2 Flashcards
1
Q
Longitudinal studies of individuals who receive a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder in adolescence or early adulthood indicate that these individuals often exhibit a reduction or remission in symptoms over time. However, recovery varies for type of symptom, with _________ symptoms showing the least amount of improvement with increasing age.
A
affective
2
Q
According to Fiedler’s contingency model, leadership is most effective when the leader’s style (task- or person-oriented) matches which of the following?
A
degree of situational control
3
Q
From the perspective of the situational leadership model, when an employee is both competent and confident, the best leadership style is which of the following?
A
delegating
4
Q
The gross motor milestones for children _____ years of age include pedaling a tricycle, kicking a stationary ball forward, throwing a ball overhand, going up stairs using alternate feet, and running without falling.
A
three
5
Q
For a client or former client to successfully bring a charge of malpractice against a psychologist, he/she must show that:
A
the psychologist’s actions were the cause of a demonstrable injury.
6
Q
To assess the general intelligence of a six-year old child who is deaf, you would use which of the following tests?
A
Hiskey-Nebraska
7
Q
Tetraplegia is most likely to be the outcome of spinal cord injury at the ________ level.
A
C1-C7
8
Q
In Aaron Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpretations and assumptions underlying a client’s problems are:
A
viewed as “testable hypotheses.”
9
Q
In response to the cries of an infant:
A
most adults (both parents and non-parents) exhibit an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
10
Q
Research on relapse following smoking cessation has found which of the following to be true?
A
About two-thirds of smokers who quit on their own or with the assistance of an intervention relapse within three months of quitting.
11
Q
At a receptor site, an antagonist drug works by:
A
blocking a neurotransmitter’s access to the site.
12
Q
Research has demonstrated that recall of recently learned information is greater after five hours of sleep than after five hours of wakeful activity. This finding tends to discredit which of the following theories of forgetting?
A
trace decay
13
Q
Dr. Acedia receives a phone call from a woman who he was sexually involved with for six months. The affair ended four years ago and Dr. Acedia has had little contact with the woman since that time. The woman says she is having trouble getting over the death of her younger sister and would like to begin counseling with Dr. Acedia. According to the Ethics Code:
A
it is not acceptable for Dr. Acedia to work with the woman in therapy.
14
Q
Studies comparing the age at which gays and lesbians first disclose their sexual orientation to a friend, family member, or other person have found that:
A
the average ages of disclosure for gay men and lesbians are not significantly different.
15
Q
“Dummy coding” is used:
A
so that categorical variables can be included in a multiple regression equation.
16
Q
Ataxia is a common symptom of advanced multiple sclerosis and is characterized by:
A
impaired coordination and balance.
17
Q
During her first therapy session, a client tells you that she wants to pay for her sessions in cash and that she doesn’t want you to keep a record of her sessions or payments. If you agree to this arrangement:
A
you are acting unethically and possibly illegally.
18
Q
You hear a rumor that one of your co-workers has a habit of sexually harassing the younger female employees. You start paying closer attention to his behavior and discover that the rumors are not unfounded. Your best course of action in this situation would be to:
A
discuss your observations and the rumors you have heard with the co-worker.
19
Q
Which of the following best describes the relationship between REM sleep and dreaming?
A
Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep and dreams during non-REM sleep are less vivid and elaborate and more realistic.
20
Q
A person who experiences cataplexy as part of his narcoleptic attacks will most likely try to avoid:
A
expressing strong emotions.
21
Q
According to ______________, a person’s career concept can be described as linear, expert, spiral, or transitory.
A
Brousseau and Driver
22
Q
In the context of incremental validity, the positive hit rate is calculated by:
A
dividing the true positives by the total positives.
23
Q
With regard to informed consents in research, APA’sEthics Code:
A
requires psychologists to provide potential research participants with specific information in “reasonably understandable language” prior to consenting to participate.
24
Q
Underlying the technique known as stress inoculation is the assumption that:
A
successful coping with stress in the present strengthens the ability to cope with stress in the future.
25
Research looking at the relationship between "expressed emotion" and Schizophrenia has found that
a high degree of negative expressed emotion by family members is associated with a high-risk for relapse for a person with this disorder.
26
Dr. Agape uses a dismantling strategy to identify the "active ingredient" of systematic desensitization. He is most likely to find that which of the following is the critical component?
extinction
27
A test developer uses a multitrait-multimethod matrix to organize the data she has collected in a validation study of her newly developed self-report measure of self-esteem. The matrix indicates that the correlation between her self-report measure of self-esteem and an established (previously validated) teacher rating of self-esteem is .91. This correlation coefficient suggests that the self-report measure of self-esteem has:
adequate convergent validity
28
Gregory Herek (2000) proposes that the terms "sexual prejudice," "sexual stigma," and "heterosexism" be
used as substitutes for:
| homophobia.
