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Ground School - C Middleton > 10 Flight Planning > Flashcards

10 Flight Planning Flashcards

1
Q

How is ALTITUDE defined?

A

The vertical distance upwards to a fixed point, measured from Mean Sea Level (MSL).

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2
Q

How is ELEVATION defined?

A

The vertical distance upwards to a fixed point or level on the surface of the Earth, measured from Mean Sea Level (MSL).

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3
Q

How is HEIGHT defined?

A

The vertical distance upwards to a given point from a given level or specific datum

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4
Q

What is QFE?

A

The barometric pressure corrected to a specific datum, usually an airfield.

Typically only used by the military.

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5
Q

What is QNH?

A

The barometric pressure corrected for temp and reduced to MSL.

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6
Q

What is RPS?

A

Regional Pressure Setting

Lowest forecast QNH within a designated Altimeter Setting Region (ASR).

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7
Q

What is SPS (SAS)?

A

Standard Pressure Setting (Standard Altimeter Setting)

Assumed to be 1013.25hPa (29.92 inchHg)

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8
Q

If flying in a westward direction (HDG 180-359) what FLs should you fly at?

A

EVEN

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9
Q

If flying in an EASTWARD direction (HDG 360>179) what FLs should you fly at?

A

ODD

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10
Q

Determine QFE

Elevation = 60ft
QNH = 993hPa
A

60ft = 2hPa

QFE = 993-2 = 991hPa

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11
Q

Determine QFE

Elevation = 4140ft
QNH = 1023hPa
A

4140ft = 138hPa

QFE = 1023-138 = 885hPa

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12
Q

Determine QFE

Elevation = 210ft
QNH = 1015hPa
A

210ft = 7hPa

QFE = 1015-7 = 1008hPa

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13
Q

You takeoff at MSL with QNH at 983hPa and climb to 2000ft.

What is your height are you in relation to standard pressure?

A

2900ft

1013-983 = 30hPa = 30x30 = 900ft

2000ft + 900ft = 2900ft

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14
Q

You takeoff at MSL with QNH at 1033hPa and climb to 3000ft.

What is your height are you in relation to standard pressure?

A

2400ft

1013-1033 = -20hPa = -20x30 = -600ft

3000ft + (-600)ft = 2400ft

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15
Q

The phrase HI-LO-HI comes from what phenomenon?

A

If you travel from High (HI) pressure to Low (LO) pressure, your altimeter will read High (HI)

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16
Q

The phrase LO-HI-LO comes from what phenomenon?

A

If you travel from Low (LO) pressure to High (HI) pressure, your altimeter will read Low (LO)

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17
Q

Describe the “Transition” cross section (high to low)

A

Flight Levels
Transition Level
Transition Layer
Transition Altitude

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18
Q

What pressure setting do you T/O from airfields on?

A

QFE or QNH

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19
Q

What pressure setting do you use when departing from an airfield’s direct control?

A

QNH or RPS

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20
Q

What are the 4 reasons to descend below the Safe Altitude?

A
  • Visual with the ground
  • Approved radio or radar terminal approach provided by ATC
  • Serviceable terrain-following radar equipment
  • Compelled to do so in an emergency
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21
Q

How do you calculate Safe Altitude (SALT)?

A
  • Within 5nm of flight track, inc waypoints. (Unless greater is stipulated).
  • Determine altitude (AMSL) of highest ground or obstacle.
  • Add 1000ft (2000ft if ground level is mountainous >3000ft AMSL).
  • Round up to the nearest 100ft
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22
Q

What is the TL?

A

Transition Level

The lowest FL available for use above the Transition Altitude (TA).

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23
Q

How is TL obtained?

A

Look up table. RA3302 Annex A

  • Obtain QNH
  • Obtain TA
  • Go to appropriate entry in table
  • TL shown along with Min. IFR Cruising Level
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24
Q

What is MSFL?

A

Minimum Safe Flight Level

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25
Q

How do you calculate MSFL?

