5 Flashcards
Test
1
Q
- Maslow’s theory of motivation predicts that needs are activated in a specific order, with lower level needs being aroused first. From lowest to highest level, Maslow’s five needs are:(Industrial)
A
physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization.
2
Q
- Research evaluating the impact of child sexual abuse on the adjustment of males and females has:(Lifespan)
A
produced inconsistent results, with some studies showing that females have more negative outcomes and others finding that the outcomes are similar for males and females.
3
Q
- When a “leaderless group discussion” is used alone or as a component of an assessment center, it is most helpful for:(Industrial)
A
assessing or developing the leadership abilities of applicants for managerial-level positions.
4
Q
- Brousseau and Driver’s (1994) notion of “career concept” refers to an individual’s:(Industrial)
A
career decisions.
5
Q
- Studies examining the risk factors for recidivism among juvenile offenders has identified which of the following as being the BEST predictor of re-offending?
A
age at first offense (Abnormal Psychology)
6
Q
- One of the most common impairments following brain injury is memory loss. Although the nature of the disturbance depends on the locus and extent of the damage, most often it involves: (Physio)
A
problems related to retaining new information.
7
Q
- A listener is LEAST likely to change her attitude as the result of a communicator’s message if:(Social)
A
the listener has prior knowledge about the content of the message.
8
Q
- Two rats are being conditioned to push a button in order to receive a food pellet. During the acquisition of this behavior, both rats were reinforced using a continuous schedule of reinforcement. After their response rates peaked and then declined, one rat began to receive two food pellets after each button push, whereas the second rat continued to received a single pellet after each response. Despite this difference in the amount of reinforcement, the response rate (i.e., the number of button pushes) for both rats remained the same. This is most likely attributable to which of the following?(Learning)
A
satiation
9
Q
- Elaine considers her friend, Tom, to be quiet and reserved. She says that when she is alone with Tom or when they are in a small group, Tom listens more than he talks and is never one to “make a scene.” One day, however, Elaine observes Tom in a large crowd that is waiting for the arrival of a “special celebrity guest” at the opening of a new shopping mall. The guest is nearly 30 minutes late, and the crowd is beginning to show signs of impatience. Elaine is surprised when she sees Tom initiate loud “booing” and other derogatory comments while waving his clenched fist in the air in anger. Which of the following best explains Tom’s unusual behavior? (Social)
A
deindividuation
10
Q
- Alcohol consumption by a pregnant woman is likely to have the most adverse effects on her baby’s prenatal development when the woman drinks during: (Lifespan)
A
the first trimester.
11
Q
- The area of the brain referred to as the “midbrain” contains all of the following structures except:(phsyio)
A
mammillary bodies.
12
Q
- In the 1950s, researchers at Ohio State University developed an influential theory of leadership that focused on a leader’s:(Industrial)
A
behaviors.
13
Q
- According to Janis (1972), groupthink is most likely to occur when:(Industrial)
A
a group is highly cohesive.
14
Q
- The Spearman-Brown formula is used to:(Test Construction)
A
estimate the effects of increasing or decreasing the length of a test on its reliability coefficient.
15
Q
- Antisocial behavior and later delinquency have been associated with: (Lifespan)
A
a laissez-faire parenting style and harsh, inconsistent discipline.
16
Q
- A person with a brain injury is exhibiting unilateral neglect when he or she: (Physio)
A
ignores objects, people, and stimuli located in one area of space (i.e., on the right or the left side).
17
Q
- A client says, “I don’t know where they come from, but these thoughts about swearing and cursing just keep coming back. I just can’t seem to get them out of my mind. All I can think about is cursing and swearing.” Which of the following techniques would be most useful for alleviating this client’s problem?(Learning)
A
thought stopping
18
Q
- Tactile sensation and visuospatial functions are mediated primarily by the: (Physio)
A
parietal lobe.
19
Q
- Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine (Clozaril) and risperidone (Risperdal) are: (Phsyio)
A
serotonin-dopamine antagonists.
20
Q
- The function of the state licensing boards is probably best described as:
A
setting entry-level qualifications for licensure and monitoring the conduct of licensed psychologists.
21
Q
- Except under certain conditions, psychologists are ethically obligated to maintain a client’s confidentiality. Potential limitations on confidentiality should be: (Ethics)
A
discussed at the onset of the professional relationship and when feasible thereafter as needed.
22
Q
- To help a depressed client identify the cognitive errors and distortions that are affecting her interpretation of current life events, a practitioner of Beck’s cognitive therapy would:(Learning)
A
make use of Socratic questioning.
23
Q
- A client is acting in a passive-aggressive way toward a psychology intern who, in turn, becomes unconsciously passive-aggressive toward her supervisor. This is an example of which of the following?(Clinical)
A
parallel process
24
Q
- In adults, the early motor symptoms of Huntington’s disease most often involve: (Physio)
A
repetitive movements in the extremities and face. (Ethics)
25
56. A friend of yours says, "Every time I plan a picnic with my family, it rains." Assuming this is not really true, your friend's statement best illustrates which of the following? (Social)
Illusory correlation
26
9. Which of the following is true about gender differences in newborns? (Lifespan)
Newborn boys have higher morbidity and mortality rates than do newborn girls.
27
79. A psychologist is investigating the impact of a treatment for children with severe behavioral problems. He believes that, in this situation, it would be unethical to withdraw the treatment if it is effective just for the purpose of confirming its effects. Therefore, the psychologist would be best advised to use which of the following single-subject research designs? (Stats)
multiple baseline
28
203. Studies comparing bilingual and monolingual children on measures of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility have generally found that:
bilingual children outperform monolingual children on both measures.