29
An organizational psychologist conducts a(n) _________ to determine the relative worth of a job compared to other jobs.
job evaluation
30
A T score of 65 or higher on the MMPI-2 clinical scales is most suggestive of:
a high level of psychological symptoms being reported.
31
Virginia Satir's approach to family therapy emphasizes:
styles of communication.
32
A test developer uses a multitrait-multimethod matrix to organize the data she has collected in a validation study of her newly developed self-report measure of self-esteem. The matrix indicates that the correlation between her self-report measure of self-esteem and an established (previously validated) teacher rating of self-esteem is .91. This correlation coefficient is referred to as a:
monotrait-heteromethod coefficient.
33
Research on parenting styles suggests that parents who are _____________ are most likely to have adolescents who are high in academic achievement.
high in both demandingness and warmth
34
Because research has found low to moderate inter-rater reliability for the diagnosis of __________, there is some controversy among experts regarding its validity.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
35
In their study of outpatient mental health services in Los Angeles County, Sue et al. (1991) found that, while clients from all group showed improvement at the end of therapy, __________ had the best outcomes.
Hispanic Americans
36
During the course of data analysis, a researcher more often double-checks results that seem to conflict with her hypothesis than results that confirm it. This is an example of:
the experimenter expectancy effect.
37
In an enmeshed family in which an overcontrolling father constantly nags and yells at his 18-and 15-year old sons, a structural family therapist is most likely to do which of the following?
manipulate the family's mood by nagging even more and yelling even louder
38
You are asked to assist with a single-parent therapy group. The therapist leading the group is also conducting a study designed to evaluate the psychological problems of parents who are raising their children alone. You become aware that the therapist has not informed group participants that they do not have to be included as subjects in the research project. Your first action should be to:
advise the therapist that he is acting unethically.
39
Research on the etiology of Tourette's syndrome has linked it to excessive activity of dopamine receptors in the:
caudate nucleus.
40
Anna, age 34, tells you that she is convinced that she is extremely overweight even though her body mass index is within normal limits. She says that she's mostly concerned about her "fat thighs and stomach" which make her feel ugly and that she's afraid to go out in public because she thinks people will ridicule her. If a DSM-5 diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder is the appropriate diagnosis for Anna, further questioning of Anna will confirm that:
she performs repetitive behaviors or mental acts related to her concerns about her weight.
41
If an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented just prior to a conditioned stimulus in order to replace an undesirable response with a more desirable one, which of the following will most likely occur?
The target behavior will not change in frequency.
42
The most likely side effects of propranolol (Inderal) are:
bradycardia and depression.
43
A pigeon is placed in a cage that has two levers. Lever #1 delivers reinforcement on a VI-30-second schedule, while Lever #2 delivers reinforcement on a VI-60-second schedule. What proportion of the pigeon's pecks will be on Lever #1?
two-thirds
44
Research on the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy with older adults has found that it is:
usually most effective when it is conducted at a slower pace and at higher levels of abstraction.
45
As conceptualized in Bronfenbrenner's (1995) ecological systems theory, the exosystem includes which of the following?
elements in the larger social system that the child does not have direct contact with but that affect his/her immediate environment
46
As the result of head trauma, a young man experiences damage to the primary motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere. This is most likely to have which of the following effects?
loss of voluntary movement in his right hand and fingers
47
For a team working on an interdependent task:
a combination of group and individual goals results in better performance than individual goals alone.
48
A psychology intern administers tests to clients of a mental health clinic, but her supervisor scores the tests and interprets their results. When preparing the psychological report, the supervisor does not indicate that the intern administered the tests. This is:
unethical since the intern should be listed as the examiner in the report.
49
According to Maslow's theory of motivation, when a person's prepotent need is ungratified:
the ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator.
50
A researcher interested in retention of information in short-term memory shows participants a list of five letters ("C-S-J-Z-M") and asks them to memorize the list. She then instructs the participants to count backwards by 3's from 99. After six seconds, 12 seconds, and 18 seconds, the researcher asks the participants to recall the list. The reason why participants are instructed to count backwards is:
to keep them from rehearsing the list of letters.
51
According to the Health Belief Model, health behavior is related to:
perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits.
52
Two weeks before the election for senior class president, the four candidates are given the opportunity to deliver a 10-minute speech during a school assembly. Sally Smart is familiar with research on the recency and primacy effects and, therefore, asks if she can speak:
first.
53
In discussing a depressed client, a therapist says the client's problems are due to the fact that she did not experience normal grief following the death of her mother three years ago. He says that the focus of treatment will be on helping the client go through the grieving process and restore her interests and friendships so that she can overcome her loss. Apparently, this therapist is a practitioner of:
interpersonal therapy.