A
  • Calculate Safety Altitude

- Obtain the latest forecast route QNH

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26
Q

What is the Pressure Altitude?

A

Vertical distance in ft to a pressure datum from the 1013.25hPa pressure level.

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27
Q

What is Pressure Altitude equation?

A

PA = Airfield Elevation + 30(1013-QNH)

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28
Q

Determine PA

Elevation = 120ft
QNH = 1005hPa
A

PA = 120ft + 30x(1013-1005) = 120ft + 30x8

PA = 120ft + 240ft = 360ft

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29
Q

Determine PA

Elevation = 240ft
QNH = 993hPa
A

PA = 240ft + 30x(1013-993) = 240ft + 30x20

PA = 240ft + 600ft = 840ft

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30
Q

Determine PA

Elevation = 60ft
QNH = 1038hPa
A

PA = 60ft + 30x(1013-1038) = 60ft + 30x(-25)

PA = 60ft + (-750)ft = -690ft

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31
Q

What is Density Altitude?

A

Pressure Altitude adjusted to take into account deviation of airfield from ISA temperature

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32
Q

Where can the Density Altitude conversion graph be obtained?

A

AP3456

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33
Q

What is Density Altitude equation?

A

DA = PA + 120(Outside Air Temp - ISA Temp @ PA)

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34
Q

Determine DA

PA = 2000ft
Outside Air Temp = 10C

A

ISA Temp @ PA = 15C-(2x2[1,000fts]) = 15- 4 = +11C

DA = 2000ft +120(10 - 11) = 2000ft + (-120)ft
DA = 1880ft
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35
Q

Determine DA

PA = 4100ft
Outside Air Temp = 20C

A

ISA Temp @ PA = 15C-(2x4.1[1,000fts]) = 15- 8.2 = +6.8C

DA = 4100ft +120(20 - 6.8) = 4100ft + 1584ft
DA = 5684ft
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36
Q

Determine DA

PA = 4100ft
Outside Air Temp = -0.5C

A

ISA Temp @ PA = 15C-(2x4.1[1,000fts]) = 15- 8.2 = +6.8C

DA = 4100ft +120(-0.5 - 6.8) = 4100ft + (-876)ft
DA = 3224ft
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37
Q

Determine DA

PA = 800ft
Outside Air Temp = 5C

A

ISA Temp @ PA = 15C-(2x0.8[1,000fts]) = 15- 1.6 = +13.4C

DA = 800ft +120(5 - 13.4) = 800ft + (-1008)ft
DA = -208ft
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38
Q

What pressure and temperature conditions do we need to be careful of?

A

Low pressure

High Temperature

ESPECIALLY when these are combined

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39
Q

What does ADS stand for? (docs)

A

Aircraft Document Set

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40
Q

List some of the docs contained in the ADS

A 
Release to Service (RTS)
Aircrew Publications
   -Aircrew Manual (AM)
   -Flight Reference Cards (FRCs)
   -Pilot's Notes (PN)
   -Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
Operating Data Manual (ODM)
Flight Test Schedule (FTS)
Aircrew Landaway Flight Servicing Schedule (ALFSS)
Technical Publications (Tech Pubs)
Support Policy Statement (RA5000 Series)
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41
Q

What document is at the top of the documentation hierarchy?

A

Release to Service (RTS)

42
Q

What documents are on the 2nd level of the documentation hierarchy?

