8 Flashcards
1
Q
77.) When conducting research with human participants, a psychologist should be aware that:
A
participants must be debriefed promptly if possible or, if necessary to delay the debriefing, psychologists must reduce the risk for harm.
2
Q
56.) Research on Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model has shown that White therapists are most effective in cross-cultural counseling situations when they are in which stage of identity development?
A
the autonomy stage
3
Q
116.) Which of the following has been found to be true about job enrichment?
A
It has positive effects (at least for some employees) on both job satisfaction and job performance.
4
Q
95.) The purpose of “rotation” in factor analysis is to:
A
obtain a pattern of factor loadings that is easier to interpret.
5
Q
165.) Theories of career choice and development can be categorized in terms of four basic types. The theories of Tiedeman and O’Hara (1963) and Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman (1984) are examples of the __________ approach.
A
Developmental
6
Q
86.) A predictor’s criterion-related validity coefficient is .70. This means that ____% of variability in criterion scores is explained by variability in predictor scores.
A
49
7
Q
111.) A first-grade student frequently misbehaves in class. Whenever he does so, his teacher has him stand in the corner for ten minutes. During that time, he often turns around and makes faces at his classmates, and they respond by laughing and talking to him. The boy’s misbehavior is being maintained by which of the following?
A
positive reinforcement
8
Q
178.) __________ predicts that the decision to remain or leave a relationship depends on the relative costs and rewards of that relationship.
A
Social exchange theory
9
Q
76.) As described in the DSM-5, the five core symptoms of the Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders are:
A
hallucinations, negative symptoms, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
10
Q
113.) You design a study to compare the effectiveness of three different treatments for stress. You decide to divide 30 EPPP candidates equally among three treatments and measure their stress level before the treatment begins and one week and six weeks after the treatment has been applied. The design of your study is best described as:
A
mixed.
11
Q
65.) Which of the following is generally considered to be most important in the early development of attachment between an infant and his or her caretaker?
A
pleasant tactile stimulation of the infant by the caretaker
12
Q
51.) In the context of factor analysis, “specificity” refers to:
A
the proportion of variability in a test that has not been explained by the factor analysis.
13
Q
157.) When a person’s hypertension is not adequately alleviated through lifestyle changes, a hypertension drug may be prescribed. These drugs include all of the following except:
A
NSAIDs.
14
Q
40.) The “dichotic listening task” has been widely used to study:
A
hemispheric asymmetry of functions.
15
Q
211.) Dr. Raj provided treatment to a client in State X where Dr. Raj resides and works. Treatment ended six months ago and the client has since moved to State Y. Dr. Raj receives a subpoena from the client’s attorney who also resides and works in State Y. The subpoena requires Dr. Raj to provide testimony at a trial involving the former client. Dr. Raj:
A
should contact an attorney to determine if he must appear as requested.
16
Q
172.) A psychologist who obtained a Ph.D. in organizational psychology wants to change her specialty to clinical psychology. To meet the requirements of APA’s guidelines regarding a change in specialty, the psychologist must:
A
complete appropriate doctoral-level classes and supervised post-doctoral training.
17
Q
38.) Research comparing younger and older workers has found that:
A
younger workers expect more personal fulfillment from their jobs than older workers do.
18
Q
128.) Researchers relied primarily on which of the following techniques to derive the “Big Five” personality traits?
A
factor analysis
19
Q
217.) The use of anatomically correct dolls with children who are believed to have been sexually abused:
A
is considered effective for helping children who have been sexually abused but whose embarrassment or limited verbal skills limit their ability to describe what happened to them.
20
Q
105.) The National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA) compared the effectiveness of four treatments - medication management alone, behavioral treatment alone, combined medication and behavioral treatment, and routine community care. The results of the initial study indicated that:
A
medication alone or the combined treatment is more effective than behavioral treatment alone or routine community care.
21
Q
147.) To hire only the most qualified job applicants, a personnel director raises the cutoff score on the selection test. Which of the following accurately describes a consequence of changing the cutoff score in this way?
A
The number of true positives is reduced.
22
Q
67.) Children begin to express jealousy, embarrassment, and other self-conscious emotions between the ages of:
A
18 to 24 months.
23
Q
173.) Scoring and interpretation of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) usually involves considering which of the following?
A
needs and press
24
Q
87.) Research on the role of hormones on sexual arousal suggests that:
A
androgen is responsible for arousal in both females and males.
25
156.) Linehan's (1993) dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder is based on the assumption that this disorder is due to:
emotion dysregulation.