54
You are picnicking in Yellowstone National Park and are approached by a large bear who seems to be interested in your cold cuts. You notice that the bear is two feet taller than you, has long teeth, and is drooling. You decide to run away as fast as you possibly can. Which of the following glands produces the substance that will help you successfully evade the bear?
adrenal
55
A patient taking a benzodiazepine develops several undesirable symptoms including insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, and rage reactions. These symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following?
"paradoxical agitation"
56
As defined by Minuchin, triangulation is a
way for family members to avoid dealing with stress or conflict
57
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summary statements are considered the principle skills or strategies of:
motivational interviewing.
58
Diana Baumrind (1971) and her colleagues describe parenting styles in terms of two dimensions - demandingness and responsiveness. For example, the authoritative style is characterized by:
high demandingness, high responsiveness
59
In a factor matrix, the factor loading for Test A and Factor II is .70. This means that:
49% of variability in Test A is accounted for by Factor II.
60
One approach to distinguishing between depression and anxiety involves considering three dimensions of emotion -- negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. From this perspective, compared to depression, anxiety involves:
a similar level of negative affect but a higher level of both autonomic arousal and positive affect.
61
"Criterion contamination" is most likely to be a problem when the measure of job performance:
is subjectively scored.
62
Akathisia is characterized by:
unpleasant feelings of physical restlessness.
63
Research on characteristics associated with successful smoking cessation suggests that which of the following individuals is most likely to relapse following an attempt to stop smoking cigarettes?
a 25 year old single man who started smoking at age 16
64
In organizations, employee surveys are most often conducted to:
evaluate employee attitudes and opinions about an intervention.
65
To construct the 68% confidence interval for an examinee's obtained test score, you would need the examinee's score and:
the standard error of measurement.
66
Among bilingual speakers, those who exhibit "code-switching"
go back and forth between languages during the course of a conversation as a way to better express themselves.
67
A number of studies have been conducted in the last decade to examine the interaction between cognition and affect. One consistent finding of this research is that:
people in a positive mood perceive, encode, and retrieve positive information more efficiently, while people in a negative mood perceive, encode, and retrieve negative information more efficiently.
68
Research investigating the effects of Head Start and similar compensatory education programs has found that these programs:
have benefits in terms of academic outcomes, social adjustment, and employment.
69
The use of Haloperidol or other dopamine blocking agent for the treatment of Tourette's Disorder:
can be problematic in many cases because of the severe side effects of these drugs.
70
The standard error of the mean, an index of sampling error, increases as:
the population standard deviation increases.
71
As described in the DSM-5, the characteristic symptoms of Substance Use Disorder can be categorized in terms of which of the following?
impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria
72
A psychologist is asked to evaluate a prisoner for the purpose of making a recommendation about the prisoner's readiness for parole. To be consistent with ethical guidelines, the psychologist should:
conduct the evaluation as long as the prisoner has been told the purpose of the evaluation and has been warned about the limits on confidentiality.
73
A new client tells the clinician that she's been feeling "down in the dumps" and "completely worthless" for the last five or six days. She also says she's having trouble sleeping, has lost her appetite, and feels anxious "all the time." The client denies having previous mood problems and states that there are no particular stressors in her life. The client's symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses?
Other Specified Depressive Disorder
74
Use of which of the following designs involves administering each level of the independent variable to participants so that it appears the same number of times in each position (first, second, etc.)?
Latin square
75
As defined by Aaron Beck, __________ involves drawing a specific conclusion about an experience in the absence of supporting evidence for that conclusion.
arbitrary inference
76
Which of the following is most useful for explaining the phenomenon known as the "serial position effect"?
the multi-store (three-box) model of memory
77
The belief that job-related behaviors are related to the similarity between basic personality and characteristics of the work environment underlies which of the following?
Holland's occupational themes
78
If an alpha error is equivalent to a false positive, then a beta error is equivalent to a:
false negative.
79
A child living in the United States is exposed to both English and a second language between the ages of six months and three years and, as result, becomes fluent in both languages. If the child had not been exposed to the second language until after the age of 4 or 5, she would have had more trouble acquiring the second language. This provides evidence for:
the concept of sensitive periods.
80
A woman is having trouble with her six-month old son who often "fusses" at bedtime and wakes up at least once or twice during the night. She does an Internet search on the problem and finds several articles about Dr. Richard Ferber. She learns that his method for getting babies to sleep ("Ferberizing") is supported by many experts and involves:
a "progressive-waiting" approach.
81
A psychology intern considers her supervisor to be likeable, admirable, and accepting. As a consequence, the intern is open and responsive to her supervisor's comments and recommendations. In this situation, the intern is responding to her supervisor's:
referent power.
82
Fourteen-year-old Kevin Kendall frequently uses four-letter words when he's with his friends because they respond positively when he does so. However, Kevin never uses those words when he's at home with his family because his parents and siblings become very upset when he uses them. Kevin's differential use of four-letter words in different settings illustrates the concept of:
stimulus control.