29
172. You are asked to conduct a court-ordered evaluation of a defendant in a criminal case. In terms of an informed consent, you: (Ethics)
do not have to obtain informed consent but must notify the defendant of the purposes and intended uses of the evaluation
30
189. The onset of stranger anxiety varies somewhat from child to child but, for most children, begins when the child is between ___________ months of age. (Lifespan)
8 to 10
31
142. Dr. Dither is hired by the court to conduct an evaluation of a family as part of a child protection matter. Based on Dr. Dither's evaluation and other evidence, the court determines that the child can remain at home with his family who will be provided with supervision and counseling. Six months after the case is heard in court, Dr. Dither is contacted by the mother who says she would like to begin therapy with him for issues unrelated to the child protection matter. Dr. Dither should: (Ethics)
refer the woman to a colleague.
32
124. The traditional Hawaiian practice of ho'oponopono is best described as a: (Clinical)
family intervention.
33
175. A practitioner of Rogers's client-centered therapy would use the Q-sort technique to: (Clinical)
evaluate a client’s progress in therapy.
34
When attempting to expand your private practice, it is important to keep in mind that in-person solicitations: (Ethics)
are unethical when they include deceptive information or when the person solicited is susceptible to undue influence.
35
118. A new client says she wants you to give her an IQ test so that she can use the results to join MENSA. You administer the test, but she obtains an IQ score of only 105. The client asks you to give her the test results so that she can destroy them, and she informs you that she is going to be retested by another psychologist. You should: (Ethics)
give the client a summary of the test results and retain the original record in your files.
36
43. Transformational leaders:
induce followers to transcend self-interest for the sake of the organization. (Industrial)
37
107. The offspring of women who drink during pregnancy are most likely to have structural abnormalities in various organs including the central nervous system, heart, eyes, legs and arms, and external genitalia when the mother consumes alcohol during the ________ of her pregnancy. (Lifespan)
first trimester
38
30. Job evaluation is to wages as needs assessment is to: (Industrial)
training.
39
119. During your first session with a client, she reveals that she's been seeing another therapist for the past four months. The woman seems unsure about why she has come to see you. Your best course of action would be to: (Ethics)
help the client clarify her reasons for seeing both you and the other therapist and then evaluate whether it is appropriate for her to continue seeing both of you.
40
20. When using equity theory to evaluate an employee's motivation, you would be most interested in which of the following? (Industrial)
the employee's perceptions regarding the pay and benefits received by workers performing similar work duties as the employee
41
187. A job applicant who scores below the cutoff on a selection test and is, therefore, not hired, but who would have actually obtained a satisfactory job performance rating if she had been hired, is best described as a: (Test construction)
false negative.
42
45. In recurrent Major Depressive Disorder, psychosocial stressors: (Abnormal)
play a more significant role in the precipitation of initial episodes.
43
188. Feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment are symptomatic of: (indusctrial)
job burnout.
44
83. Cross's (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model predicts that an African American in the pre-encounter stage of identity development will: (Clinical)
have adopted a mainstream (White) identity.
45
60. Research investigating the benefits of psychological treatments for children, adolescents, and adults with cystic fibrosis is very limited. However, the existing studies suggest that which of the following approaches is likely to be most beneficial for treating depression, anxiety, pain, and stress associated with this illness? (Abnormal)
cognitive-behavioral therapy
46
47. The venom of the black widow spider is believed to cause violent and uncontrollable muscle contractions by affecting the activity of which of the following neurotransmitters? (Physio)
acetylcholine
47
27. On the MMPI-2, a T-score of 70 means that an examinee's score is at the: (Test Construction)
97th percentile.
48
146. To be consistent with the requirements of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Procedures, when it is determined that a selection procedure is having an adverse impact, an employer must: (Industrial)
validate that the procedure is job-related.
49
222. There is evidence that, as a group, Asians have unique responses to psychotropic medications in terms of both therapeutic and side effects. Specifically, in comparison to Caucasian patients, Asian patients often: (Physio)
require lower doses to obtain the same therapeutic effects and experience more severe side effects from the same dose.
50
61. A researcher administers a drug to Bonzo, a chimpanzee, that will inhibit RNA synthesis during and some time after Bonzo is learning a simple task. This will most likely have which of the following effects? (Physio)
impair Bonzo's ability to perform the task on a subsequent day
51
160. The most effective intervention for cigarette smoking combines nicotine replacement therapy with: (abnormal)
support from a clinician and skills training.
52
23. In schools, psychological consultants are often hired to help teachers or other school personnel resolve problems related to specific individual students. This is referred to as: (Clinical)
client-centered case consultation.
53
18. Which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in both long-term potentiation and the "excitotoxcity" that is believed to underlie several neurodegenerative disorders? (phsyio)
glutamate
54
155. When conducting group therapy, you should remind group members: (Ethics)
of the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of statements made during group sessions.
55
153. A clinician notices that her client, age 28, experiences frequent periods in which she is very irritable, sensitive, anxious, and self-deprecating; but that, between these times, the client seems to be fairly well-adjusted and even-tempered. When the clinician asks the client about these mood changes, the client says she has always become very moody during the week before her menstrual period. The client's symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following DSM-5 disorders? (Abnormal)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome
56
41. Hewig et al. (2008) compared the gaze patterns of heterosexual men and women as they looked at pictures of members of the opposite sex and found that:
females and males both gazed at the face of a member of the opposite sex for the longest period of time. (Social Psychology)
57
63. Magnification, arbitrary inference, overgeneralization, and other cognitive distortions:
may be found among depressed individuals and those who are mentally "healthy."
