7 Flashcards
1
Q
- Dr. Goodman has been dating Billy Bob for seven weeks when she realizes that he is the brother of a client she has been seeing in therapy for nearly three months. Dr. Goodman’s best course of action would be to:
A
discuss the matter with the client as soon as possible.
2
Q
- Carl Jung identified which of the following as the source of psychic energy?
A
Libido
3
Q
- Kirkpatrick (1983) identifies four levels of rigor in the evaluation of training programs. According to his model, which of the following represents the highest level of evaluation?
A
results criteria
4
Q
- A husband consistently says loving things to his wife when she talks about sports but ignores her whenever she complains about her job. The husband’s behavior is most similar to which of the following techniques?
A
differential reinforcement
5
Q
- Tolman’s research with rats in mazes confirmed that:
A
reinforcement is not necessary for learning to occur.
6
Q
- Infant tests administered prior to 18 to 24 months of age:
A
are most valid for predicting future IQ for infants who score in the low range.
7
Q
- ___________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a virus and involves blisters on or near the genitals, painful urination, a burning or tingling sensation, and, in some cases, headache, fatigue, chills, fever, and other flu-like symptoms.
A
Genital herpes
8
Q
- For Minuchin, scapegoating and overprotection of a child by the child’s mother and father are both forms of:
A
detouring.
9
Q
- When using the analysis of variance, calculation of the F-ratio involves:
A
comparing between-group variability to within-group variability.
10
Q
- ThePublication Manual of the American Psychological Associationstates that some abbreviations do not require explanation in text. These include all of the following except:
A
APA.
11
Q
- You are asked by the court to evaluate a 70-year old woman to help determine her competence. She is apparently disoriented and confused and has substantial memory loss. You have recently taken a weekend workshop on the use of a new computerized assessment technique for people with symptoms like those exhibited by this woman, and you feel this method of assessment would be especially valid in this situation. Further, you had taken the workshop specifically because you want to expand your practice by being qualified to conduct competency-related evaluations for the court. Your best course of action would be to:
A
refer the woman to someone who is more familiar with this type of evaluation.
12
Q
- Responsibility for the validity of information provided by an automated test scoring and interpretation service lies with:
A
the psychologist who uses the test scoring and interpretation service.
13
Q
- A university freshman would be best advised to rely primarily on which of the following when studying for his Psychology 101 final exam?
A
elaborative rehearsal
14
Q
- Wolfgang Kohler’s research on animal learning and animal cognition led to his conclusion that learning is:
A
insightful.
15
Q
- The primary motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls movement on the __________ side of the body.
A
Contralateral
16
Q
- You receive asubpoena duces tecumrequiring you to testify about a current client at a trial and to bring specific documents from the client’s file. You contact the client who states that he does not want you to testify or release his records. You should:
A
contact the attorney who issued the subpoena to request that you be released from it.
17
Q
- From the perspective of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism of _______________ is viewed as underlying all other defense mechanisms.
A
Repression
18
Q
- Malnutrition during fetal development is likely to have which effect on the brain?
A
a reduced number of brain cells
19
Q
- Research on the effects of divorce on the parent-child relationship has generally shown that, during the initial period following divorce, the relationship between the custodial parent and his/her child often changes. Specifically, during this period, the custodial mother most often:
A
provides harsher but more inconsistent punishment.
20
Q
- In the context of training, “identical elements” refers to the match between:
A
the information and skills addressed in the training program and the information and skills required by the job.
21
Q
- Subjects learn a task while under the influence of a CNS stimulant. Three days later, half of the subjects are tested while under the influence of the drug; the other half are tested while drug-free. Subjects who have been given the drug perform better on the task during testing. This result is predicted by which of the following?
A
state dependent learning
22
Q
- _____________________ is a client-centered counseling approach that facilitates behavior change by helping clients explore and resolve their ambivalence about change.
A
Motivational interviewing
23
Q
- The ability to carry on a conversation with a friend at a party where there is loud music and a great deal of background noise is attributable to:
A
selective attention.
24
Q
- As described by Krumboltz (1996), career counseling involves:
A
instilling an attitude of self-development in the individual so that he/she can adapt to changing work requirements in the future.
25
124. According to Maslow's need hierarchy theory, once a person's physiological needs have been satisfied, that person will be motivated by his/her __________ needs.
Safety
26
171. Morphine, an opioid agonist, produces euphoria and other pleasurable feelings primarily by __________ activity in the "reward center" of the brain.
enhancing dopamine
27
91. "Criterion deficiency" is most likely to result in:
low validity.
28
201. As defined by Aaron Beck, overgeneralization, personalization, and catastrophizing are:
cognitive distortions.
29
147. Childhood-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:
is more common in boys than girls.