26
158.) You would be concerned about a selection test's differential validity for males and females when you discover that:
the slope of the regression lines for males and females are different.
27
141.) Which of the following is NOT an example of a centralized communication network?
Circle
28
57.) __________ biofeedback has been found to be useful for treating migraine headache, essential hypertension, Raynaud's disease, and certain types of pain including intermittent claudication associated with diabetes.
Thermal
29
155.) Dr. Cooper is appointed by the court to evaluate a 42-year old man who is the defendant in a court proceeding. With regard to privilege, Dr. Cooper should be aware that:
privilege is waived in this situation but Dr. Cooper should inform the defendant of the limits on confidentiality.
30
185.) A structural family therapist would use a family map to:
clarify the nature of the boundaries between family subsystems.
31
74.) Studies investigating stepparent-stepchild relationships indicate that:
stepfathers tend to be distant and disengaged from their stepchildren
32
206.) Research investigating the relationship between leader intelligence and leader effectiveness has found a __________ relationship between these two variables.
weak positive
33
146.) You go out for a drink with a psychologist who is a co-worker of yours at a mental health clinic. After several beers, he accidentally lets it slip that he is currently having a sexual relationship with one of his clients. Your best course of action would be to:
discuss the issue with the psychologist when he has not been drinking.
34
90.) According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, the resistance and immersion stage is characterized by:
rejection of the dominant group and preference for one's own group.
35
72.) Tolman's demonstration of latent learning suggests that:
a student might appear to know little about algebra until he takes an algebra test.
36
29.) Regarding the care and use of animals in research, the APA's Ethics Code addresses all the following EXCEPT:
security measures used to protect the laboratory.
37
79.) A psychologist has been seeing a couple in therapy for six months and they have recently decided to get a divorce. The psychologist is asked by the husband to testify on his behalf in a court custody hearing. The psychologist should:
refuse to testify.
38
225.) A DSM-5 diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder requires a duration of symptoms of:
three days to one month.
39
149.) When assessing the reliability and validity of a job selection test, your sample includes current employees who are all doing fairly well on the job. The nature of your sample will most likely have which of the following effects?
It will deflate the reliability and validity coefficients.
40
93.) Wernicke's area is located in the:
temporal lobe.
41
218.) Tacrine (Cognex), donepezil (Aricept), and galantamine (Reminyl) exert their beneficial effects on memory for patients with Alzheimer's dementia by:
slowing acetylcholine depletion.
42
23.) When using flooding (in vivo exposure) to treat a client's Specific Phobia, which of the following instruments would be most useful for monitoring the client's progress in treatment and determining when to terminate treatment?
SUDS
43
37.) Kegel exercises are used to:
increase muscle tone.
44
180.) While treating a client for snake phobia, a therapist handles the snake and then guides the client through a series of steps until she is able to handle the snake herself. This technique is referred to as:
participant modeling.
45
18.) You receive a court order requesting that you provide information about a 19-year-old client who is currently the defendant in a court case. You discuss the request with the client but he refuses to sign a waiver of confidentiality. You should:
provide the court with the requested information.
46
26.) A 58-year old woman is brought to the mental health clinic where you work by her husband. She seems agitated and, during your interview with her, she paces back and forth and engages in frequent hand-wringing. The woman says she's been feeling very sad and hopeless, and she also tells you that she thinks her next door neighbor has tried to poison her food several times because she has been so unfriendly toward him. The woman's husband says that his wife has been gradually losing interest in her usual activities over the past several weeks but that her symptoms became worse a few days ago. Based on this information, the most likely diagnosis is:
Major Depressive Disorder.
47
92.) Group decisions tend to be better than decisions made by individuals when:
the group consists of members with complementary expertise.
48
42.) Longitudinal research conducted by Strauss and Carpenter (1991) has found that, for patients with Schizophrenia, prognosis with regard to future employment is best predicted by:
employment history.
49
84.) According to classical test theory, X = T + E, where E refers to:
random error.
50
43.) Combining an MAOI with certain cold, cough, sinus, or allergy medication can produce which of the following?
a hypertensive crisis
51
182.) The Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities WJ III COG) is based on:
the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities.
52
200.) The slope of an item characteristic curve provides information on which of the following?
Discrimination
53
48.) The ring and little fingers of the hand represent one dermatome and are innervated by which of the following?
eighth cervical nerve (C8)
54
89.) Issues related to attachment, safety, and security would be of most interest to a practitioner of:
object relations family therapy.