83
A 50-year-old man with a frontal lobe tumor frequently makes lewd comments, engages in inappropriate sexual behavior, and sometimes responds to events with an unexpected aggressive outburst. Other symptoms likely to be exhibited by this man include:
distractibility and emotional lability.
84
From the perspective of structural family therapy, a therapist's failure to __________ is likely to produce resistance among family members.
join the family
85
Which of the following would probably be LEAST useful when a therapist is working with an Asian or Asian American client?
establishing an egalitarian relationship with the client early in therapy
86
Use of which of the following provided Broadbent (1958) with support for his filter theory of attention?
dichotic listening task
87
According to the "hostile attribution bias" (Crick & Dodge, 1994; Dodge, 1980):
aggressive children are more likely than nonaggressive children to interpret the ambiguous actions of peers as intentionally hostile.
88
Piaget attributed the animistic thinking characteristic of children in the preoperational stage to:
egocentrism.
89
Overtraining is most associated with:
decreased motivation and performance.
90
When using the survey feedback method in an organization, the purpose of the feedback is to:
provide employees with information about the organization's strengths and weaknesses.
91
According to Miller (1956), the average number of "chunks" of information that can be retained in short-term memory is:
7 + 2.
92
In recent years, psychologists have attempted to become more sensitive to the uniqueness of each culture. This sensitivity is most consistent with: .
an emic approach
93
A manager engaged in long-range planning for his company is fairly confident about the strategic plan he has developed for the future but has some reservations about its acceptability. In this situation, the approach-avoidance conflict model predicts that, as it gets closer to the time to implement the plan:
the positive and negative aspects of the plan will both increase in strength for the manager, but the negative aspects will increase more.
94
A man who smokes two packs a day says he has decided to stop smoking the day after his birthday, which is two weeks away. According to Prochaska and DiClemente (1992), this man is in which of the following stages of the change process?
preparation
95
A psychologist would most likely administer the Vineland-II when:
she is assessing an individual for Intellectual Disability.
96
If a health care provider is faced with a conflict between state law and the HIPAA requirements:
the HIPAA requirement would preempt state law when it provides the client with greater privacy protection or control over access to his/her records.
97
According to Gyorgy Gergely (1994), visual feature representation is a necessary precondition for:
mirror self-recognition.
98
Left-right confusion is most likely to be caused by a lesion in the:
left parietal region.
99
A therapist relying on a solution-focused family therapy approach would be most interested in which of the following?
miracle and scaling questions
100
A researcher wants to compare the effects of four different prevention programs on willingness to use safe-sex practices for sexually active male and female adolescents. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the four programs and six months later will be asked to indicate if they engaged in safe sex all of the time, some of the time, or never. The appropriate statistical test for analyzing the obtained data is which of the following?
multiple-sample chi-square test
101
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to:
evaluate the causal (predictive) influences of multiple latent factors
102
Dr. Dilemma is contacted by an insurance company, which wants information about a previous client of hers. The client's fee was paid by the insurance company when he was seeing her, and the insurance company now wants information for part of its regular peer review process. Dr. Dilemma's best course of action would be to:
provide the insurance company with the information it requests only after ensuring that the company will take steps to protect the client's confidentiality.
103
Researchers interested in the effects of aging on autobiographical memory use the term "reminiscence bump" to describe the tendency of adults aged 65 and older to have the largest number of memories for events that occurred when they were between the ages of:
10 and 30.
104
Which of the following theories of leadership provides a leader with a decision tree to help him or her decide whether an autocratic, consultative, or group decision-making style is optimal given the characteristics of the situation?
Vroom, Yetton, and Jago's leader-participation model
105
There is now evidence that nicotine enhances alertness and memory by mimicking __________ at nicotinic receptor sites.
acetylcholine
106
Social psychology theory predicts which of the following with regard to a client's attraction to his or her therapist?
The client will be more susceptible to the therapist's attempts at influence when he/she is attracted to the therapist.
107
Which of the following is not a necessary condition for a claim of malpractice against a therapist:
there must be no "reasonable doubt" that an alternative course of action (treatment) was available.
108
Your new client, Annabelle A., reports that she has felt fidgety and anxious and has been unable to sleep for the past few weeks. She also complains of heart palpitations, weight loss, and a reduced ability to pay attention to her schoolwork. Despite the cold weather, she is wearing a cotton dress without a coat or sweater. Annabelle's symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following?
hyperthyroidism
109
Which of the following is listed in the DSM as a diagnostic (versus associated) feature for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
lack of remorse
110
Clozapine (Clozaril) is sometimes preferable to chlorpromazine (Thorazine) as a treatment for Schizophrenia because it is less likely to produce:
extrapyramidal side effects.