30
116. Which of the following is best conceptualized as a type of aversive counterconditioning?
covert sensitization
31
191. When using the DSM-5, a clinician would code which of the following to indicate that a client has symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a specific disorder but does not want to specify the reason why?
unspecified disorder
32
145. Which of the developmental changes is most likely to occur in males between the ages of 40-45?
a shift in perspective from "time-since-birth" to "time-left-to-live"
33
54. You are meeting with the parents of a teenage daughter who is suffering from an eating disorder. All of their children have attended this first session. You should:
clarify at the outset your relationship with each family member.
34
190. A DSM-5 diagnosis of Schizophrenia requires the presence of two or more active-phase symptoms during a one-month period with at least one symptom being ____________ plus continuous signs of disturbance for least six months.
delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
35
70. Schaie's (1996) Seattle Longitudinal Study examined the relationship between cognitive abilities and:
age.
36
137. Tacrine hydrocholoride (Cognex), donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept), and rivastigmine (Exelon) slow down memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease by:
preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine.
37
206. For her math class assignment, a high school student decides to compare the average number of hours that students in her school view TV each day to the national average. To analyze the data she collects, the student will use which of the following statistical tests?
single-sample t-test
38
80. A licensed psychologist who provides individual and group therapy to adolescents and adults learns that she is HIV+. In terms of ethical requirements, the psychologist:
should refrain from initiating any professional activities that might be adversely affected by her medical condition.
39
14. With regard to information revealed by a client in the context of the client-therapist relationship, who is the "holder of the privilege"?
the client
40
6. When considering concurrent individual and group therapy for a client it is important to keep in mind that:
individual therapy may decrease participation and involvement in group therapy.
41
125. Singh and Young (1995) found that, when men were asked to rate women in terms of attractiveness, health, and desirability as a romantic partner, they gave the highest ratings to females with:
large breasts and narrow hips.
42
78. A therapist is most likely to say that which of the following is the most stressful type of client behavior?
suicidal statements
43
193. The diagnosis of a spinal cord injury generally relies on which of the following?
X-ray and MRI or CT
44
13. To reduce the risk of relapse for a 23-year old man who has been hospitalized with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia and who will now be returning home to live with his parents, the best intervention would be:
family therapy plus pharmacotherapy.
45
185. For Hispanic/Latino American families, the strongest family bond is most often between:
parent and child.
46
194. The relationship between authoritative parenting and children's academic achievement:
is observed among children as well as among adolescents.
47
58. As defined by Gerald Caplan, the target of consultee-centered case consultation is the consultee's skills, knowledge, abilities, and/or objectivity. Caplan describes which of the following as a potential cause of a consultee's lack of objectivity?
theme interference
48
144. A 33-year-old man tells his therapist that, since his involvement in a serious car accident two months ago, he has been feeling sad every day; has had no appetite; feels tired all of the time and sleeps for 10 to 12 hours each night; isn't interested in spending time with his friends and family; and feels guilty about the accident, even though it wasn't his fault. He also says that, because he's having trouble concentrating at work and getting to work on time, he's afraid he's going to be fired. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis is:
Major Depressive Disorder.
49
204. Dr. Chang evaluates the relationship between a child's behavior and rejection of the child by peers by observing the behavior of children previously classified as rejected or non-rejected in free-play situations over several days. During each observation period, Dr. Chang observes the first child on a list for 10 seconds and then records the child's behavior, observes the next child on the list for 10 seconds and records his/her behavior, and so on until all children have been observed. Dr. Chang is using which of the following strategies?
time sampling
50
17. Smith, Glass, and Miller's (1980) use of meta-analysis involved:
determining the average magnitude of the outcome of psychotherapy across a large number of outcome studies.
51
86. Which of the following is not a DSM-5 diagnostic criterion for Conversion Disorder?
evidence that the symptoms are related to a psychological need or conflict.
52
48. People using the ____________ heuristic base their judgments on resemblances and similarities.
Representativeness
53
110. As the standard deviation of the criterion scores increases:
the standard error of estimate increases.
54
141. The core feature of the DSM-5 diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria is which of the following?
incongruence between assigned and experienced/expressed gender
55
161. Which of the following is true about the prescription of anxiolytic drugs for older adults?
A lower-than-normal dose is usually indicated because, in older adults, these drugs have a longer half-life.
56
19. Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of infants who were exposed to cocaine in utero?
They are abnormally insensitive to tactile, visual, and auditory stimulation.
57
16. Lewinsohn (1974) originally focused on which of the following as a treatment for depression?
increasing activity levels
58
65. Dr. Greene, a psychologist in private practice, sets his clients' fees according to their ability to pay as determined by their yearly income. As a result, some of his clients are paying a very low fee or no fee, while others are paying a fee that is considerably above-average for the location of his practice. Dr. Greene's fee policy is:
both legal and ethical.