55
44.) The _________ is to the conscious perception of odors as the __________ is to olfactory memory.
orbitofrontal cortex; amygdala
56
1.) A factor matrix indicates that Test A has a factor loading of .40 on Factor I and a factor loading of .30 on Factor II. Assuming the factors are orthogonal, what is the communality for Test A?
0.25
57
151.) The effectiveness of the procedure known as time-out is maximized when:
the time-out begins with a brief explanation of why it is being applied.
58
46.) According to Kohlberg's cognitive theory, gender identity development involves three stages that occur in the following order:
identity, stability, constancy
59
210.) In terms of age at which it occurs, Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage is comparable to Freud's ______ stage.
anal
60
198.) An emphasis on contact, awareness, and experimentation is central to which of the following?
Gestalt therapy
61
215.) To assess the effects of a behavioral treatment for reducing test anxiety, you advertise the study in a university newspaper and then assign the first 30 respondents to the experimental (treatment) group and the second 30 respondents to the control (no treatment) group. You compare the test anxiety of participants in the two groups just prior to final exams and find that the groups have significantly different levels of test anxiety. The biggest threat to this study's internal validity is which of the following?
Selection
62
60.) Under hypnosis, a person is LEAST likely to:
do things he/she is otherwise fundamentally opposed to doing.
63
190.) Bell and Ainsworth (1972) conducted one of the first longitudinal studies on the impact of maternal responsiveness on infant crying. The results of their research indicated that a mother's prompt and consistent response to her infant's crying during the first few months of the infant's life:
is associated with a decrease in the amount of infant crying in subsequent months.
64
101.) Research conducted by Mayo and his colleagues at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in the mid-1920s led to identification of the "Hawthorne effect" which attributed observed increases in worker productivity to which of the following?
the special attention the workers received as research participants
65
191.) In the context of training programs, utility analysis would be used to:
assess the return-on-investment of the training program.
66
75.) A caller to a suicide helpline is most likely to be which of the following?
a White female
67
152.) Borderline Personality Disorder is most commonly diagnosed in individuals ages:
19 through 34.
68
2.) Which one of the following is true regarding treatment for premature ejaculation?
Treatment will probably include the use of the "stop-start" or "squeeze" technique.
69
187.) About 10 to 15% of new mothers develop postpartum major depression in the first few days or weeks following delivery. In addition, up to _____% of new mothers exhibit "baby blues," a less severe condition that involves mood swings and sleep disturbances.
80.00%
70
193.) The owner of a company has decided that, to determine how well employees are performing, employees will be watched while performing their jobs for a predetermined period of time. Based on the relevant research, you predict that the employees' performance during the period of observation will:
be inhibited if the task is complex.
71
176.) You are working in a community mental health center that employs two other psychologists, a social worker, and a psychiatrist. One Saturday, as you're talking to your neighbor over the backyard fence, she tells you that the wife of one of your co-workers (one of the psychologists) is a close friend of hers and has told her that her husband (the psychologist) has started to physically abuse her. As an ethical psychologist, your best course of action would be to:
discuss the situation with the accused co-worker as soon as possible.
72
104.) The Introduction and Applicability section of the APA's Ethics Code notes that the APA may take action against a member after his/her:
conviction of a felony.
73
170.) During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), the release of _______ results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate.
Epinephrine
74
134.) Reducing risk impact, reducing negative chain reactions, promoting self-esteem and self-efficacy, and providing opportunities are four techniques identified by __________ for promoting resiliency in high-risk children.
Rutter
75
41.) According to Kelman (1961), __________ occurs when a person changes his/her behavior as the result of social influence in order to obtain reinforcement or avoid punishment.
compliance
76
181.) Sherif (1935) used the autokinetic effect to study which of the following phenomena?
Conformity
77
117.) Providing therapy to a former sex partner:
is explicitly prohibited by the Code.
78
137.) Fairburn's (2008) CBT-E (cognitive-behavioral therapy - enhanced) adds which of the following to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with Bulimia Nervosa?
interventions aimed at interpersonal relationships
79
10.) Implosive therapy would be most useful as a treatment for which of the following?
Specific Phobia
80
130.) A 35-year old woman is being treated by a psychiatrist and is taking medication for her disorder. At a party, after eating some aged cheese and drinking some wine, the woman develops an extreme headache. A friend drives her to the emergency room of a local hospital where the doctor finds the woman to have extremely elevated blood pressure. The woman is apparently taking which of the following drugs?
an MAO inhibitor
81
142.) The most prominent risk factor for drug abuse in adolescence is:
prior use of gateway drugs.