111
A dopamine agonist would be LEAST useful for treating which of the following?
the cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease
112
A moderator variable:
affects the direction or strength of the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
113
Following the death of his mother, Dr. Beasley, a clinical psychologist, finds he is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, and is having some trouble concentrating when listening to his clients during therapy sessions. In this situation, to fulfill the requirements of the APA's Ethics Code, Dr. Beasley should:
seek consultation to determine if he should temporarily suspend his practice or take some other course of action.
114
Research on sexual and nonsexual dual relationships between therapists and their clients has found that:
in a sexual dual relationship, the client is, on the average, 10 years younger than the therapist.
115
The Working Memory Index of the WAIS-IV consists of which of the following subtests?
Digit Span, Arithmetic, and Letter-Number Sequencing
116
Research investigating the relationship between unemployment and mental health has generally found that:
the rates of depression and other neurotic disorders are substantially higher among the unemployed than the employed.
117
The "storm and stress theory" of adolescent mental health proposes that most adolescents experience extensive physical, social, and psychological turmoil. Research conducted in the past three or four decades on this topic:
indicates that, for the large majority of individuals, adolescence is not a time of significant "storm and stress."
118
A 31-year old male client presents with delusions and auditory hallucinations. His wife says that his symptoms developed soon after the sudden death of his mother nearly three weeks ago. The tentative diagnosis is:
Brief Psychotic Disorder.
119
A memory in sensory memory:
is coded in the form of the original stimulus.
120
The primary goal of self-instructional training (SIT) for children exhibiting hyperactivity and excessive impulsivity is to:
insert thought between stimulus and response
121
Research examining the relationship between mild depression and autobiographical memory has found that, in comparison to the memories of people who are nondysphoric, the memories of people who are dysphoric are:
less detailed and more negative.
122
Which of the following systems has/have been linked to Social Phobias?
serotonergic and dopaminergic
123
Vygotsky proposed that which of the following creates a "zone of proximal development" for young children?
"make-believe" play
124
A psychologist is hired to perform a court-ordered evaluation of a defendant in a criminal case. The psychologist discusses the purpose of the evaluation with the defendant who then says he does not want to cooperate. According to the Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology (APA, 2012), the psychologist should:
postpone the evaluation and advise the defendant to contact his attorney.
125
Broca's area is to the left frontal lobe as Wernicke's area is to the:
left temporal lobe.
126
A DSM diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder requires the presence or history of:
at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode.
127
The tendency to seek or pay attention only to information that confirms our beliefs is referred to as:
the confirmation bias.
128
The basic premise underlying goal-setting theory is that:
a person's conscious goals and intentions regulate his or her actual behavior.
129
When using the DSM-5, the diagnosis of Delusional Disorder requires the presence of:
one or more delusions for at least one month.
130
For children with a learning disorder, the most frequent co-diagnosis is ADHD, with approximately _____% of children with a learning disorder also receiving the latter diagnosis.
20 to 30
131
The primary target of "advocacy consultation" is best described as:
social change.
132
You would be most concerned about a child with ADHD being prescribed methylphenidate if he has a co-diagnosis of:
Tourette's Disorder
133
You assessed a defendant who is accused of rape using a single standardized personality inventory. The defendant's profile does not seem to be consistent with the nature of the crime. You should:
should not base a conclusion on the results of a single assessment profile.
134
During a group therapy session, a few group members complain that some of the members have not been disclosing information about themselves. Other members become defensive and say that they don't feel like they should be required to talk about themselves. A therapist relying on the approach advocated by Irvin Yalom (1985) would:
encourage members to discuss the meaning of the conflict for them.
135
Research conducted in the past 15 to 20 years on parents' gender-related stereotypes of their offspring has found that:
parents perceive boys and girls differently within 24 hours after the child’s birth.
136
In their research on terrorist groups, McCauley and Segal (1987) found that, when people come together because of a shared grievance, their views often become increasingly extreme as they continue to interact in isolation from possible moderating influences. This finding supports which of the following?
group polarization
137
Which of the following is characterized by intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors that involve touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person.
frotteurism
138
According to French and Raven, an example of referent power would be a leader who:
is admired.
139
Otitis media (OM) is a frequently-diagnosed childhood disease. Research on the long-term consequences of chronic OM has found that, in general:
it is associated with mild to moderate hearing loss that may have a negative impact on school achievement.
140
In contrast to most organic forms of amnesia, Dissociative Amnesia usually:
affects memory for events that occurred at the time of the trauma that precipitated the amnesia and for a circumscribed period following the trauma.
141
A couple comes to therapy complaining that their conversations always end up as arguments. In talking with the couple, you realize that a common pattern is for one partner to make an offensive comment to the other and for the other partner to respond with an even more offensive remark. This pattern of communication is referred to as:
symmetrical.
142
R. Martin (1978) proposed that which of the following bases of social power are most important for the success of mental health consultation?
expert and referent
143
For most children, holophrastic speech begins between the ages of:
12 to 18 months.