58
176. Ho (1987) and others have recommended the use of a(n) __________ approach when working with African American therapy clients. (Clinical)
ecostructural
59
112. Restlessness, psychomotor agitation, flushed face, diuresis, rambling speech, and muscle twitching are most suggestive of which of the following? (Abnormal)
Caffeine Intoxication
60
115. As defined in the DSM-5, a diagnosis of ADHD, predominantly inattentive presentation is assigned when a child exhibits: (Abnormal)
at least six symptoms of inattention and fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.
61
57. A family therapist whose techniques are derived from the work of Murray Bowen would most likely view the Schizophrenia of a family member as the result of: (Clinical)
a multigenerational transmission process.
62
138. A psychologist believes that the benefits of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for eating disorders is due to the intervention's impact on the individual's self-efficacy beliefs. In other words, the psychologist believes that, in this situation, self-efficacy beliefs are a: (Stats)
mediator variable.
63
158. A researcher would use the Solomon four-group design to: (Stats)
evaluate the effects of pretesting.
64
106. When shown the word "hot" a patient says "cold" and when shown the word "rock" the patient says "stone." These errors are most suggestive of:( (Abnormal)
deep dyslexia.
65
44. A strategic family therapist is most likely to use which of the following therapeutic techniques in dealing with a husband and wife who complain that they are constantly arguing with each other? (Clinical Psychology)
tell the couple to argue for at least two hours each evening
66
212. From the perspective of object-relations theory, projective identification is illustrated by which of the following? (Clinical)
A woman who doesn't want to own her feelings of love and hate manipulates another person into experiencing them.
67
29. A graduate student is extremely anxious about a lecture he has to give to undergraduate students the next morning. To reduce his anxiety, he drinks two beers. According to Steele and Joseph (1990), the student's anxiety will actually increase in this situation if he: (Abnormal)
relaxes and "does nothing."
68
103. Research comparing day, swing, and night shifts has found that: (Industrial)
the night shift has the most detrimental impact on health and may or may not be similar to the swing shift in terms of it negative effects on the social life of workers.
69
116. Procedural memory is to declarative memory as: (Learning)
skill is to fact.
70
92. A psychologist working for the criminal justice system is asked by the court to evaluate a young man accused of committing a felony. She is told by an attorney who has attempted to interview the man that he has difficulty attending to general directives and that his perceptions of time, place, and people appear to be confused. The psychologist will be required to testify in court regarding her assessment of the young man. In terms of confidentiality, the psychologist is: (Ethics)
not legally bound to maintain confidentiality but ethically required to inform the young man of the limits of confidentiality.
71
55. Cross-sectional research conducted in the 1960s and 1970s on marital satisfaction across the lifespan generally found: (Lifespan)
a U-shaped pattern with the lowest levels of reported satisfaction during the middle adult years.
72
156. As a result of brain injury, Thom Tenacity often has difficulty stopping a behavior once he starts it. For example, when Thom goes to the drawer to get a fork before dinner, he often ends up taking out all of the silverware; and when he intends to take only one jacket out of his closet, he ends up removing all of his jackets. Most likely, Thom's problem is due to damage to which of the following areas of the brain? (Physio)
frontal lobe
73
208. In multiple regression, an inverse correlation between a predictor and the criterion: (stats)
is indicated by a negative regression coefficient.
74
194. According to the Elaboration Likelihood model: (Social)
persuasion via the peripheral route is more likely when the listener is uninvolved with the message and the communicator is appealing.
75
225. The availability heuristic is the tendency to estimate the frequency or likelihood of an event on the basis of:
information about the event that is most readily retrieved from memory
76
113. Tom, a 35-year-old television repairman, becomes extremely upset whenever his boss and co-workers say something unfavorable about his work and is very uncomfortable whenever he feels he is being watched at work. He reports having only one close friend who he says he is very afraid of losing. Tom rarely leaves the house except to go to work, and he tells you that one of the reasons is because he is not a very good driver and he fears he'll get into a car accident. Based on this information, the best diagnosis for Tom is: (abnormal)
Avoidant Personality Disorder.
77
122. According to Irvin Yalom (1985), in group therapy, increasing intimacy and willingness to self-disclose and greater adherence to group norms are attributable to which of the following? (Clinical)
Cohesiveness
78
199. According to Aaron Beck, the core link between depression and suicide is:
feelings of hopelessness.
79
32. From a "control systems" perspective, when established control mechanisms are no longer effective due to radical changes in the environment, new mechanisms must be sought or developed. These new mechanisms will help the system adapt to environmental changes by providing: (Clinical)
positive feedback.
80
127. In family therapy, the adolescent daughter complains that she doesn't think she can change her attitudes toward school and feels that doing what the therapist has requested is pointless. The therapist responds by saying, "Well, in that case, I think you shouldn't even try." The therapist's response is an example of which of the following? (Clinical)
restraining
81
185. A client of yours is currently suing her employer for race discrimination. You receive a subpoena from the employer's attorney requiring you to appear at a deposition to provide information about the client. When you discuss this with the client, she tells you she does not want you to provide the employer with any information from her therapy sessions. You should: (Ethics)
ask your attorney to contact the employer's attorney to discuss the situation.