A 
Aircrew Publications (AP)
Operating Data Manual (ODM)
Flight Test Schedule (FTS)
Aircrew Landaway Flight Servicing Schedule (ALFSS)
Technical Publications (Tech Pubs)
Support Policy Statement (RA5000 Series)
43
Q

List some of the Aircrew Publications

A
  • Aircrew Manual (AM)
  • Flight Reference Cards (FRCs)
  • Pilot’s Notes (PN)
  • Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
44
Q

Release to Service (RTS) outlines:

  • A____ O_____
  • L______
  • D____
  • M_______ R______
  • P_______
A
  • Aircraft Operation
  • Limitations
  • Design
  • Maintenance Requirements
  • Procedures
45
Q

The limitations as outline in the Aircrew Manual (AM) are ______ (unless overridden by the RTS)

A

MANDATORY

46
Q

What does FRC stand for? (docs)

A

Flight Reference Card

47
Q

What does MEL stand for? (docs)

A

Minimum Equipment List

48
Q

The Aircrew Manual provides

  • Best op_____ in______
  • Best a_____ currently available
  • Procedures for sys o______ in n____ and e_____ situations
A
  • Best operating instructions
  • Best advice currently available
  • Procedures for sys operation in normal and emergency situations
49
Q

What do FRCs describe?

A

Flight Reference Cards

States best practice under normal operation
-Standard Procedures and Aircraft Handling

States best practice in Emergencies
-Emergency procedures and Emergency a/c handling

50
Q

What do MELs describe?

A

Minimum Equipment List

Specifies the minimum standard of serviceable equipment required before an aircraft can depart.

51
Q

What document provides BEST OPERATION and EMERGENCY PROCEDURES?

A

FRCs

Flight Reference Cards

52
Q

What document will give minimum serviceable equipment for safe operation of the aircraft?

A

MEL

Minimum Equipment List

53
Q

What document describes the Aircraft Operation, Limitations, Design, Maintenance Requirements and Procedures

A

RTS

Release to Service

54
Q

What is the collection of published aviation documentation known as?

A

Aircraft Document Set

55
Q

The principles of WEIGHT and BALANCE are applicable to ___ aircraft.

A

ALL aircraft

56
Q

What does CoG or CG stand for?

A

Centre of Gravity

57
Q

The UK Mil Operating Data Manual (ODM) contains information regarding …

A
  • Performance
  • Planning
  • Limitations
58
Q

Forces to counteract pitching moments are provided by …

A
  • Tailplane
  • Elevators
  • Trim Tabs
59
Q

What does AUW stand for? (planning)

A

All-up Weight

60
Q

Limitations on the AUW are:

  • S____ of a_____ structure
  • O______ r_________
A
  • Strength of aircraft structure

- Operational requirements

61
Q

Inflight changes to the AUW causes …..

A
  • Progressive loss of efficiency

- Serious or dangerous unbalance as the distance from optimum CG position changes

62
Q

Accurate calculation of fuel requirements for flight is important for:

  • S______
  • E_______ O______
  • M_____ utilisation of p______
A
  • Safety
  • Economical/Efficient Operation
  • Maximum utilisation of payload
63
Q

Fuel consumption is a function of:

  • A_____
  • A__ T_____
  • S____
  • A__-__ _____
  • E____ RPM
A
  • Altitude
  • Air Temperature
  • Speed
  • All-up Weight
  • Engine RPM
64
Q

Minimum fuel overhead destination is the sum of ….

  • M______ l_____ f___
  • M_____ a______
  • T____ to d______
  • A______ f___
A
  • Minimum landing fuel
  • Missed approach
  • Transit to diversion
  • Approach fuel
65
Q

IAS is ….

A

reading on the pitot-static airspeed indicator

66
Q

CAS is IAS calibrated for …

A

pressure error

67
Q

EAS is CAS calibrated for …

A

compressibility

68
Q

TAS is EAS calibrated for …

A

density

69
Q

Take off planning considerations assume that :

A

All engines operating as the start point.

One engine fail after commencement but before T/O completed.

70
Q

Landing planning considerations

A

Certificate of Airworthiness (Landing)

Maximum structural landing weight

71
Q

What is the definition of basic weight?

A

Weight of a/c + all basic equipment + unusable fuels and oils.

72
Q

Define a moment

A

The mass of an object multiplied by the distance from a reference point.

73
Q

Define a load arm

A

The longitudinal distance between the load item and a datum.