59
32. Following a head injury, a middle-aged man experiences a loss of sensation in the fingers of his left hand. Most likely the damage involves the:
postcentral gyrus.
60
175. umber of items selected on a stress event checklist, you would use which of the following?
point biserial
61
85. The "sleeper effect" (Hovland & Weiss, 1952) is useful for understanding:
why people might reject a persuasive message immediately after it is delivered by a low credible communicator but accept the message six weeks later.
62
20. The mother of a 35-year-old man says that, for the past five weeks, he has been acting very uncharacteristically. He seems perplexed and nervous much of the time, his tone of voice varies between flat and shrill, and his speech is sometimes like "word salad." The mother says that sometimes it seems like he is listening to voices or sounds that she cannot hear. Based on this information, the most likely diagnosis is:
Schizophreniform Disorder.
63
218. When males view erotic films that depict aggressive acts toward females:
they become more accepting of violence toward women.
64
11. Dr. Cal Amity is asked to provide crisis intervention services to individuals who were affected by a tornado that destroyed many homes in a nearby community. Dr. Amity has not had experience providing assistance to people who have been traumatized by a natural disaster, but there is no one else in the area who has experience and is available to see these individuals. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Amity should:
provide services to these individuals but stop when the crisis has ended or other services become available.
65
128. According to Piaget, centration, or the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation or object while ignoring all other aspects, is characteristic of the __________ stage.
preoperational
66
135. A(n) __________ would be most likely to agree that the basic structure of memory, attention, and other aspects of cognition are similar throughout the lifespan and that increasing complexity of these abilities during childhood are due to increases in capacity and efficiency.
information processing theorist
67
136. Numerous studies have found that social support is a causal contributor to physical and psychological health. Further, research on the "buffering hypothesis" indicates that the critical factor in determining if a person's health will be adversely affected by stress is whether:
the person perceives available supports to be adequate.
68
138. In its early stages, Alzheimer's disease shares several characteristics with Korsakoff's syndrome. Specifically, both disorders are characterized by:
anterograde amnesia that affects declarative memories but not procedural memories.
69
62. Laboratory and dormitory studies have consistently shown that males and females react differently to crowding. Specifically, laboratory studies suggest that crowding is more detrimental for males, and dormitory studies indicate that:
females utilize less effective coping strategies than males in crowded situations.
70
153. Research conducted by Mamie and Kenneth Clark in the 1940s led to their conclusion that:
for young Black children, recognition of their race is linked to low self-esteem.
71
84. Surveys of heterosexual men and women have found that, with regard to sexual satisfaction in mid- to late-adulthood:
men report being more physically and emotionally satisfied with their current sexual relationships than women do
72
112. Chronically high levels of cortisol due to chronic stress can lead to significant damage to certain areas of the brain, especially to the:
hippocampus.
73
10. Item response theory is considered a useful technique for constructing all of the following types of tests except:
teacher-made (classroom) achievement tests.
74
166. When a test's reliability coefficient is equal to 0, the standard error of measurement for the test is:
equal to the test’s standard deviation.
75
106. An employee is receiving counseling from a psychologist through his company's employee assistance program. In this situation, the psychologist can let the employee's supervisor know that the employee is receiving treatment:
as long as the employee has signed an authorization for release of confidential information.
76
45. A psychologist in private practice who has been sued once in the past by a client for malpractice and who fears being sued again decides to limit his practice to clients whose problems are not highly associated with higher rates of malpractice claims. This is:
ethical as long as he makes appropriate referrals.
77
181. Raven Colored Progressive Matrices would be useful for:
assessing the intelligence of a 9-year-old non-English speaking child.
78
90. A social psychologist tells his male and female subjects the following story about Jack and Jane: On Saturday, Jack fixes his car's transmission and Jane sews. Both complete their tasks successfully. On Sunday, Jack decorates his apartment and Jane cuts down a tree in her front yard. Again, both complete their tasks successfully. Which of the following statements best describes the likely results of this research?
Males and females will both attribute Jack's success in both tasks and Jane's success in sewing to ability, but will attribute Jane's success in cutting down a tree to luck.
79
151. A 22-month old refers to all vehicles - e.g., cars, buses, and trucks - as "cars." However, when asked to point to a picture of a bus or truck, she is able to do so. This discrepancy:
represents normal language development.
80
42. It is found that a selection test is a better predictor of job success for applicants from higher socioeconomic levels than for applicants from lower socioeconomic levels. In this situation, socioeconomic level is best described as a(n):
moderator variable.