82
90. An examinee obtains a score of 70 on a test that has a mean of 80, a standard deviation of 15, and a standard error of measurement of 5. The 95% confidence interval for the examinee's score is: (Test)
60 to 80.
83
214. The __________ is responsible for our ability to set goals and priorities, make decisions and plans, identify strategies to carry out those decisions and plans, and control impulses (Physio)
prefrontal cortex
84
181. For some adolescents and adults, it may be difficult to distinguish ADHD from an Anxiety Disorder due to an overlap in symptoms. For example, ADHD may be difficult to distinguish from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder because the individual with ADHD: (Abnormal)
may attempt to compensate for his/her attention deficits by developing repetitive routines
85
216. The onset of puberty in humans occurs when certain cells in the __________ secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormones. (Physio)
hypothalamus
86
31. In comparison to bilateral ECT, unilateral ECT to the right (nondominant) hemisphere: (Abnormal)
produces less anterograde amnesia for both verbal and nonverbal tasks.
87
51. During a therapy session, Dad, who is normally soft-spoken and mild-mannered, becomes very agitated and starts yelling. The oldest daughter becomes upset and says, "Please stop, you're scaring Johnny" (the 6-year old son). Dad stops yelling and becomes calm again. This is an example of:
family homeostasis. (Clinical)
88
198. Dr. Lane, a psychologist, is conducting a research study on peer pressure, and the study's participants will be 120 fifth-grade students. The study will involve a 30-minute interview with each student and observation of the students during their lunch hour. Before beginning the study, Dr. Lane should: (Ethics)
obtain the assent of each student and an informed consent from each student's parent.
89
201. An African American adult in which stage of Cross's (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model denigrates all aspects of White culture while idealizing all aspects of African American culture? (Clinical)
immersion-emersion
90
192. Which of the following is true about the use of hypnotically induced testimony in legal proceedings? (Ethics)
Hypnotically induced testimony is permitted in some jurisdictions under specific conditions (e.g., when corroborating evidence is available).
91
74. With regard to empathy in childhood and adolescence, the research has generally found that: (Lifespan)
females exhibit higher levels of empathy than do males but that females and males both benefit from empathy modeling and training.
92
167. Research examining the effects of divorce suggests that maladjustment in children following the divorce of their parents is most likely the result of which of the following? (Lifespan)
parental disharmony
93
143. Jung's theory differs from Freud's in all of the following ways except: (Clinical)
Jung replaced the concept of the ego with the concepts of the self and the ideal-self.
94
99. Which of the following best describes the requirements of the ethics codes of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations with regard to obtaining informed consent from research participants? (Ethics)
An informed consent may not be required when the study is unlikely to cause harm or is exempted by legal or institutional regulations.
95
144. The most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for a person who experiences genital pain during sexual intercourse that causes significant distress and cannot be better explained by a non-sexual mental disorder, relationship distress, or a medical condition is which of the following? (Abnormal)
Genito-Pelvic Pain/ Penetration Disorder??
96
21. One prediction of goal-setting theory is that difficult goals result in greater productivity than easy or ambiguous goals. With regard to task difficulty, the studies have shown that: (Industrial)
the less complex the task, the stronger the link between goal difficulty and productivity.
97
161. A behavioral therapist is using positive reinforcement to increase a desired behavior. After the behavior is well-established, the psychologist switches from a continuous schedule of reinforcement to an intermittent one. This technique is referred to as: (Learning)
thinning.
98
159. Dr. Bill sets his clients' fees on the basis of a "sliding scale" that is based on their current income. This practice is: (Ethics)
acceptable but not explicitly mentioned in the Ethics Code.
99
4. Polly Pathos is seeing Dr. Genial for her depressive symptoms. As a practitioner of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), Dr. Genial will most likely: (Clinical)
focus on clarifying how Polly's current relationships and her expectations about them are contributing to her symptoms.
100
174. Information on which of the following would be most useful for determining whether a client's impotence has a physiological or psychological etiology? (Abnormal)
the presence of nocturnal erections
101
220. When using aversion therapy to eliminate a client's shoe fetish, an electric shock or other unpleasant stimulus acts as a(n): (Learning)
unconditioned stimulus.
102
7. The effects of a teratogenic agent on an organ system is adverse in fetal development only during the period in which the organ system grows most rapidly. This fact can be viewed as confirmation of which of the following? (Lifespan)
critical periods
103
11. Research on cigarette smoking has found that:
on the average, men and women gain about 6 and 8 pounds, respectively, after they stop smoking.(Abnormal)
104
50. To compare the effectiveness of three different doses of a new drug for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), an investigator obtains a sample of 16 adults who have just received a diagnosis of GAD. All participants in the study will receive all three doses of the drug but in different order: Four participants will first receive the low dose for two weeks, then the moderate dose for two weeks, and then the high dose for two weeks; four other participants will first receive the moderate dose for two weeks, then the low dose for two weeks, then the high dose for two weeks; and so on. The investigator is using which of the following research designs? (Stats)
counterbalanced
105
133. According to the APA's General Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services, a "user" of clinical and counseling psychological services includes: (Ethics)
direct users, third party purchasers, sanctioners, and public/private facilities and organizations receiving psychological services.