74
Q

When must the Weight balance record be updated?

A

Change of equipment
Following servicing
New equipment added

75
Q

What is the total weight of a/c, crew and payload known as?

A

AUW

All-up weight

76
Q

Define payload

A

Anything that can be carried on the aircraft

77
Q

List the 4 main ways of representing terrain on a map

A
  • Hill Shading
  • Spot Height
  • Contour Lines
  • Layer Tinting
78
Q

Ideal features should be

  • B__
  • U_______
  • V_____ E_____
  • E_____ I_______
A
  • Big
  • Unambiguous
  • Vertical Extent
  • Easily Identified
79
Q

Describe a CONICAL HILL on a map

A

Concentric contour lines of round/circular shape

80
Q

Describe a SPAR on a map

A

Higher ground surrounded on 3 sides by lower ground

81
Q

Describe an ESCARPMENT on a map

A

Steep contour lines that reach a ridge then flattens out

82
Q

Describe a COL or SADDLE on a map

A

Lower or flat point between two summits

83
Q

How is Low Flying defined?

A

Within 2000 ft of surface

84
Q

What does MSD stand for?

A

Minimum Separation Distance

85
Q

Low flying over congested areas. What are the transit altitudes for FW and RW assets?

A

FW - 2000ft AGL

RW - 1000ft AGL

86
Q

What is the extent of the UK Low Flying System?

A

To the edges of the UK FIR

87
Q

The UK Mil Low Flying Handbook (UKMLFH) has how many sections?

A

6

88
Q

The UKLFS (UK Low Flying System) is sub divided by time into …

A

UKDLFS (UK Day Low Flying System)

UKNLFS (UK Night Low Flying System)

89
Q

UKDLFS (UK Day Low Flying System) is split into 20 LFAs.

What does LFA stand for?

A

Low Flying Area

90
Q

What does CADS stand for? (low flying)

A

Centralised Aviation Data Service

91
Q

When does UKNLFS (UK Night Low Flying System) begin?

A

START is 30 min after sunset

END is 30 min before sunrise

92
Q

What is the UKLFS (UK Low Flying System) normal operating hours?

A

Mon- Fri 0700-2300

NOT Sat or Sun

93
Q

What are the weather limits for the UKLFS (UK Low Flying System)?

  • FW >140kt
  • FW <=140kt
  • RW
A
  • FW >140kt = 5km Vis, 1500m hor and 500ft ver
  • FW <=140kt = 1500m Vis, CoCIoS (clear of cloud insight of surface)
  • RW = 1500m Vis, CoCIoS (clear of cloud insight of surface)
94
Q

Possible restrictions in Low Flying

A

-

95
Q

What does SALT stand for? (altitude)

A

Safety Altitude

96
Q

How do you determine SALT?

A

Add 1000ft and round up to nearest 100ft.

Unless in Mountainous terrain (>3000ft AMSL) in which case add 2000ft and round up to nearest 100ft.

97
Q 
Speed restrictions at Low Level
-Max cruise speed \_\_\_kt
-Short-term specific speeds
   <= 150ft MSD = \_\_\_kt
   > 150kt MSD = \_\_\_kt
A

-Max cruise speed 450kt
-Short-term specific speeds
<= 150ft MSD = 500kt
> 150kt MSD = 550kt

98
Q

What does PINS stand for? (low level)

A

Pipeline Inspection System

99
Q

Most Pipeline Inspection activity takes place between ___ and ___ft

A

Most Pipeline Inspection activity takes place between 500 and 700ft

100
Q

Who do you book into the UKLFS (UK Low Flying System) with?

A

LFOF at NATS Swanwick

101
Q

When in Low Flight.

Crew should be in receipt of Low Level booking _____ _____.

A

Crew should be in receipt of Low Level booking reference number.

May be required in flight.

102
Q

What system do we use to book a low level flying slot?

A

CADS (Central Aviation Data Service)

Ground School - C Middleton (12 decks)

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