81
205. Thorndike's law of effect predicts that:
a behavior is more likely to be repeated when it is followed by a reinforcing (satisfying) consequence.
82
59. During her third therapy session, Mrs. Maitalain, age 32, reveals that her husband has "forced her" to have sex with him two or three times in the last six months. She says that she usually agrees to have sexual relations with him but sometimes doesn't feel like it because she's too tired; and, in those circumstances, he sometimes uses threats and physical violence to force her to do so. Her therapist should:
maintain Mrs. Maitalain’s confidentiality but discuss her options in this situation.
83
77. Research on the "synchrony effect" has established a relationship between circadian arousal, cognitive functioning, and age. These studies have found, for example, that the performance of older adults on cognitive tasks that require the ability to focus on goal-relevant information only and to inhibit prepotent responses is best in the:
morning.
84
93. Identifying alternative behaviors to replace targeted undesirable behaviors is an integral part of which of the following behavioral techniques?
contingency management
85
44. To use scores obtained on the eight subscales of the Parental Activities Scale to predict scores on the five subscales of the Child Adjustment Profile, you would use:
canonical correlation.
86
57. Data published by Hans Eysenck in 1952:
challenged the effectiveness of conventional psychotherapeutic interventions.
87
143. When discussing a new screening test that you've developed with several psychologists, one of the psychologists says, "Let's say that I know a particular patient does not have the disorder that is assessed by the screening test. What is the chance that the test results will show that my patient does not have the disorder?" This psychologist is interested in your test's:
specificity.
88
63. A nine-year child old with Panic Disorder:
is most likely to manifest his disorder as shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, and school refusal.
89
187. E. H. Schein (1992) proposed that organizational culture exists on which of the following three levels?
observable artifacts, espoused values and beliefs, and underlying assumptions
90
61. Brain lateralization for language is first evident:
during the first year of life.
91
222. As described in the DSM-5, which of the following are symptoms of Stimulant Intoxication?
pupillary dilation, nausea, and muscular weakness
92
165. The "FI scallop" refers to:
the pause followed by accelerated responding that occurs within each fixed interval.
93
103. An examinee's raw score on the MMPI-2's F-Scale is 18 points higher than his raw score on the K-Scale. This suggests that the examinee:
has attempted to “fake bad.”
94
195. The aspect of implicit memory that is referred to as procedural memory is mediated primarily by the:
striatum.
95
202. For individuals with Schizophrenia, the poorest prognosis is associated with which of the following?
male gender, younger age at onset, and predominant negative symptoms
96
189. The Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists (1991) states that:
records should be maintained using standards that are higher than the normative standards for records in general clinical practice.
97
224. A young child exhibiting an insecure-disorganized attachment pattern reacts to the return of his/her mother in the Strange Situation with disorganized, conflicted, and, in some cases, self-injurious behaviors. This attachment pattern has been linked to parental abuse and neglect and, more recently, with:
elevated levels of cortisol in the child during the events of the Strange Situation.
98
41. The parent of a one-year-old says her daughter shows signs of understanding some of what is said to her. However, the girl is still babbling and the closest she has come to a word is "dadada." You:
advise the parent that this is within the range of normal language development.
99
197. Synesthesia is best conceptualized as:
a physical process in the brain.
100
89. A meta-analysis of the research on expressed emotion and relapse by Butzlaff and Hooley (1998) found that high levels of expressed emotion by family members:
may be somewhat more predictive of relapse for patients with a mood or eating disorder than for patients with schizophrenia.
101
31. According to the "levels of processing" theory, the best way to remember a list of ten unrelated words is to:
make a sentence using the words.
102
52. Subjects in a research study are asked to read the following list of words: pin, sewing, thread, sharp, haystack, injection, point, pain. They are then asked to recall as many words from the list as possible, and many subjects recall the word "needle" even though it is not one of the words in the list. This illustrates which of the following?
Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm
103
23. The "risky shift phenomenon" is a potential problem when:
employees work together to derive a work-related decision.
104
66. Cross-validation is associated with which of the following phenomena?
Shrinkage
105
164. Which of the following would be most effective for reducing a rater's leniency bias?
forced-choice technique
106
150. For Irvin Yalom (1985), seeing a client in both individual therapy and group therapy is inadvisable because:
participation in individual therapy may decrease the client's involvement and participation in the group.
107
27. The split-plot ANOVA is used when:
the researcher has used a "mixed" design.
108
163. A predictor's ___________ is calculated by dividing the number of true positives by the number of true positives plus false negatives.
sensitivity
109
55. Interpreting the defenses against anxiety that underlie a client's current maladaptive behavior patterns would be of most interest to a practitioner of:
object relations therapy.