106
184. The positive symptoms of __________ include hand tremor that has been described as "pill-rolling" since it resembles the motion of rolling a pill between the thumb and forefinger. (Physio)
Parkinson's disease
107
213. An intern at a large mental health clinic decides to work at another agency and makes appointments to see several of the clinic's clients at her new place of employment. Her actions are: (Ethics)
unethical because the clients are already receiving services from the clinic.
108
104. As defined by Donald Super, "career maturity": (Industrial)
refers to the individual's mastery of tasks at each developmental stage.
109
15. A number of investigators have attempted to identify the factors that reduce the likelihood that a woman will seek or remain in substance abuse treatment. Of the factors that have been studied, which of the following has most often been identified as a primary barrier to substance-abuse treatment for women? (Abnormal)
child and childcare concerns
110
110. A treatment for depression that is based on Rehm's self-control theory is most likely to include: (Learning)
having the client keep a record of positive experiences.
111
125. In the assessment of cognitive abilities with a standardized test, you would most likely "test the limits": (Assessment)
after administering the test using standardized procedures.
112
97. Which of the following drugs would be most useful for reducing neuropathic pain? (Phsyio)
amitriptyline
113
186. The symptoms of hypoglycemia include headache, dizziness, sweating, impaired concentration, confusion, clumsy or jerky movements, weakness, and, in extreme cases, convulsions or a loss of consciousness. The cause of hypoglycemia is: (Physio)
Low levels of blood glucose.
114
126. With regard to IQ, the average reported correlation coefficient for identical (monozygotic) twins reared together is .85, while the coefficient for a parent and biological child when the child is reared by the parent is approximately: (Assessment)
.40.
115
206. According to Margaret Mahler's object relations theory, the development of a sense of self is the result of a separation-individuation process that begins at about _____ months of age. (Clinical)
4 to 5
116
152. In a normal distribution of scores that has a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 12, a raw score of 138 is equivalent to a z score of: (Test Construction)
1.5
117
54. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true about a 55-year-old Asian client? (Clinical)
She will respond best to an indirect, unstructured therapeutic approach.
118
218. HIV infection is often described in the literature in terms of three stages. The second stage is characterized by a strong immune system response and: (Abnormal)
swollen glands but other few symptoms.
119
85. Which of the following research designs would be useful for controlling the effects of a potential confounding organismic variable on the results of a research study when participants' scores on that variable are known at the beginning of the study? (Stats)
randomized block
120
140. Yerkes and Dodson's (1908) "inverted-U" hypotheses predicts that: (Industrial)
moderate levels of arousal are associated with the highest levels of performance.
121
73. If an investigator changes the level of significance for his research study from .01 to .001, he is: (Stats)
less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis.
122
36. Which of the following provides reinforcement on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement? (Learning)
slot machines
123
150. Which of the following most accurately describes current laws related to a health professional's obligation when the professional learns that a client or patient who has tested positive for the HIV virus has not told his/her partner of the diagnosis and is having unsafe sex with the partner? (Ethics)
The laws regarding breach of confidentiality by health professionals in this situation vary from state to state.
124
53. A psychologist tells the parents of an 8-year old to give him a "time-out" each time he torments his little sister. The parents find that, over time, the child needs less and less time in the time-out to calm down and apologize for his behavior. The boy's behavior is being controlled by which of the following? (Learning)
negative punishment
125
84. In the context of managed health care, "gatekeeper" refers to the: (Ethics)
primary care physician.
126
191. When using in vivo exposure with response prevention: (Learning)
the CS is presented repeatedly without the US
127
170. Studies looking at the impact of gender on reactions to crowding have found that: (Social)
women cope with crowding better than men do in laboratory settings but men cope with crowding better in residential settings.
128
19. Research investigating the effects of job satisfaction has generally found that:
it is correlated with physical and psychological health and longevity.
129
217. You are working in a correctional facility and are asked to evaluate a prisoner to determine his eligibility for parole. In this situation, you should: (Ethics)
conduct the evaluation only if you believe it will serve a useful dispositional function.
130
197. The APA's Ethics Code requires that informed consents be:
documented.
131
5. Researchers interested in cognitive processes distinguish between schemas and scripts. From this perspective, a script is: (Social)
a cluster of knowledge about sequences of events and actions in a particular situation.
132
129. Calculation of the utility of a training program in terms of dollar value includes which of the following? (Industrial)
T x d x C
133
24. The occurrence of amphetamine-induced psychosis supports the link between _______ and Schizophrenia. (Physio)
dopamine
134
98. Dr. Watson is one of three organizational psychologists who have been hired by a large corporation to conduct research on the selection of top level managers. The psychologists' research has provided some evidence that "anal retentive" managers are the least effective managers in the company. Prior to submitting the project report, which recommends that the company screen candidates for top management positions for "anal retentiveness," Dr. Watson approaches the Project Director, who is also an industrial psychologist, and argues that, although there is some evidence that there is a relationship between anal retentiveness and management effectiveness, the evidence is insufficient to justify eliminating potential managers on the basis of this characteristic alone. Despite Dr. Watson's protest, the Project Director refuses to review the report and submits it to the company. Dr. Watson decides to go to the company's management to point out the possible limitations of the report's recommendations. Which of the following statements best describes the ethical issue in this situation? (Ethics)
Watson acted ethically but the Project Director acted unethically by not reviewing the report.
135
33. The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence has been found to be a better predictor of later cognitive ability than traditional infant tests. Most likely this is because the Fagan Test:(Assessment)
uses selective attention to measure recognition memory.