82
55.) Fiedler's LPC theory of leadership proposes that:
to be most effective, a leader's personality should match the demands of the situation.
83
69.) Fritz Heider's (1958) balance theory proposes that the relationship between three entities can be either balanced or unbalanced. These entities are:
a person, another person, and an attitude object.
84
63.) Difficulties in concentration, forgetfulness, sensitivity to cold, unexplained weight gain, and constipation are symptomatic of:
hypothyroidism.
85
49.) According to McClelland (1975), the need for power can be described in terms of which of the following two types?
personal and socialized
86
197.) Research on Kohlberg's theory of moral development has found that very few people ever reach Stage 6. However, some do engage in Stage 5 reasoning and base their moral judgments on:
social contracts.
87
33.) In a normal distribution of test scores, approximately ____ of scores are more than two standard deviations above the mean.
2.5
88
6.) Your client is convinced that, for the past three months, the government has been tapping his phone, reading his emails, and having someone follow him. He states that he believes that, at one point, he was drugged by "an agent" and was "out for a day or two." The client works as a computer programmer for a medical records company, has been married for three years, and has one child. He says that, despite the government's interference in his life, everything else seems to be okay. What is the most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for this client?
Delusional Disorder
89
153.) Recent research suggests that higher rates of Schizophrenia among African-Americans is most likely attributable to:
misdiagnosis of hallucinations and delusions.
90
139.) A client describes a recurring dream of his to his therapist in which the client's parents are standing on top of a stairway and refuse to let him climb up to the bedroom. If the therapist is a practitioner of Gestalt Therapy, she will probably:
see the dream as representing parts of the client's personality that need to be integrated.
91
25.) Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development differ from Piaget's theory in terms of their:
emphasis on information processing.
92
125.) Diabetes mellitus, antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs, and liver and kidney disease are all potential causes of:
impotence.
93
223.) The most commonly prescribed treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea is:
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
94
208.) Statistics on the risk for suicide among adolescents from single-parent and dual-parent families show that:
girls and boys from single-parent families are both at higher risk than girls and boys from dual-parent families.
95
184.) To reduce the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia, which of the following would be most effective?
a drug that decreases dopamine levels
96
121.) In terms of sexual orientation, most men who receive a diagnosis of Transvestic Disorder identify themselves as:
solely or predominantly heterosexual.
97
126.) From the perspective of structural family therapy, triangulation, parent-child coalition, and detouring are:
methods for maintaining homeostasis.
98
154.) A former client leaves a voicemail message requesting that you send a copy of her clinical records to her new therapist. She leaves the new therapist's address and phone number. You should:
contact the client to clarify what information should be sent to the therapist and to obtain a verbal or written consent from the client.
99
120.) When the symptoms of Bipolar Disorder have not responded to lithium or valproate/divalproex, the next drug to try would most likely be:
carbamazepine.
100
96.) Research (e.g., Davidson and Parker, 2001) evaluating the mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) has generally found that its beneficial effects are attributable to:
exposure to the feared stimulus.
101
189.) A patient with Schizophrenia is prescribed a traditional neuroleptic drug. Most likely this patient will first experience an improvement in which of the following symptoms?
Hallucinations
102
171.) You are asked by one of the parties in a custody case to offer an opinion as to the best custody arrangement for the couple's child at an upcoming hearing. The party making the request believes you are the best person to offer an opinion since you have been seeing the child in therapy since her parents separated 12 months ago. You should:
refuse to do so.
103
123.) "Culturally encapsulated" therapists:
define the reality of their clients according to their own cultural assumptions.
104
196.) To evaluate an intervention designed to increase the time a hyperactive child stays on-task when doing schoolwork, the best technique would be:
interval recording.
105
15.) A menopausal woman who is considering hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be advised that this treatment may do all of the following except:
increase sex drive.
106
17.) LISREL is used to analyze:
unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationships between measured and latent variables.
107
16.) When applying Bandura's social learning theory to training in the workplace, you would use which of the following techniques?
behavioral modeling
108
118.) The Taylor-Russell tables will indicate that a new selection test is most likely to be helpful in choosing job applicants who will be satisfactory employees when:
there are only a few job openings and many applicants for the job.
109
106.) Research on maternal employment has found that it is associated with:
lower school grades for middle- and upper middle-class boys.
110
50.) Studies investigating the impact of sexually explicit movies have found all of the following to be true except:
men who view X-rated films tend to rate their own sexual partner as more attractive.