144
When asked to recall an accident you witnessed two weeks ago, which of the following will be involved?
episodic memory
145
Due to recent changes in technology, a company vice president realizes that many employees will need to be retrained. The first step in identifying training needs will most likely be:
conducting a needs assessment.
146
Interoceptive exposure involves:
exposure to bodily sensations associated with anxiety reactions.
147
A child who has just progressed into Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development has been caught stealing from other children at school. The child's parents would be best advised to do which of the following to discourage the child's stealing?
Help her understand how the children she steals from feel about having their things taken.
148
Survey feedback is a method of organizational development that is based on the premise that:
employees need to understand an organization's strengths and weaknesses
149
You receive an order from the court to conduct a presentencing evaluation of a defendant who has been convicted of murder. You should:
discuss the limits of confidentiality with the defendant even though a release of information is not legally required in this situation
150
Visual agnosia is best conceptualized as:
visual "not knowing."
151
Restitution and positive practice are components of which of the following interventions?
overcorrection
152
Quality assurance is least concerned with:
cost-effectiveness of services.
153
Research on the impact of parents' gender stereotypes about math ability on their children's interest in math has found that:
maternal and paternal stereotypes have an impact on the math interest of both boys and girls.
154
Which of the following is specifically excluded as a "disability" in the Americans with Disabilities Act?
transvestism
155
A domain-referenced score is most useful for:
determining an examinee's level of mastery of a particular content domain.
156
Higher scores on the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) have been linked to a number of negative outcomes including lower self-esteem, more symptoms of depression, and more somatic complaints. For example, a study by Good et al. (1995) found that, for male college students, scores on which of the following subscales of the GRSC are most predictive of scores on a measure of psychological distress?
restrictive emotionality
157
Hypnagogic hallucinations are:
false perceptions that occur when falling asleep.
158
Presence of which of the following symptoms would help confirm a DSM diagnosis of Inhalant Intoxication?
unsteady gait, slurred speech, and tremor
159
The use of functional brain imaging techniques to study ADHD has linked its symptoms to lower-than-normal levels of metabolic activity in the:
Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.
160
In his research, a cognitive psychologist uses paired-associate and serial learning tasks. Apparently this psychologist is investigating:
verbal learning.
161
In her discussion of African American middle-class families, Boyd-Franklin (1989) notes that, in terms of family roles, these families tend to be:
egalitarian.
162
For a person with Bipolar Disorder, the risk for suicide is greatest:
when depressive symptoms have become less severe.
163
A 12-month old baby who has been classified as "insecure/ambivalent" is reunited with his mother in Ainsworth's "Strange Situation." Most likely, this baby will:
hit or push his mother when she approaches and continue to cry after she picks him up.
164
An evaluation of a defendant's competence in a criminal court case is conducted to determine his/her mental status:
at the time of the evaluation.
165
The participants in a research study you are conducting at a university are all students in an introductory psychology class. As part of the study, you administer a test to each student that has been found to be an excellent predictor of suicide risk. You discover that one of the student's scores on the test indicate that he is at high risk for suicide. Your best initial course of action would be to:
discuss your concerns with the student immediately.
166
The best way to maximize a research study's external validity is to:
randomly select research participants from the target population.
167
A client who terminated therapy with Dr. Demit several months ago calls to request an appointment because he has become very depressed and is feeling suicidal. In the past few months, Dr. Demit has been reducing her practice because she is getting ready to retire. The best course of action in this situation is for Dr. Demit to:
see the man until the crisis has passed and then provide him with appropriate referrals.
168
Dr. Kairos receives a phone call from the father of a 7-year old girl whom he has been seeing in therapy for several months. The father wants Dr. Kairos to call the child's school and provide the school psychologist with the results of her recent evaluation of the child's cognitive functioning. The school psychologist is going to meet with the principal within the hour to discuss the possibility of placing the girl in a special education class. Dr. Kairos should:
agree to provide the information and document the father's permission to release it to the school psychologist by placing a note in the girl's file.
169
Prochaska, Norcross, and DiClemente's (1994) transtheoretical model distinguishes between 10 different change processes and proposes that the most effective combination of processes depends on a client's stage of change. For example, they recommend consciousness raising, dramatic relief, and environmental re-evaluation as useful strategies for helping clients transition into the __________ stage.
contemplation
170
Siegel and Langford (1998) found which of the following MMPI-2 score patterns to be characteristic of mothers who were going through a custody evaluation and exhibited behaviors associated with parental alienation syndrome?
elevated L and K scale scores and low F scale score
171
In terms of long-term effects, the most successful treatment for a DSM diagnosis of Enuresis is:
the night alarm.
172
A practitioner of nonsexist therapy:
uses non-biased techniques designed to promote personal growth.