110
111. You conduct a research study to compare the effects of four weight-loss programs. To compare the average weight lost by participants in the four groups, you could conduct either a series of t-tests or a one-way ANOVA. You decide to use the one-way ANOVA because its use:
will decrease the likelihood that you will make a Type I error.
111
127. A developmental psychologist finds that low birthweight is associated with a higher risk for ADHD for boys but not for girls. In this situation, gender is a(n):
moderator variable.
112
208. The mother of a previous client of yours asks for a copy of her daughter's records. The daughter saw you for two years and died three months ago when she was 38. You should:
not release any information without appropriate authorization.
113
15. Although there is currently no cure for shingles, the duration of an outbreak may be shortened by use of which of the following drugs?
acyclovir or other antiviral medication
114
108. The tendency to overestimate personality traits as the cause of behavior and underestimate the influence of situational factors is referred to as:
the fundamental attribution bias.
115
22. You are hired by a university to teach a graduate seminar in the psychology department. In terms of the Ethics Code, you are explicitly required to do which of the following?
ensure that accurate information about the seminar is available to all interested parties
116
33. Older people are especially sensitive to both the therapeutic and toxic effects of psychoactive drugs. For example, for older (vs. younger) adults, benzodiazepine use is more likely to produce:
unsteadiness, confusion, wandering, and memory loss.
117
142. Tom J. was involved in a car accident in which he received extensive head trauma. Since the accident, Tom's movements are jerky and uncoordinated, and he is unable to walk across the room unaided. Tom most likely suffered damage to the:
cerebellum.
118
179. Compared to decentralized communication networks, centralized networks:
are associated with fewer errors and greater productivity when the task is simple.
119
200. Which of the following describes the most likely outcome for a one-year-old child who sustains left-hemisphere brain injury that involves extensive damage to Broca's area?
The child will eventually exhibit language abilities in the low-normal to normal range due to a takeover of language functions by the right hemisphere.
120
134. A friend asks you how you liked the concert you went to last Saturday night. As you try to recall the concert, you realize that your memory is being affected by other concerts you have attended in the past. In other words, your memory of last Saturday's concert is being affected by:
your schema for concerts.
121
8. Bazerman, Tenbrunsel, and Wade-Benzoni's (1998) distinction between the "should self" and the "want self" is most useful for understanding which of the following?
ethical decision-making
122
68. Which of the following terms is least descriptive of the Lockean tradition underlying the Western approach to individual psychotherapy?
Relativistic
123
154. The DSM-5 includes the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) as a means for assessing disability in adults ages 18 years and older. The WHODAS uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess functioning in which the following domains?
understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society
124
51. With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect is to __________ as the recency effect is to __________.
long-term memory; short-term memory
125
117. The best conclusion about the etiology of Major Depressive Disorder is that:
genetic and environmental factors both play a substantial role in the development of this disorder.
126
49. Charging telephone customers for using directory assistance to obtain phone numbers in order to decrease the usage of directory assistance is an application of which of the following?
response cost
127
72. Thermal (temperature) biofeedback would be most effective as a treatment for:
Raynaud’s disease.
128
162. Research investigating the effectiveness of SSRIs as a treatment for Alcohol Dependence suggests that these drugs:
are more likely to reduce alcohol consumption for individuals with late (versus early) onset Alcohol Dependence.
129
157. Of the 6 to 10% of adults over 65 who have dementia, what percent have Alzheimer's disease?
65 to 75
130
182. A regression equation is used to:
predict the likely score on a dependent variable on the basis of an obtained score on an independent variable.
131
186. The cyclic release of gonadotrophins in females is the result of regulation by the:
hypothalamus.
132
29. The smallest unit of sound that is understood is referred to as a:
phoneme.
133
47. Naasir N. states that he often can't keep himself from falling asleep during the day and, as a result, has injured himself several times at work and recently started taking the bus to work because he's afraid he'll fall asleep while driving. He says that he often experiences weakness in his legs right before he falls asleep during the day and has vivid, sometimes frightening dreams just before he wakes up. Naasir says that he likes to have a few beers in the evening and on weekends but that this seems to increase his daytime sleepiness. He reports that he has very vivid dreams at night and usually wakes up several times each night but is able to quickly fall asleep again. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for Naasir is:
narcolepsy.
134
39. Which of the following theories would predict that job enrichment would have a detrimental effect on job performance?
scientific management
135
216. The major disadvantage of a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is that:
it requires considerable time and effort to develop.
136
174. Longitudinal research by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) has found a positive relationship between the number of hours a young child spends in daycare and the rates of:
disobedience and other behavioral problems.