111
220.) High scores on Scales 1 and 3 of the MMPI with a low score on Scale 2 are most suggestive of which of the following?
a somatoform disorder
112
177.) The concepts of "job relatedness" and "business necessity" are associated with which of the following?
adverse impact
113
61.) Intelligence test items assessing which of the following provide a measure of crystallized intelligence?
language comprehension
114
199.) You conduct an item analysis of the items you plan to include in a new test of computer knowledge. You obtain a p value of .85 for item #47. This indicates that this item:
is easy.
115
70.) A needs assessment ordinarily consists of three components. These are:
job, person, and organizational analysis.
116
31.) As defined by Alfred Adler, __________ refers to a person's goals and the ways in which he or she attempts to achieve those goals.
style of life
117
28.) A potential problem with the Premack Principle is that:
it may not be possible to apply the reinforcer immediately following the target behavior.
118
11.) Studies on concurrent schedules of reinforcement have found that an organism's relative frequency of responding to one alternative corresponds to the relative frequency of reinforcement for responses to that alternative. This phenomenon is referred to as:
the matching law.
119
7.) Solitary (non-social) play:
is not necessarily less mature than group play and, in some circumstances, may be associated with a high level of competence.
120
148.) According to the overjustification hypothesis:
external rewards decrease intrinsic interest.
121
201.) Research on goal-setting theory suggests that monetary incentives:
have a positive effect whether or not employees have been involved in goal-setting
122
100.) The APA's (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct states that, when conducting a psychological assessment of a client, an informed consent:
is required except in certain circumstances.
123
68.) The National Campaign on Teen Pregnancy (Kirby, 2001) concluded that which of the following has the strongest evidence of success for reducing teen pregnancy rates?
community-wide programs and initiatives
124
30.) Recent studies suggest that, for patients who develop tardive dyskinesia as a result of long-term neuroleptic use:
symptoms may eventually improve to some degree following neuroleptic withdrawal.
125
214.) Offense history has been found to be a good predictor of re-offense among juvenile offenders. Of the offense history factors, which is least predictive of re-offense?
number of prior arrests
126
159.) Research using elicited imitation tasks (e.g., imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet) indicate that, for most infants, the onset of the ability to recall the past occurs:
between 6 and 12 months of age.
127
54.) __________ theory predicts that we tend to like others whose initially negative feelings toward us change to positive feelings more than we like those who have positive feelings toward us from the beginning.
Gain-loss
128
188.) A colleague of yours, an industrial psychologist, designs a study to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and mental and physical health. Based on your knowledge of the research in this area, you tell him that:
there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and mental and physical health.
129
47.) According to Sternberg's (1998) triarchic theory, intelligence consists of which of the following three factors?
analytical, creative, and practical
130
103.) To be consistent with ethical requirements, when asked by a client's insurance company to electronically transfer confidential information about the client to the company, you should:
make sure that personal identifiers are coded or removed.
131
127.) A therapy client states that she believes she may have been sexually abused as a child but has no explicit memories of the abuse. She asks her therapist - who often uses hypnosis in his practice - to hypnotize her as a means of retrieving those memories. The psychologist is familiar with the statement issued by the APA's Working Group on Investigation of Memories of Child Abuse. Consequently, the psychologist will:
advise the woman that hypnosis is not an appropriate procedure for retrieving memories because it is likely to produce false recollections of abuse.
132
195.) Research investigating the effectiveness of training first-graders in the use of rehearsal strategies has found that:
these children learn to apply rehearsal to the current task but do not generalize this knowledge to other tasks.
133
145.) An African American individual in the immersion substage of the immersion-emersion stage of Cross's (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model will exhibit which of the following?
intense involvement in African American culture
134
71.) To determine the degree of association between two variables that are reported in terms of ranks, you would use which of the following correlation coefficients?
Spearman
135
52.) A solution-focused therapist is working with a family whose conversations frequently escalate to intense arguments. The therapist will most likely:
ask the family members if they can remember a time when they were able to talk to each other for an extended period without arguing.
136
80.) The symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder are categorized in three groups in the DSM-5. These groups are:
angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness.
137
58.) Brain imaging techniques have linked ADHD to smaller-than-normal globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and:
prefrontal cortex.
138
202.) On Holland's Self-Directed Search, the frequency with which an examinee's code occurred in the standardization sample is referred to as:
commonness.
139
136.) According to Bem's (1972) self-perception theory:
we infer our attitudes from our behaviors.
140
114.) Which of the following represents a phoneme?