173
According to Hamburger et al. (1996), psychopathic personality traits interact with biological sex to produce Antisocial Personality Disorder in males and __________ Personality Disorder in females.
Histrionic
174
The rotating shift is associated with a number of adverse consequences including fatigue, concentration, and performance errors. The negative effects can be reduced, however, when:
the rotation is clockwise and either rapid (every 3 days) or slow (every 3 weeks).
175
From the perspective of the situational leadership model, a "telling" leadership style is most effective when an employee is:
low in ability and low in willingness.
176
Melzack and Wall's (1965) gate-control theory is useful for understanding how:
non-pain stimuli can block or modify the sensation of pain.
177
Poor performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is most suggestive of damage to the:
frontal lobes.
178
Haloperidol (Haldol) exerts its effects primarily by blocking _________ receptors in certain areas of the brain.
dopamine
179
The symptoms of PTSD are grouped in the DSM-5 in terms of which of the following clusters?
intrusion, avoidance, cognition and mood, and arousal and reactivity
180
When the results of test developer's validity study confirm that her new measure of an attribute correlates highly with an established measure of the same attribute and does not correlate highly with established measures of unrelated attributes, the test developer has evidence of her test's:
construct validity.
181
A slightly overweight psychological assistant wants to lose 15 pounds. The psychologist who employs her is a well-known authority on the use of behavioral techniques for weight reduction. Therefore, the assistant asks the psychologist if he will accept her as a client. The assistant is willing and able to pay the full fee for the treatment program. If the psychologist agrees to accept his assistant as a client, he will have:
acted unethically because his dual roles as therapist and employer may create a conflict
182
Tulving has divided memory into three types: procedural, episodic, and semantic. According to Tulving, semantic memory:
includes rules for manipulating words and symbols.
183
According to Cross (2001), an African American adult in which of the following stages of identity development is likely to say that racial discrimination is not a contributor to his problems and that he prefers to see a White therapist?
pre-encounter
184
Research suggests that, in comparison to popular children, less popular children tend to be all of the following except:
less friendly and sociable.
185
The duty to warn/protect established by the Tarasoff decision applies to:
clients who are a danger to an identifiable person or, in some jurisdictions, an identifiable class (group) of persons.
186
When using a Behaviorally-Anchored Rating Scale (BARS), scale points are "anchored" with:
critical incidents.
187
Al A., a lonely, single, middle-aged psychologist and college professor, is invited to a play by a graduate student, Betty B., who Al finds sexually attractive. Betty has returned to school after a 15-year absence and has been divorced for three years. If Al accepts Betty's invitation, he will:
not be acting unethically as long as Betty is a graduate student in a department other than the one Al teaches in.
188
A distribution of scores is ____________ when it is more "peaked" than a normal distribution.
leptokurtic
189
Research on sensory compensation in deaf children has found that:
children who are deaf perform similarly to peers without hearing deficits on most visual tasks.
190
The use of shaping to establish a complex behavior depends on which of the following?
positive reinforcement
191
A researcher wants to compare the immediate and long-term effects of three different treatments for PTSD. Consequently, she randomly assigns individuals who were recently exposed to the same trauma to either the EMDR, stress inoculation, or in vivo exposure group and then assesses their symptoms one week, one month, and three months after the end of treatment. The researcher is using which of the following research designs?
mixed
192
To evaluate the impact of an educational program on each student's mastery of the information presented, which of the following would be most useful?
criterion-referenced scores
193
During a court-ordered evaluation of a defendant to determine his competence to stand trial, the defendant reveals information that confirms his guilt. The psychologist conducting the evaluation should:
include only information relevant to the defendant's competence in the evaluation report.
194
An item discrimination (D) index of 0 for an item included in an academic achievement test indicates that:
the item was answered correctly by the same number of low- and high-achieving students
195
The __________ effect demonstrates that the automaticity of reading interferes with color naming.
Stroop
196
The most common informal caregivers for older adults with chronic health conditions are family members. More specifically, the most common primary caregiver is:
the spouse or adult daughter.
197
Eliana, age 32, tells you that she often has trouble concentrating on her work and falling asleep at night because she's constantly worrying about having cancer. She states that her older sister had surgery for breast cancer last year and her mother's sister and uncle both had lung cancer. Eliana says she gets a physical exam every six months and has been reassured by the doctor that she's okay; but she knows that, for some people, there are no symptoms of cancer until it's too late to do anything about it. Eliana also tells you that she keeps checking her breasts for lumps and gets scared whenever she coughs because she thinks it might be an early sign of lung cancer. Eliana's symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following DSM-5 disorders?
Illness Anxiety Disorder
198
Implicit memory is involved in:
buttoning your shirt when you get dressed in the morning.
199
The review process used by managed care organizations (MCOs) to ensure that providers meet and maintain the requirements to participate in a health plan is referred to as:
credentialing.
