8 Airmanship, Air Safety and Emergency Procedures Flashcards
What does CRM stand for?
Crew Resource Management
What does RAPDAR stand for?
Recognise Analyse Prioritise Decide Act Review
Memory is divided into 2 main categories, these are
Long term
Short term
Components of the SHELL model
Software Hardware Environmental Liveware (people) Liveware (teams)
Name the 3 duty holders
Senior Duty Holder (4)
Operational Duty Holder (2)
Delivery Duty Holder (Gp Capt, RN Capt, Col)
Definition of AIR SAFETY
The state of freedom from unacceptable risk of injury to persons, or damage, throughout the life cycle of military Air Systems.
Definition of AIRWORTHINESS
The ability of an aircraft, airborne equipment or system to be operated in flight and on the ground without any significant risks.
Definition of FLIGHT SAFETY
The ability to operate in the air environment in the safest possible manner.
Name the 5 evolution safety culture stages
- P______ (W___ c___?)
- R______ (H______)
- C______ (M______ R_________)
- P______ (L______ A___)
- G________ (A______ T___ and A___ S______)
- Pathological (Who cares?)
- Reactive (Hindsight)
- Calculative (Meeting Requirements)
- Proactive (Looking Ahead)
- Generative (Always Think and Act Safely)
Name some aspects of an Engaged Safety Culture
- J___
- R______
- L______
- Q_________
- F______
- L_________ C_________
- O___ C___________
- E______ D______ M______ P_________
- Just
- Reporting
- Learning
- Questioning
- Flexible
- Leadership Commitment
- Open Communication
- Effective Decision Making Processes
Definition of an Accident
An o_________ which results in either a p______ being k___ or suffering m___ i______, or/and aircraft sustaining Category _ or _ damage.
An occurrence which results in either a person being killed or suffering major injury, or/and aircraft sustaining Category 4 or 5 damage.
What does ALARP stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Cost of any further reduction of risk is disproportionate to benefit.
Describe HUMAN FACTORS
The way humans interact with their environment:
Systems
People
Procedures
Mistakes are made by humans.
Long term memory is divided into 3 kinds. These are …
Semantic Memory - Facts/rules/information
Motor memory/mechanical skills - Accessed subconsciously (a/c handling, driving a car)
Episodic memory - Perception of specific events (first solo, complex inflight emergencies, last flight)
What is CRM (definition and description)
Crew Resource Management
The way in which the crew use their skills and resources effectively to carry out the successful mission.
What is RISK?
A measure of exposure to possible harm.
What is a HAZARD?
An intermediate state where there is potential for harm.
Name the 3 duty holders
Senior Duty Holder (4)
Operational Duty Holder (2)
Delivery Duty Holder (Gp Capt, RN Capt, Col)
What does FRC stand for and what do they convey?
Flight Reference Card
Best practice for normal operation and emergency.
In the FRCs, what is the purpose of the ‘WARNINGS’?
These are statements which, if not closely observed, may result in personal injury, loss of life or loss of the aircraft.
In the FRCs, what is the purpose of the ‘CAUTIONS’?
These are statements which if not observed closely, may result in damage to the aircraft or its equipment.
In the FRCs, what is denoted by Bold Face?
CRITICAL ACTIONS
AKA immediate actions and must be performed immediately. Should be committed to memory for each individual emergency.
What two types of ACTIONS are found in the FRCs?
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
Subsequent Actions
What is the Swiss Cheese Model?
Describes the multiple layers of defence for any situation. The holes must all align for an accident to occur.
What is Heinrich’s Triangle?
Heinrich’s Triangle (Iceberg) theorises that accidents are only the ‘tip of the iceberg’.
For any incident there will be numerous unreported near misses/ occurrences.
And there should be a proactive response to minimise incidents.
What does FOD stand for?
Foreign Object Debris, which causes Damage.
Describe the Risk to Life matrix
Compares likelihood and severity, which provides an overall risk score.
What does DASOR stand for?
DEFENCE AIR SAFETY OCCURENCE REPORT
DASORs are submitted via ASIMS.
What is DAEMS?
Defence Aviation Error Management System
5 layers. Report Investigate Decide Respond Review
What is the MAA?
Military Aviation Authority
Responsible for aviation safety across Defence.
What is ASIMS?
Air Safety Information Management System
Web based tool to support reporting, management and analysis.
Why was CRM developed?
To increase safety as it was found that the majority of aviation accidents were found to have a significant contribution of Human Factors involved.
How is Airmanship developed?
- E______
- F______ and r______
- L______
- U_________ the t_____
- Experience
- Feedback and reflection
- Learning
- Understanding the theory
Describe ‘FEEL’ check
- Fuel
- Engine
- Electrics
- Location
What is perception?
K______ + C______ E______
Knowledge + Contextual Experience
How are IMMEDIATE ACTIONS represented in the FRCs?
Bold Face
What are CONSIDERATIONS in the FRCs?
Additional information that needs to be considered which may help in assessing the longer term implications of the emergency.
In the event of an emergency. What 3 words do we follow?!?!
AVIATE
NAVIGATE
COMMUNICATE
What are the 3 emergency squawk codes?
7700 - Emergency
7600 - Comms failure
7500 - Unlawful interference
What are the 2 emergency frequencies?
- 5 MHz
243. 0 MHz
What is a DCORS?
Defence Confidential Occurrence Reporting System
A confidential route directly to the Head of RAF Safety Culture
What are the 2 types of Situational Awareness?
- P______
- T____
Positional
Tactical
When do you use MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY?
Distress - A/c is threatened by serious or imminent danger requiring immediate assistance
When do you use PANPAN PANPAN PANPAN?
Urgency - Safety concern for a/c, other vehicle or pax but not requiring immediate assistance
What is Resource Management comprised of?
- U_________ of the a___ s______
- Co_____ r______
- Cr__ r___
- E______ r_______
- Understanding of the air system
- Cockpit resource
- Crew resources
- External resources