136
25. Of the following aspects of memory, which is least likely to be adversely affected by mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease? (Abnormal)
procedural memory
137
193. D. W. Sue (1978) describes "worldview" in terms of two independent dimensions -- locus of control and locus of responsibility. From this perspective, an Anglo-American therapist with an internal local of control and internal locus of responsibility is most likely to experience problems when working with an African American client who has an: (Clinical)
internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility.
138
169. Cultural universalism is to cultural relativism as: (Clinical)
etic is to emic.
139
38. A psychologist is hired to develop a selection test that will be used to assist in the hiring of management trainees. The psychologist's first step in developing the selection test will be conducting a: (Industrial)
job analysis.
140
16. Test-retest reliability would be the most appropriate method of determining the reliability of a test if the test is designed to assess which of the following? (Test)
general intelligence
141
177. You receive a phone call from the attorney of one of your current therapy clients. The attorney asks you to forward information from the client's file for a court case the client is currently involved in and tells you that the client has signed a release. While reviewing the client's file, you encounter a note that you made indicating that the client said he would never want you to release personal information about him under any circumstances. As an ethical psycholgist, you will: (Ethics)
contact the client to discuss the matter with him before taking any further action.
142
123. Tom is not colorblind but he has a brother who is colorblind. Tom's wife, Alice, is not colorblind and does not have any relatives who are colorblind. Which of the following describes the likelihood that the children of Tom and Alice will be colorblind? (Lifespan)
Neither their male nor their female children will be colorblind.
143
163. The three overlapping stages of Meichenbaum and Jaremko's (1982) stress inoculation training are: (Learning)
conceptualization, skills acquisition, and application.
144
26. The most common precursor of Bulimia Nervosa during adolescence is: (Abnormal)
dieting.
145
134. A 15-year old client who you have been seeing for several months says he's been thinking about killing himself. In response to your concern, he says he's "just kidding" and asks that you not tell his parents. Your best course of action would be to: (Ethics)
continue to discuss the matter to determine if the boy is, in fact, at risk for suicide.
146
211. In his well-known 1973 study, Rosenhan had several "pseudopatients" admit themselves to psychiatric hospitals with complaints of auditory hallucinations. Which of the following is most useful for explaining the results of Rosenhan's study? (industrial)
halo effect
147
196. Dr. Wright, a licensed psychologist, has been seeing Aimee Ames in individual therapy for nearly six months. Aimee has just decided to divorce her husband and asks Dr. Wright if he will conduct custody evaluations of her three children. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Wright: (Ethics)
should not conduct the custody evaluations.
148
120. Major Depressive Disorder has been linked to all of the following sleep disturbances except: (Abnormal)
increased slow-wave (non-REM) sleep.
149
179. Long-term stress can result in excessive production of ___________ which, in turn, can suppress the body's immune system. (Physio)
corticosteroids
150
195. During the postpartum period, approximately _____ of women experience postpartum depression. (Abnormal)
10 to 15%
151
13. A psychologist is consulted by a medical doctor who is concerned about a patient in a pain clinic. The patient constantly asks for his pain medication and the nurses, who get tired of his barrage of requests, give him too much medication. To get the man to cut down on his requests, the psychologist is most likely to recommend: (Learning)
giving him his medication once every four hours.
152
96. Research evaluating the use of multi-component cognitive-behavioral therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has found that it: (Learning)
improves psychological functioning and, in some cases, has a beneficial effect on pain intensity and joint inflammation.
153
130. A person is exhibiting the actor-observer effect when he/she tends to:(Social)
view the behavior of others as due to dispositional factors and his/her own behaviors as due to situational factors.
154
82. A parent decides to use time-out to reduce her son's misbehavior by having him sit in the corner for ten minutes each time he misbehaves. The boy quickly learns, however, that, if he whines while in the corner, his mother shortens the length of the time-out period. In this situation, the mother's willingness to shorten the time-out period is being controlled by: (Learning)
escape conditioning.
155
215. Which of the following statements is LEAST true about suicide? (Abnormal)
Most people who commit suicide do so when they are severely depressed.
156
154. Ebbinghaus was one of the first investigators to systematically study memory. In his studies, Ebbinghaus used himself as a subject and memorized lists of nonsense syllables. Results of his research indicated that: (Learning)
rote learning of syllables tends to lead to rapid forgetting
157
37. Bilateral lesions in which of the following areas of the brain is most likely to result in a loss of the fear response without loss of other emotional responses? (Physio)
amygdala
158
137. An advocate of client-centered therapy would most likely view diagnosis as: (Clinical)
unnecessary and possibly detrimental.
159
81. The __________ is used to quantify a patient's level of consciousness following a traumatic brain injury and entails assigning scores for three functions - eye response, verbal response, and motor response. (Assessment)
Glasgow Coma Scale
160
69. In mediation: (Industrial)
the mediator facilitates the flow of information between the involved parties and helps them progress toward an acceptable compromise.
161
145. The onset of bulimia often follows a period of moderate dieting, which has been linked to low blood levels of tryptophan. Low levels of tryptophan, in turn, are associated with: (Abnormal)
Lower-than-normal levels of brain serotonin.
162
100. In the context of cognitive-behavioral family therapy (Schwebel and Fine, 1994), "family ___________" refers to a set of cognitions that family members possess and that shape how they understand and approach family life. (Clinical)
Schema
163
3. Studies on information processing during the first two years of life indicate that infants first exhibit recognition memory for up to 24 hours following presentation of a stimulus at about ____ months of age. (Lifespan)
3
164
105. It would be acceptable to include client testimonials in an advertisement or brochure for your services as long as: (Ethics)
the testimonials have not been solicited from current clients or from others who are vulnerable to undue influence.
