Extensor

Question 9

◼ Muscles that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane

Answer 9

Adductors

Question 10

◼ Those that tend to move a limb away from the median plane

Answer 10

Abductors

Question 11

◼ Muscle that surround an opening, whether striated or smooth

Answer 11

Sphincters

Question 12

◼ Found in the superficial fascia between the skin and the deep fascia covering the skeletal muscle
◼ Attach to the skin, responsible for the movement of the skin

Answer 12

Cutaneous muscle

Question 13

Synovial Structures of Muscles:

Answer 13

•Joint capsule
•Bursa
•Synovial sheath

Question 14

– A synovial sac between two structures that tend to rub against each other

Answer 14

Bursa

Question 15

– Resembles an elongated bursa with the edges of the bursa (sheath) reflected around the tendon until they meet
– Surrounds a tendon over a great distance and facilitates frictionless motion

Answer 15

Synovial sheath

Question 16

The double fold of membrane formed where the edges of the synovial sheath is the?

Answer 16

Mesotendon

Question 17

Thus a synovial sheath has three parts:

Answer 17

■Exotendon
■Endotendon
■Mesotendon

Question 18

Bursa between tendon of infraspinatus and caudal part of greater tubercle of humerus?

Answer 18

Infraspinatus bursa

Question 19

Bursa underlies the biceps tendon between greater and lesser tubercle of humerus?

Answer 19

Intertubercular bursa

Question 20

Bursa over the olecranon tuber? – inconstant

Answer 20

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Question 21

Bursa on the dorsal surface of the carpus?

Answer 21

Subcutaneous (precarpal) bursa

Question 22

Bursa lies between the cannon bone and tendon of these muscles?

Answer 22

Subtendinous bursa of common and lateral digital extensors

Question 23

Bursa between deep flexor tendon and navicular bone?

Answer 23

Navicular bursa

Question 24

Synovial sheaths are found only in ______ part of limb?

Answer 24

distal

Question 25

• Common sheath enclosing tendons of superficial and deer flexors. Begins 10 cm above radio-carpal joint and ends at middle of metacarpus.

Answer 25

CARPAL SHEATH

Question 26

• Encloses deep and superficial flexor tendons. Begins in distal fourth of metacarpus and ends at middle of 2nd phalanx.

Answer 26

DIGITAL SHEATH

Question 27

Bursa between the accessory gluteal and lower part of the greater trochanter?

Answer 27

Trochanteric bursa

Question 28

peculiarity in the horse lies deep to the proximal end of the intermediate patellar ligament

Answer 28

Proximal infrapatellar bursa

Question 29

Bursa lies under the distal end of the same ligament above(Proximal infrapatellar bursa)?

Answer 29

Distal infrapatellar bursa

Question 30

Bursa between the calcanean tuber and cap of the SF tendon?

Answer 30

Subtendinous calcanean bursa

Question 31

Bursa inconstant lies in the same position as above(Subtendinous calcanean bursa) but under the skin?

Answer 31

Subcutaneous calcanean bursa

Question 32

Bursa of the medial tibialis cranialis tendon?

Answer 32

Subtendinous (cunean) bursa

Question 33

• The clavicle is either completely absent or is a small rudiment embedded in the braciocephalic muscle. • Because of this, the forelimbs are united to the trunk by muscles. • This union is classified as a?

Answer 33

synsarcosis

Question 34

Extrinsic Muscles of Thoracic Limb. • Superficial layer:

Answer 34

▫ Trapezius ▫ Latissimus dorsi ▫ Superficial pectoral ▫ Omotransversarius ▫ Brachiocephalicus

Question 35

Extrinsic Muscles of Thoracic Limb. • Deep layer

Answer 35

▫ Rhomboideus ▫ Deep pectoral ▫ Serratus ventralis

Question 36

Extrinsic Muscles. • Muscles acting on the Shoulder Girdle:

Answer 36

▫ Trapezius ▫ Rhomboideus ▫ Serratus ventralis ▫ Omotransversarius

Question 37

Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder:

Answer 37

• Deltoid • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres major • Teres minor • Subscapularis • Coracobrachialis • Biceps brachii • Triceps brachii, long head

Question 38

Muscles acting on the Shoulder Joint. •Extensors of the shoulder:

Answer 38

– Brachiocephalicus – Supraspinatus

Question 39

Muscles acting on the Shoulder Joint. •Flexors of the shoulder:

Answer 39

– Teres major – Latissimus dorsi – Infraspinatus – Teres minor

Question 40

Muscles acting on the Shoulder Joint. •Adductors of the shoulder:

Answer 40

– Pectoral muscles (“brisket”) – Coracobrachialis – Subscapularis

Question 41

Muscles acting on the Shoulder Joint. •Abductors of the shoulder:

Answer 41

– deltoideus

Question 42

Muscles Acting on the Elbow. • Extensors of the elbow (caudomedial side):

Answer 42

▫ Triceps brachii ▫ Anconeus ▫ Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Question 43

Muscles Acting on the Elbow. • Flexors of the elbow (craniolateral side):

Answer 43

▫ Biceps brachii ▫ Brachialis ▫ Pronator teres ▫ Extensor muscles of the carpus and digits (secondary function)

Question 44

Muscles acting on the Carpus. •Extensors of the Carpus (craniolateral aspect):

Answer 44

– Extensor carpi radialis – Extensor carpi obliquus (abductor pollicis longus) – Extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis) – Extensors of the digits

Question 45

Muscles acting on the Carpus. •Flexors of the Carpus (caudomedial aspect):

Answer 45

– Flexor carpi radialis – Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 46

Muscles Acting on the Digits. •Extensors of the Digit:

Answer 46

– Common digital extensor – Lateral digital extensor

Question 47

Muscles Acting on the Digits. •Flexors of the digits:

Answer 47

– Deep digital flexor – Superficial digital flexor – Interosseous

Question 48

Interosseous muscle in large animals replaced by connective tissue and known as?

Answer 48

suspensory ligament

Question 49

– Small muscle in the superficial fascia over the extensor carpi radialis muscle in carnivores – It runs with the cephalic vein on the cranial aspect of the forearm – Roughly the same size as the vein for which it may be mistaken in venipuncture

Answer 49

Brachioradialis

Question 50

– Has tendons to each digit (dog-5, horse-1, ruminants-2) except in pig which has only 2 for its 4 digits – In horses, inserts on proximal end of middle phalanx and distal end of proximal phalanx which prevent “dorsal buckling” (hyperflexion)

Answer 50

Superficial digital flexor

Question 51

- A tendinous band connecting the tendon of superficial digital flexor to the radius - Plays a part in the stay apparatus known as the “radial head”, “proximal check lig.”, “superior check lig.”, and “radial check lig”

Answer 51

Accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor

Question 52

- A tendinous band connecting tendon of deep digital flexor to the palmar carpal ligament - Syn: “distal check lig”, “carpal check lig” and “inferior check lig"

Answer 52

Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor

Question 53

Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint. ▣ Extensors of the Hip (hamstring muscle):

Answer 53

◼ Biceps femoris ◼ Semitendinosus ◼ Semimembranosus ◼ Middle gluteal muscles

Question 54

Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint. ▣ Flexors of the Hip:

Answer 54

◼ Iliacus and Psoas major (iliopsoas) ◼ Sartorius ◼ Rectus femoris ◼ Tensor fasciae latae

Question 55

Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint. ▣ Abductors of the Hip:

Answer 55

◼ Deep gluteal ◼ Superficial gluteal ◼ Tensor fasciae latae

Question 56

Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint. ▣ Adductors and Rotators of the Hip:

Answer 56

◼ Gracilis ◼ Pectineus ◼ Adductor ◼ Quadratus femoris ◼ Internal and external obturator ◼ Gemelli

Question 57

outward rotators of thigh

Answer 57

Internal and external obturator

Question 58

- The area bounded by the sartorius muscle cranially, pectineus muscle caudally and body wall dorsally – The site for pulse taking in carnivores, since femoral artery passes through it

Answer 58

Femoral triangle

Question 59

The femoral canal has the following boundaries: – Anterior – 1. ? – Posterior – 2. ? – Medial – 3. ? – Lateral – 4. ?

Answer 59

1. sartorius 2. pectineus 3. gracilis and femoral fascia 4. ilio-psoas and medial vastus

Question 60

Muscles of Mastication. most powerful muscle that close the jaw

Answer 60

Masseter

Question 61

Muscles of Mastication. close the jaw

Answer 61

Pterygoideus

Question 62

Muscles of Mastication. opens the mouth

Answer 62

Digastricus

Question 63

– Group of muscles dorsal to the transverse process

Answer 63

Epaxial muscles

Question 64

– Muscles ventral to the transverse process of the vertebrae

Answer 64

Hypaxial muscles

Question 65

fibrous cord formed by the joining of the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles from both sides

Answer 65

Linea alba

Question 66

• The passageway for abdominal structures out of the abdomen • A collapsed canal between the deep and superficial inguinal ring

Answer 66

Inguinal canal