200
Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development has had the greatest influence on which of the following?
the reciprocal teaching method
201
Ella E. age 10, often says she doesn't want to go to school because she's afraid some of the children in her class will be "mean" to her. She seems overly concerned about her ability to perform well at school and in social situations and has trouble finishing her homework and other tasks because she keeps re-doing them because she wants them to be "perfect." Ella frequently says she has a headache and has trouble falling asleep at night. Her mother tries to keep Ella from watching the news because she's unwilling to go out of the house whenever there's a story about a local murder or accident. Based on these symptoms, the best diagnosis for Ella is:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
202
A person with a high level of achievement motivation is most likely to attribute her failures to:
unstable internal factors or stable external factors
203
Roe and Holland share in common an emphasis on the role of ___________ in career choice.
personality
204
When the sole of an infant's foot is stroked, her big toe bends back toward the top of her foot and her other toes fan out. This is referred to as the _______ reflex.
Babinski
205
A psychologist is hired by a defense attorney to evaluate a defendant to determine the appropriateness of the insanity defense. During the first meeting with the defendant, the psychologist explains the purpose of the evaluation. The defendant says he doesn't want to cooperate with the evaluation because of the limits on confidentiality. The psychologist should:
postpone the evaluation and notify the defense attorney of the defendant's concerns.
206
A woman and her husband, who have been married for two years, come for marital therapy. The woman complains about her husband's lack of interest in family activities and in their 9-month-old child, his lack of affection toward her, and his lack of interest in sex. The husband, who says he did not want to come to therapy at all, states that he is a "loner," that he has always had few friends, and that he has never really been interested in his family. He seems quite aloof and emotionally unresponsive. Your tentative diagnosis is:
Schizoid Personality Disorder.
207
A normal distribution of raw scores has a mean of 106 and a standard deviation of 10. In this distribution, which of the following scores is equivalent to a raw score of 126?
a percentile rank of 98
208
A practitioner of motivational interviewing would most likely emphasize use of which of the following in therapy?
techniques that help the therapist communicate empathy
209
Research on infantile amnesia has shown that:
the ability to recall memories for autobiographical events that occurred prior to age 3 or 4 varies over the lifespan.
210
To identify "critical incidents," you would most likely:
ask supervisors to identify employee behaviors that are associated with outstanding and inferior performance.
211
An advantage of the "paired comparison" technique is that it:
helps reduce certain rater/observer biases.
212
Which of the following approaches was used to derive the "Big Five" personality traits?
lexical
213
You conduct a research study to assess the effects of T.V. violence on aggressive behavior. You plan to observe sixteen children during recess for three days and calculate their average number of aggressive acts. You will then have all children observe aggressive T.V. programs for three hours and again observe the children during recess for three days and calculate their average number of aggressive acts. To analyze the data you collect, you will use which of the following?
t-test for correlated samples
214
An infant with secure attachment will most likely respond to a stranger in the Strange Situation in which of the following ways?
The infant will be friendly toward the stranger when mother is present but wary of the stranger when mother is absent.
215
The Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) votes to keep a certain book out of the high school library because of its controversial nature. When students find out about the PTA's decision, many of them immediately buy the book at local bookstores. This is an illustration of:
psychological reactance.
216
A Jungian "archetype" is best described as
a structural component of the collective unconscious.
217
Neural development involves several stages. Following the production of cells (the proliferation stage), each cell moves to its ultimate location in the mature nervous system. This second stage is referred to as:
migration.
218
To reduce a five-year old's nighttime fear of the dark, the most effective treatment would be:
coping self-statements and positive imagery.
219
A delusion of the erotomanic type is illustrated by which of the following?
A woman is convinced that her pastor at church is madly in love with her even though he has told her that he's not
220
A 23-year old client of yours is currently the defendant in a court case. The client's attorney contacts you, requesting that you provide him with some information about the client from your files. The information will be helpful in preparing the client's defense. You:
discuss the release with the client before taking any additional action
221
The most commonly-prescribed drugs for Tourette's syndrome are drugs that:
block dopamine transmission.
222
__________ described "personal constructs" as bipolar dimensions of meaning that determine how a person perceives, interprets, and predicts events.
George Kelly
223
Bobby B. obtains a test score of 110. The test has a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 10 and test scores have a range of 100 and are normally distributed. If Bobby's teacher converts all of the students' test scores to T-scores or z-scores, Bobby's score will be which of the following?
T = 40; z = -1.0
224
A patient experiencing chronic pain tells you that her physician has prescribed an opioid analgesic. She also says she doesn't want to take the drug because her brother is an ex-drug addict and she has had problems with alcohol in the past. You should:
suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so.
225
A 71-year-old man has a stroke involving the middle cerebral artery and the dominant hemisphere. His symptoms will most likely include:
contralateral weakness and sensory loss in the arm and face, and aphasia.