137
28. Research conducted in the 1930s found that ablation of the anterior temporal lobes in male rhesus monkeys produced a variety of symptoms including hypersexuality, placidity, oral tendencies, and psychic blindness. This condition is known as:
Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
138
7. A therapist can expect that an Asian American client will be LEAST likely to do which of the following?
use smiling to express disapproval or disagreement
139
170. Research evaluating the predictive validity of structured interviews as hiring tools in organizations suggests that:
the validity of structured interviews as predictors of performance is increased when the interview is used in combination with a measure of general mental ability.
140
129. Freud's psychosexual theory of development is based on the premise that, in each stage:
efforts to obtain pleasure center on a different part of the body.
141
214. Research on the use of antidepressants for alleviating chronic pain has generally found that:
mixed serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
142
79. According to the APA's Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology (APA, 2012), accepting contingent fees for professional services in a legal proceeding:
should ordinarily be avoided.
143
53. The presence of which of the following symptoms would suggest a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder rather than a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
frequent lying and running away from home
144
26. Results of Pope's (1992) survey of APA members indicated that which of the following issues was cited most frequently as being ethically troubling or challenging?
Confidentiality
145
87. When using the DSM-5, a diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder requires the presence of a significant decline in:
cognitive functioning that interferes with independence in everyday activities.
146
156. A psychologist develops a theory of alcohol abuse that describes it as the result of a combination of a genetic predisposition toward alcoholism and exposure to certain environmental factors. The psychologist's theory is best described as an example of the ____________ model.
diathesis-stress
147
184. A married couple's insurance provides reimbursement for individual therapy but not for marital therapy. The psychologist has determined, however, that marital therapy is the appropriate form of treatment for the couple. The psychologist should:
appeal to the insurance company for coverage for marital therapy.
148
25. Research comparing the use of mental health services by heterosexual adults and gay/lesbian adults has generally found that:
gay men and lesbian women are more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to use mental health services.
149
2. When conducting a research study to test the effects of two weight reduction programs on weight loss, you decide to match participants in terms of age, weight, and socioeconomic status before you assign them to groups. By doing this, you are:
trying to control systematic variance.
150
36. When the homogeneity of variance assumption for the analysis of variance is violated, the results of your statistical analysis are least likely to be invalid when:
the groups contain the same number of participants.
151
217. In their meta-analysis of the research on the impact of flextime on job outcomes, Baltes et al. (1999) found that this schedule has the greatest impact on:
absenteeism.
152
88. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Piaget's preoperational stage of development?
decentration
153
178. Surveys have found that women in which of the following groups report the highest lifetime rate of victimization by an intimate partner?
American Indians/Alaska Natives
154
104. Social psychologists define a __________ as knowledge about particular situations and how events in those situations ordinarily unfold.
Script
155
210. A client with Borderline Personality Disorder is most likely to respond to her therapist in which of the following ways?
in a manner that fluctuates between argumentativeness/hostility and excessive admiration
156
203. Which of the following is true about the retrograde amnesia caused by moderate to severe head trauma?
The most recent memories are most vulnerable to amnesia but more remote memories are the first to be recovered.
157
34. With regard to the care and use of animals in research, a psychologist who is the principal investigator:
is ultimately responsible for the animals him/herself.
158
21. Dr. Bettina B.'s new clients are a Japanese family that consists of a grandmother, mother, father, and two children. The grandmother and father speak limited English and the mother has offered to act as an interpreter. In this situation, the psychologist should:
not allow the mother to act as an interpreter.
159
173. Dr. Weiner, a psychologist, is conducting a research study and obtains subjects for his study by placing advertisements in a local newspaper. Dr. Weiner informs potential subjects about all aspects of the study and tells them that they should not agree to participate unless they are willing to stay for its duration (six sessions over a six-week period), since once they sign up, they will not be permitted to withdraw from the study. According to APA's Ethics Code, the proposed arrangement is:
unethical.
160
183. Kochanska's (1997) research suggests that, during the toddler years, the optimal parental behavior for ensuring the development of conscience in a child depends on the child's:
level of fearfulness.
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4. During the first few sessions with a male client, you learn that he has trouble maintaining friendships and is disturbed by this since he doesn't like being alone, has frequent mood shifts, gets very angry about even minor irritations, isn't sure what he wants to do with his life, and has had three different jobs in the past two years. Based on this information, the best diagnosis is:
Borderline Personality Disorder.
162
3. A systemic family therapist uses "circular questioning" in order to:
help family members recognize differences in their perceptions.
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12. Among older adults, major surgery, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia are all associated with an increased risk for which of the following?
Delirium
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24. Several subcortical structures are involved in the mediation of emotion. Studies of decorticate animals, for instance, suggest that the __________ is responsible for a violent rage response to even trivial stimuli.
hypothalamus
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114. The Leiter-3 would be useful for which of the following purposes?
to assess the cognitive abilities of high-school students with language deficits or hearing impairments
166
56. A mother is most likely to accurately recall which of the following about her child?
birth weight
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152. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a culture-fair test of intellectual ability?