165
200. Which of the following is true regarding skeletal age? (Lifespan)
Girls are ahead of boys in terms of skeletal age from birth, which explains why girls reach their full height before boys do.
166
94. A problem with bounded rationality is that decision makers often examine possible alternatives only until a solution that meets minimal requirements is found and then stop looking for better alternatives. This is referred to as: (Industrial)
satisficing.
167
109. The provisions of APA's General Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services require that "Professional Psychologists" have: (Ethics)
a doctoral degree in psychology from a regionally accredited university or professional school.
168
157. Use of the technique known as meta-analysis entails calculating an "effect size," which can be best defined as: (Stats)
a standardized mean difference between experimental and control groups.
169
22. The DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence are combined in the DSM-5 into the single diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder. Which of the following was included as a symptom of Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence but is not included as a symptom of Substance Use Disorder? (Abnormal)
recurrent substance-related legal problems
170
117. A legal guardian has been appointed by the court for a 9-year-old child after his biological parents are found guilty of child abuse. The legal guardian brings the child to you for treatment. You should:(Ethics)
provide the treatment to the child as requested by the guardian.
171
66. According to Piaget, which of the following is a necessary prerequisite for the development of reversibility? (Lifespan)
symbolism
172
91. A transactional leader is LEAST likely to agree with which of the following statements: (Industrial)
each employee will function best if he/she is viewed as an individual and is given personal attention.
173
164. A woman is told that she has a serious illness for which there is no cure and that it is likely that she will die within six months. From the perspective of Kubler-Ross' stages that dying people pass through, you would expect the woman's first reaction to finding out about her prognosis to be: (Lifespan)
"The test results must be inaccurate."
174
221. Recent research using brain imaging techniques, has found that significant atrophy in the __________ distinguishes people with Alzheimer's dementia from healthy peers. (Physio)
entorhinal cortex
175
171. Examinees with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Major Depression, or Traumatic Brain Injury are likely to achieve the highest score on which of the following WAIS-IV Indexes? (Assessment)
Verbal Comprehension
176
121. From the perspective of two-factor theory, the avoidance response in a phobic reaction is maintained by: (Learning)
negative reinforcement.
177
139. A sudden loud noise would elicit which of the following reflexes from a one-month old infant? (Lifespan)
Moro
178
173. Research by Baker and Green (2005) found that, when compared to older adults with chronic pain, younger adults with chronic pain tend to report: (Physio)
more pain intensity and more symptoms of depression
179
10. A client who is a member of a minority group expresses negative feelings about her own culture and positive feelings toward the dominant (Anglo) culture. From the perspective of Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, this client is in which stage? (Clincial)
conformity
180
80. Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by an intellectual disability and extreme obesity. It is caused by which of the following chromosomal abnormalities? (Lifespan)
a chromosomal deletion
181
132. Maxine M. states she believes that messages on a particular radio station are being broadcast especially to her. Maxine is displaying which of the following? (Abnormal)
Delusion
182
149. The MMPI-2's K scale is treated as which of the following when scoring the test? (Assessment)
suppressor variable
183
67. In principal components analysis, each eigenvalue indicates: (Test Construction)
the total variance explained by an identified component.
184
12. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), research by Kenneth and Mamie Clark was used to support the argument that: (Lifespan)
school segregation contributes to a negative self-image among African American children.
185
165. Work by Perry and colleagues (1986) suggests that highly aggressive children: (Lifespan)
show little remorse after hurting another child.
186
178. Which of the following statements is true about the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th edition (SB5)? (Assessment)
Its development was based on a hierarchical model of intelligence that begins with a global "g" factor.
187
114. It is generally believed that, of the lobes of the cerebral cortex, the __________ lobes are the last to fully develop and myelinate. (Lifespan)
frontal
188
28. The rational-economic model of decision-making views decision-makers as attempting to make: (Industrial)
optimal decisions.
189
168. Gerald Patterson and his colleagues have developed a model to explain the origins of adolescent delinquency. Their approach is most consistent with which of the following? (Lifespan)
social learning theory
190
46. Which of the following DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD has been removed in DSM-5? (Abormal)
a response to the trauma of fear, helplessness, or horror
191
102. Fluoxetine and other SSRIs act by: (Physio)
increasing the availability of serotonin at synapses.
192
The DSM-5 requires which of the following for a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder? (Abnormal)
an onset of symptoms during the early developmental period
193
182. A depressed client says she feels worthless and unlikable and every time she tries to do something to make things better, she is faced with barriers put up by her parents, husband, and boss, who don't seem to recognize her efforts. In terms of the third component of Beck's cognitive triad, you would expect the client to also say: (Learning)
she feels that things will never change.
194
183. Children normally begin to talk somewhere around their first birthday. Studies investigating the nature of a child's language development have shown that a large proportion of a child's first words refer to: (Lifespan)
objects that move or change.
195
35. "Common method bias" refers to the fact that there is likely to be some degree of correlation among similar methods of measurement even if they are designed to assess different characteristics. Which of the following techniques was designed to control the effects of common method bias? (Test Construction)
multitrait-multimethod matrix
196
87. Papez's circuit is involved in which of the following? (Phsyio)
control of emotions
197
34. In comparison to conventional (traditional) neuroleptics, risperidone (Risperdal), an atypical neuroleptic: (physio)
is less likely to produce tardive dyskinesia.