"b"
141
192.) With regard to ethical guidelines, exposing animal subjects in a research study to stress or pain:
is permitted when alternative procedures are unavailable and the stress or pain is justified by the prospective value of the study's results.
142
22.) To establish a behavior that an individual does not naturally emit, you would use which of the following?
shaping
143
219.) Two weeks after witnessing the murder of a co-worker, Mrs. Cee develops a number of symptoms including a sense of detachment, flashbacks of the event, sleep problems, impaired concentration, a depressed mood, and an unwillingness to talk about the murder. She has had these symptoms for seven days. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis is:
Acute Stress Disorder.
144
82.) With regard to power in the client-therapist relationship, a feminist therapist would most likely:
acknowledge the power differential inherent in the relationship but view it as a temporary condition.
145
98.) Approximately 80% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms of the disorder as adolescents. However, in adolescence, symptoms of ____________ typically decrease.
Hyperactivity
146
88.) Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory distinguishes between three stages in gender identity development. The first stage is ________, which involves recognizing one's own gender and is ordinarily first apparent between 2 and 3 years of age.
gender identity
147
205.) According to Carstensen's (1999) socioemotional selectivity theory, differences in the preferences of adults for emotionally close versus novel social partners is related to:
differences in time perspective.
148
12.) The presence of which of the following symptoms would be more suggestive of a diagnosis of Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder than Caffeine Intoxication?
panic attacks
149
39.) Rational decision-making in organizations most often fails because:
there is insufficient information, time, and money.
150
140.) Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for migraine headache?
a 35 year old female who is perfectionistic and ambitious
151
132.) A mother of a newborn is most likely to say that, based on the nature of her baby's cry, she can tell if her baby is:
hungry, angry, or in pain.
152
164.) A young woman has just received a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Which of the following family members is most likely to receive the same diagnosis?
her identical twin
153
20.) The police arrive at your office with an arrest warrant for one of your clients. They tell you that they need the client's most recent address and telephone number. You should:
not give them any information about the client.
154
9.) For a person with Social Anxiety Disorder, panic attacks are:
cued by specific social situations.
155
24.) The phenomena known as retroactive and proactive interference are most useful for understanding which of the following?
forgetting (loss of memory)
156
143.) Recent cessation of long-term alcohol consumption may result in Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, a disorder that is characterized by:
delusions, hallucinations, and autonomic hyperactivity.
157
163.) Generally speaking, the psychological adjustment of children with chronic illness is most dependent on:
the child's level of functional disability.
158
144.) The primary advantage of manual-guided treatment is that the use of manuals:
standardizes treatment delivery so that, in research, treatment effects can be more clearly ascertained.
159
194.) Savin-Williams and Diamond (2000) investigated the sexual identity trajectories among sexual-minority youth and found that:
adolescent males had an earlier onset of all milestone except first disclosure of sexual orientation to another person.
160
62.) A test developer uses the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 to obtain a reliability coefficient for a test she has recently developed. The test developer has obtained an index of the test's:
internal consistency.
161
212.) A structural family therapist's interventions when working with a triangulated family will be designed to:
create stress in order to unbalance the family's homeostasis.
162
110.) From the perspective of classical conditioning, persistence of phobias is best explained by which of the following?
The person with a phobia avoids the conditioned stimulus.
163
91.) A psychotherapist is most likely to say that which of the following is the greatest source of stress in his or her work?
the lack of therapeutic success
164
122.) You receive a letter from the attorney of a former client requesting that you send test information to her from the client's file. The requested information will be used in a court case and includes the test questions, the client's responses to those questions, and the client's test scores. The attorney's letter is accompanied by a signed release from the client. To be consistent with ethical requirements, you should:
release the client’s responses and test scores but not the test questions.
165
34.) Pavlov produced "experimental neurosis" in experimental dogs by using which of the following procedures?
requiring the dogs to make difficult discriminations
166
14.) The most common cause of dementia in older adults is:
Alzheimer's disease.
167
36.) Amitriptyline is often used as a treatment for neuropathic pain, and it exerts its effects by:
increasing norepinephrine and serotonin levels.
168
94.) Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) multi-component model of working memory includes all of the following components except:
a semantic-abstract processor.
169
27.) When calculating the t-statistic for independent samples, use of the "pooled variance" is based on the assumption that:
the population variances are equal.