Woodcock-Johnson III
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94. Alan A. has been receiving treatment from Dr. Larry L., a psychiatrist, for several months. Dr. L. suspects that Alan's self-esteem problems may be related to a learning disability that has caused academic and occupational failures throughout Alan's life and, to confirm his suspicions, refers Alan to Dr. Nancy N., a psychologist, for psychological assessment. During the course of testing, Alan tells Dr. N. that he is unhappy with the treatment he is receiving from Dr. L. and asks if he can begin therapy with her instead. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. N.'s best course of action would be to:
recommend to Alan that he discuss the matter with Dr. L. before making an appointment with her.
169
196. Within the context of organizations, peer appraisals:
are generally most useful for predicting promotions and raises.
170
38. While attending a psychology conference, a colleague reports that he has developed a new assessment evaluation for suicide risk. You believe that this test may help you in your clinical practice. However, you learn that this test is labeled, "For Research Purposes Only," at this time. Given this information, what is the appropriate course of action?
You would not use the new test.
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109. A multiple regression equation yields a predicted criterion score for an examinee based on the examinee's scores on the predictors included in a test battery. When computing a multiple regression equation, each test is weighted:
in direct proportion to its correlation with the criterion and in inverse proportion to its correlation with the other predictors in the test battery.
172
9. Lev Vygotsky's view of cognitive development is best described as a(n):
contextual approach.
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123. Secondary reinforcers are:
stimuli that gain their reinforcing value through their association with an unconditioned reinforcer.
174
105. When taken as a treatment for depression, the average onset of the therapeutic effects of the SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) is ________ after beginning to take the drug.
two to four weeks
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100. A screening test for a disorder that has a very low base rate in the population is known to have an overall accuracy rate of 98%. When using this test to identify individuals in the general population who have the disorder, it's important to keep in mind that the test will produce:
a larger number of false positives than false negatives.
176
101. As a consequence of head trauma caused by a serious car accident, a middle-aged woman experiences a loss of sensation for touch, temperature, and pain in her left hand. Most likely the damage responsible for this deficit is in her right ________ lobe.
Parietal
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74. The primary function of the psychology licensing board is best described by which of the following?
establishment of minimal standards of competence
178
18. Which aspect of long-term memory contains memories of one's personal experiences?
Episodic
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172. Although stuttering in children is often difficult to treat, there is some evidence that ____________ is the most effective approach.
regulated breathing
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50. As described by Piaget, a child in the autonomous stage of moral development believes that:
rules can be changed by consensus.
181
96. Konrad Lorenz's (1957) research on "imprinting" in ducklings and goslings had the greatest impact on the study of ___________ in human infants.
Attachment
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121. When item response theory has been used as the basis for test construction, an examinee's score on the test provides information about his/her:
status on a latent trait or ability.
183
119. You are a psychodynamic psychotherapist and are seeing a client who has several problems. One of these problems has been found to respond best to a behavioral technique that you are unfamiliar with. You should:
make a referral to a behavioral therapist.
184
113. A Mexican-American client tells his psychologist that he wants to consult a curandero about the problems he is having. To be consistent with the requirements of the APA's Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations, the psychologist should:
support the client in his desire to work with a curandero and express her willingness to collaborate.
185
207. A worker whose job consists primarily of handling customer complaints will be happier if she blames the customer's problems on:
external, unstable, and specific factors.
186
5. From the perspective of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, "private speech" is:
self-directed speech that guides the child's behavior.
187
67. In Ainsworth's "strange situation," a one-year old shows little distress when her mother leaves the room and ignores her when she returns. Most likely, this mother is:
impatient or overstimulating.
188
120. Research on Total Quality Management suggests that, when it fails, this is often because:
the employees were not sufficiently involved in problem-solving and decision-making.
189
146. It is often difficult to distinguish between Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, Delirium, and Major Depressive Disorder in older adults. However, the presence of which of the following suggests that Delirium is the appropriate DSM-5 diagnosis?
impaired attention and awareness
190
107. Research has found that the effects of sexual abuse for a child depend on several factors. Which of the following most accurately describes a finding of these studies?
The effects are less severe when the abuse was committed by a stranger.
191
76. In general, peer pressure reaches its peak in intensity during:
early adolescence (ages 13 to 15).
192
132. A psychologist wants to assess a client with a test that has not yet been validated for the client's ethnic group. To be consistent with the provisions of the Ethics Code, the psychologist:
should explain the limitations of the test results to the client.
193
140. Marlatt and Gordon's (1985) relapse prevention model focuses on:
situations antecedent to relapse.