198
204. You conduct a study to examine the factors that contribute to stress among city bus drivers. Based on your knowledge of the previous research, your hypothesis is that stress levels will be most consistently related to: (industrial)
degree of perceived control over job conditions.
199
131. A primary goal of Minuchin's structural family therapy is to: (Clinical)
replace rigid and diffuse boundaries with clear boundaries.
200
75. Vygotsky viewed the "self-talk" of young children as: (Lifespan)
a means of self-guidance and self-instruction.
201
77. Overall, the best conclusion that can be drawn about clinical and actuarial predictions is that: (Assessment)
actuarial predictions are often more accurate than clinical predictions.
202
65. Most children are not physically ready for toilet training until which age? (Lifespan)
20 to 24 months
203
224. When treating a patient with Delirium, a priority is to identify and then treat or remove its cause. In addition, it is important to: (Abnormal)
keep the patient in a quiet room where he/she can be monitored by a family or staff member.
204
210. Research on the comorbidity of the eating disorders suggests that the rates of OCD, Social Phobia, and Specific Phobia are: (Abnormal)
higher in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa than in other individuals and that the onset of the anxiety disorder is most often prior to the onset of the eating disorder.
205
128. An insurance company is conducting a peer review and requests that you provide it with information about a current client whose fee is being paid by the company. In this situation, you are best advised to: (Ethics)
provide the company with relevant information after ensuring that it is aware of the need to maintain confidentiality.
206
95. During an experiment, the investigator asks participants about their beliefs regarding the study's purpose and how they were expected to perform. When analyzing the data, she finds that participants' actual performance is consistent with their beliefs and expectations. This suggests that the study's results may be confounded by: (Stats)
demand characteristics.
207
78. After being rejected by the college she most wanted to attend, a young woman decides that she didn't really want to go to that college after all. This girl's reaction is predicted by which of the following: (Social)
cognitive dissonance theory.
208
70. To ensure that a work sample has adequate content validity, you would: (Test Construction)
make sure that the skills required by the work sample represent the skill domain required by the job.
209
151. Melanie Klein considered the actions of children during play therapy to be equivalent to an adult client's free associations. Anna Freud, in commenting on Klein's conclusions: (Clinical)
argued that the actions of children during play therapy are better considered a form of "acting out."
210
39. A transformational leader defines a goal to employees in a way that imbues the goal with meaning and purpose. This is referred to as: (Industrial)
framing.
211
101. A psychologist has just started working at a mental health clinic. Several of the clients who are referred to him belong to an ethnic minority group that he has not worked with before. He should: (Ethics)
consult with a senior member of the clinic
212
219. The behavioral technique known as response cost makes use of which of the following to alter a person's behavior? (Learning)
negative punishment
213
141. Dr. Muzak wants to determine if background music (music versus no music) affects performance on three different cognitive tasks. Subjects will receive all combinations of all levels of music and task, but they will be administered in a different order to different subgroups of subjects. This is an example of which research design? (Stats)
counterbalanced
214
180. According to Gerald Patterson and his colleagues, which of the following is a key contributor to Conduct Disorder? (Lifespan)
the parents’ childrearing skills
215
202. Which of the following techniques would be appropriate for using scores on measures of self-esteem, hopelessness, and perceived social support to classify adolescents as either non-depressed, vulnerable to depression, or depressed? (Stats)
multiple discriminant function analysis
216
205. According to the Central Limit Theorem, a sampling distribution increasingly approaches a normal shape regardless of the shape of the population distribution: (Stats)
as the size of the sample increases.
217
223. Whenever a mother yells at her child when he is whining, the boy stops whining for a short period. Over time, the mother notices that she's having to yell at her son more and more often to keep the boy from whining. The boy is controlling his mother's behavior through: (Learning)
negative reinforcement.
218
58. A psychologist determines that, for a six-year child, Behavior A is more probable than Behavior B. The psychologist tells the parents to make the child's opportunity to engage in Behavior A contingent on Behavior B. The psychologist is using which of the following techniques? (Learning)
Premack principle
219
147. As defined by Wrenn (1985), a "culturally encapsulated" counselor: (Clinical)
disregards cultural differences and his/her own cultural biases.
220
209. Data from the National Health Care Survey indicate that, in general, central nervous system medications are most often prescribed for patients in which of the following ambulatory care settings? (Physio)
primary care offices
221
8. Polly Pooch teaches her son to feed the dog by first showing him how to put the dog food into the dog dish. Once the boy has mastered that task, she teaches him to open a can of dog food and then put it into the dish. Finally, she teaches her son to open the cupboard, take out a can of dog food, open it, and put the dog food in the dog dish. The procedure that Mrs. Pooch has used is best described as: (Learning)
backward chaining.
222
68. Research on attachment has shown that young victims of child abuse are most likely to exhibit which of the following attachment patterns? (Lifespan)
disorganized
223
88. Based on the empirical research, the best conclusion that can be drawn about the effects of maternal depression on infant development is that children of depressed mothers: (Lifespan)
are at higher risk for psychopathology and may show symptoms of disturbance as early as three months of age.
224
162. When the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 produces a coefficient of .98, this means that: (Test Construction)
the items in the test are homogeneous.
225
89. The MMSE (Mini Mental State Exam) is most often administered to: (Assessment)
older adults as a measure of cognitive functioning.