170
186.) Your new client, Jay J., age 31, complains that he's had trouble falling asleep at night for a number of years but that it's become a more significant problem since he got married last year because his sleep problems are now keeping his wife awake. You instruct Jay to go to bed only when he feels tired; to get out of bed, go to another room, and engage in a relaxing activity if he doesn't fall asleep within about 20 minutes after going to bed; to use the bed only for sleep and sexual activity; to get up in the morning at about the same time regardless of how much sleep he's had; and to avoid napping. You are using which of the following techniques?
stimulus control
171
169.) In Freudian psychoanalysis, clarification:
brings a confusing or unclear issue into focus.
172
119.) The research has found that the more widely that lesbians disclose their sexual orientation to others, the more likely they will:
report higher levels of self-esteem.
173
168.) According to _______________, depression is attributable to deficits in self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement.
Rehm’s self-control theory
174
21.) PKU (phenylketonuria) is an inherited disorder that can cause Intellectual Disability:
only in individuals who are homozygous for the condition.
175
161.) Studies investigating anxiety over the lifespan suggest that, when compared to younger adults, older adults are:
more likely to believe their symptoms are due to physical health problems.
176
3.) During an initial session with a client, the client tells Dr. Paphian that he and his wife have not been getting along well lately, and he thinks they may need couples counseling. As the client describes his wife, Dr. Paphian realizes that he had a brief affair with her ten years ago (prior to her marriage). Dr. Paphian should:
not see the husband or the couple in therapy but, instead, make a referral to another therapist.
177
78.) Research on bystander apathy (Latane and Darley, 1968) found that a victim is most likely to obtain help from a bystander when there is:
only one bystander.
178
32.) Which of the following is not an example of an incentive plan?
flexible benefit plan
179
81.) Abraham Maslow derived his need hierarchy theory from:
his experiences as a clinical psychologist.
180
203.) Dynamic assessment is useful for:
determining the extent to which a test-taker will benefit from assistance or instruction.
181
138.) Longitudinal research by John M. Gottman (1994) has linked criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling to a high risk for:
divorce in the first seven years following marriage.
182
107.) All of the following tend to enhance the effectiveness of punishment as a method for eliminating a target behavior except:
administering the punishment on an intermittent schedule.
183
73.) Self-monitoring is used in cognitive-behavioral therapies:
as both an assessment tool and an intervention.
184
59.) Matching a therapy client to his/her therapist in terms of ethnicity or culture:
is a more accurate predictor of treatment length than treatment outcome.
185
224.) When asked to testify in court regarding a defendant's potential for future violence, it is important to remember that the best predictor of future violence is:
past history of violent behavior.
186
19.) Which of the following is most relevant to equity theory?
social comparison theory
187
99.) Which of the following individuals is most likely to have hypertension?
a 65-year-old African-American woman
188
222.) When using the split-half method to estimate the reliability of a 100-item speed test:
the resulting reliability coefficient will overestimate the reliability of the test if the split is made on the basis of odd- versus even-numbered items.
189
53.) The patient known as H.M. underwent a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy as a treatment for severe epilepsy. Following the surgery, he exhibited which of the following?
an inability to form new memories.
190
204.) Job applicants complain that the biographical information blank (BIB) they are required to complete includes many items that seem entirely unrelated to their ability to do the job and argue that these items are an invasion of privacy. The concerns of these applicants suggest that the BIB lacks:
face validity.
191
179.) Dr. Tout, a psychologist, has been asked to serve as a fact witness by the plaintiff's attorney. The plaintiff was in a car accident three months ago and is claiming that he has suffered from persistent emotional problems as a result of the accident. He has been seeing Dr. Tout in therapy for these problems for several weeks. During her testimony in court, Dr. Tout is asked by the plaintiff's attorney whether, in her opinion, the patient's emotional difficulties are directly related to the accident. Dr. Tout should:
not comply with the request unless she is ordered to do so by the court.
192
64.) Of the "big five" personality traits, ____________ has most consistently been linked to job performance across a variety of jobs.
Conscientiousness
193
162.) When calculating the F-ratio for an analysis of variance, which of the following provides an estimate of variability due to the effects of error only?
MSW
194
166.) To use two or more categorical variables to predict status on a single categorical variable, you would use which of the following?
logit analysis
195
124.) Research investigating the effects of normal aging on memory has found that:
episodic memory is affected more than semantic and procedural memory.
196
221.) "Vicarious liability" is most likely to be of concern when a psychologist is acting in the role of:
supervisor.
197
150.) A number of studies have found that African American patients are less likely than White patients to complete advance directives. This research also indicates that this is due to:
a low level of trust in the health care system.
198
108.) Pavlov found that requiring dogs to make difficult discriminations between stimuli during the course of conditioning trials led to which of the following?
experimental neurosis
199
133.) An electrolyte imbalance is a possible complication of Bulimia Nervosa. The danger of this complication lies in the fact that it can lead to:
cardiac arrhythmia and arrest.