194
73. Kurt Lewin (1951) described the process of organizational change as involving three stages. These stages are:
unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
195
69. Abnormalities in which of the following has been linked to Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Tourette's Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
basal ganglia
196
81. When conducting a principal components analysis, the components are extracted so that:
the first component accounts for the largest amount of variability.
197
139. In organizations, __________ involves training workers to perform different tasks and activities.
cross-training
198
126. For Carl Jung, transference is:
a form of projection.
199
133. Social loafing is most likely to occur when members of a team are less productive than individual members would have been working alone because:
they believe their lack of effort will not be recognized by others.
200
118. A task-oriented leader is most effective when the work situation is characterized either by good leader-member relations, a structured task, and strong leader power or by moderately poor leader-member relations, an unstructured task, and weak leader power. This is predicted by which of the following?
Fiedler's contingency theory
201
213. David Wechsler described intelligence as:
a composite of interrelated abilities.
202
37. In Albert Ellis's (1985) A-B-C model, B refers to:
a person's belief about an activating event.
203
198. Craik and Lockhart's (1972) levels of processing model of memory:
implies that elaborative rehearsal is more effective than maintenance rehearsal.
204
169. On the MMPI-2, an examinee whose highest clinical scale scores are on Scales 4 and 9 is most likely to exhibit:
antisocial behavior and impulsivity.
205
188. Based on their longitudinal study of at-risk children residing on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai, Werner and Smith (1992) concluded that the most important protective factor is:
a consistent trusting relationship with a parent, grandparent, or other person.
206
159. Role disputes, role transitions, unresolved grief, and interpersonal deficits are the primary targets of:
interpersonal therapy.
207
158. To evaluate the concurrent validity of a new selection test for salespeople, you would:
administer the test to a sample of current salespeople and correlate their scores on the test with their recently assigned performance ratings.
208
209. The more intense a stimulus, the greater the change in intensity that must occur for a person to perceive the change. This statement summarizes the predictions of:
Weber's law.
209
219. During the sixth week of the semester, students in an introductory psychology class meet on a Saturday morning to discuss their class project. In the first meeting, a couple of the students say they think the instructor is boring and a "bad" teacher. The other students say they disagree and that he "isn't so bad." At the end of their meeting, however, one of the students says, "Let's take a vote - how many of you agree that our instructor is one of the worst teachers you've ever had?" and every student raises his or her hand. The students' agreement about the instructor's lack of ability is an example of which of the following?
group polarization
210
97. In an attempt to live up to mainstream standards of beauty, a member of a racial minority alters her appearance in order to "look White." This is best described as an example of:
internalized racism.
211
43. Which of the following was responsible for the genesis of Gerald Caplan's development of mental health consultation?
recognition that the mental health of many more individuals can be improved through indirect services
212
160. A psychologist who has been seeing a prison inmate in therapy is asked by the parole board to evaluate the inmate to determine his readiness for parole. The psychologist should:
decline to conduct the evaluation because doing so would constitute a multiple relationship.
213
30. A patient with Alzheimer's dementia would be expected to perform BEST on which of the following WAIS-IV Indexes?
Verbal Comprehension
214
40. Renaldo, age 20, is afraid he's going to be fired from his job as an inventory stocker at a large warehouse because he frequently "loses track" of inventory and does not follow-through on his boss's instructions. He says he's always been forgetful and never did well in school because he had a hard time focusing on his schoolwork. Based on this information, the best DSM-5 diagnosis for Renaldo is which of the following?
Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, with insufficient inattention symptoms
215
64. In an organization, an assessment center is most likely to include which of the following?
an "in-basket test"
216
122. Vestibule training would be most useful:
when on-the-job training would be too dangerous.
217
215. A therapist who has adopted an etic perspective:
believes that mental disorders are manifested in similar ways by all people, regardless of their cultural group.
218
177. Coping strategies are an important contributor to adaptation to chronic pain, and research on coping strategies suggests that:
active coping strategies are more effective than passive strategies for improving the physical and psychological functioning of those with chronic pain.
219
1. Bateson, Jackson, Haley, and Weakland (1956) identified double-bind communication as an etiological factor for which of the following disorders?
Schizophrenia
220
60. The intentional production of a physical symptom for the specific purpose of obtaining financial benefits is characteristic of which of the following?
Malingering
221
131. From the Freudian perspective, interpretation:
helps the client uncover and gain insight into unconscious material.
222
168. Research by Broverman et al. (1970) on sex-role stereotyping found that:
male and female mental health professionals rate males more favorably.
223
221. In the context of Freudian psychoanalysis, the goal of confrontation is to:
help the client see a behavior in a new way.
224
82. Among African Americans, high-context communication is manifested in:
the use of a few words to communicate a message that would require many words for an Anglo American.