200
174.) Patients who have recently started taking naltrexone (ReVia) as a treatment for alcohol dependence are most likely to experience which of the following drug side effects?
abdominal cramping, nausea, insomnia, nervousness, and headache
201
102.) Research on "motor imagination" indicates that which area of the brain is most likely to be active when a person is imagining that he/she is engaging in a motor activity?
supplementary motor area
202
35.) A client reveals to you that he and a friend robbed a convenience store six months ago. He says he knows that what he did was wrong and will never do it again. He also says that he notices that you "make notes" while he is talking, and he asks that you not keep any written record of the robbery. You should:
determine whether the robbery is clinically relevant before deciding whether or not to include information about it in his file.
203
207.) Children's understanding of race as a physical, social, and biological category is usually first evident by ____ years of age
10
204
167.) In terms of parenting styles, adolescent antisocial behavior is most associated with which of the following?
rejecting-neglecting
205
216.) In its statement on Legal Liability Related to Confidentiality and the Prevention of HIV Transmission, the American Psychological Association (1991) recommends that:
psychologists not be legally required to protect the partners of patients with HIV/AIDS.
206
183.) Anomia is a likely outcome of damage to which of the following areas of the brain?
Wernicke’s area
207
129.) Children between the ages of approximately _______ years are in the phallic stage of psychosexual development according to Freud and in the initiative vs. guilt stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson.
3 to 6
208
66.) The Ethics Code requires that a psychologist discuss the issue of fees and billing policies with a new client:
as early as is feasible.
209
135.) In treating a client, a practitioner of Reality Therapy would most likely be interested in which of the following?
the client's sense of responsibility and needs for power, freedom, and belongingness
210
175.) When an assumption for a one-way ANOVA is violated, the best course of action would be to use which of the following to analyze the data?
Kruskal-Wallis
211
13.) Which of the following is not an empirically supported treatment for primary insomnia?
habit reversal training
212
131.) In their prospective study of patients who underwent sex reassignment surgery, Smith et al. (2005) found that:
the majority of patients no longer expressed gender dysphoria following surgery.
213
85.) From the perspective of Cross's (1991, 2001) Black Racial Identity Development Model, change in the direction of greater racial or ethnic awareness is:
the result of exposure to events that increased the salience of race.
214
213.) When evaluating a treatment for children with serious behavioral disorders, to overcome the ethical problems associated with the use of a wait-list control group, the best research design would be which of the following?
single-subject
215
5.) Mental health professionals are sometimes called upon to assist the court in assessing a person's potential for violent behavior. In general, the predictions made by psychologists and psychiatrists yield an abundance of:
false positives.
216
160.) The phenomenon known as "spontaneous recovery" confirms the hypothesis that the loss of a conditioned response represents which of the following?
Inhibition
217
109.) A four-year old who hates strings beans gets upset when his mother cuts them into small pieces because he thinks that he now has to eat more beans. A Piagetian would describe this as an example of which of the following?
irreversibility
218
97.) Research has confirmed that, when making attributions about our own behavior, we ordinarily attribute behaviors that have positive outcomes to dispositional factors but behaviors that have negative outcomes to situational factors. This tendency is referred to as the:
self-serving bias.
219
209.) A common migraine:
does not begin with an aura and may be exacerbated by bending over or lifting.
220
83.) A psychologist is hired by a defendant's attorney to evaluate the defendant for a possible insanity defense. Prior to conducting the evaluation, the psychologist:
should inform the defendant that information will be provided only to his attorney unless the defendant and his attorney decide to use the results of the evaluation to support an insanity defense.
221
45.) Which of the following is an example of elaborative rehearsal?
relating new information to previously acquired information
222
8.) During the third therapy session, a client confides to her psychologist that she was once a prostitute. The psychologist is offended by this type of behavior, feels incapable of dealing with the client objectively, and terminates therapy immediately. His action is:
unethical because it represents abandonment of the client.
223
4.) According to Helms's White Identity Development Model, the reintegration stage is characterized by:
adopting a belief in white superiority and minority inferiority.
224
115.) A therapy client's negative transference is most likely to be manifested in which of the following ways?
The client will criticize the therapist and be pessimistic about the outcomes of therapy.
225
112.) You have been seeing a couple in therapy for six months. The wife calls you and says she wants to start seeing you for individual sessions also. You should:
bring up this possibility in the next couples session.
