1 Flashcards
1
Q
Studies investigating the genetic contribution to major depression have found that:
A
the risk for depression is about the same for biological offspring who have either one parent or two parents with depression.
2
Q
A psychologist investigating short-term memory shows the letter “T” to each research subject for a brief period and, after removing the letter, asks the subject what he or she has seen. The psychologist finds that many subjects report seeing the wrong letter, with the most common error of recall being which of the following letters?
A
“D”
3
Q
According to McGuire’s notion of “inoculation,” you are less likely to be persuaded by an argument against your opinion if:.
A
you’ve heard the argument and refutations of that argument before
4
Q
A new selection test is apparently having an adverse impact on females. To determine if the adverse impact is being caused by “unfairness,” you would check:
A
the predictor scores obtained by males and females.
5
Q
A __________ seizure affects movement and sensation, usually on one side of the body, without a loss of consciousness.
A
simple partial
6
Q
Most interpretations of performance on the Bender-Gestalt are directed toward:
A
screening for brain damage.
7
Q
A husband and wife avoid conflicts with one another by focusing their attention on helping their child overcome his difficulties at school. As described by Minuchin, this is an example of:
A
detouring.
8
Q
An Hispanic client would have the most difficulty working with a non-Hispanic therapist who:
A
emphasizes formality over informality
9
Q
As reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the largest number of reported cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea is for:
A
females ages 15 to 19.
10
Q
Research with mice suggests that the pleasurable effects of cocaine are mediated by ____________ and serotonin.
A
Dopamine
11
Q
The court offers a defendant the choice of jail or an in-patient alcohol treatment program after he is found guilty of driving while intoxicated. As the clinician who will be working with the man at the treatment center, you should keep in mind that:
A
a waiver of confidentiality is required and should be obtained before you release any information about the man’s treatment to the court.
12
Q
A 15-month-old child points to a milk carton on the table and says “milk,” which means, “I want some milk.” Later, when he spills milk on his shirt, he starts crying and says “milk” which means, “I spilled my milk and I’m all wet.” This illustrates which of the following?
A
holophrastic speech
13
Q
A school psychologist is trying to determine why a fourth grade student with an above-average IQ is doing poorly in school. He talks to the student’s parents and teacher separately and then meets with them jointly to discuss similarities and differences in the boy’s behaviors at home and school. From the perspective of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, the psychologist is investigating which of the following?
A school psychologist is trying to determine why a fourth grade student with an above-average IQ is doing poorly in school. He talks to the student’s parents and teacher separately and then meets with them jointly to discuss similarities and differences in the boy’s behaviors at home and school. From the perspective of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, the psychologist is investigating which of the following?
A
microsystem and mesosystem
14
Q
According to Herzberg’s “two-factor theory,” a disgruntled blue-collar worker is most likely to say he is satisfied with his job if he is:
A
given more responsibility.
15
Q
Which of the following best describes the results of research on client and provider satisfaction with the use of videoconferencing and other forms of telehealth to deliver mental health services?
A
Clients and providers both express satisfaction with telehealth but some providers also express concerns about its effectiveness.
16
Q
Although the various models of homosexual (gay/lesbian) identity development differ somewhat in terms of the number and nature of the stages they propose, most (or all) describe a person in the initial stage as:
A
recognizing that he/she is different from same-gender peers.
17
Q
Research evaluating the effectiveness of various forms of psychotherapy for older adults has found that:
A
older adults respond to a comparable degree as younger adults to most forms of therapy, although older adults may respond more slowly.
18
Q
As defined by Piaget, a child is exhibiting “horizontal decalage” when he/she:
A
manifests inconsistency in exhibiting a particular type of ability.
19
Q
Sexual dimorphism refers to:
A
differences in structure between males and females of the same species.
20
Q
Which of the following best characterizes the nature of the criticism that boys and girls tend to receive from their teachers in elementary school?
A
Boys receive criticism directed at their behavior, whereas girls receive criticism directed at their ability.
21
Q
For a diagnosis of Separation Anxiety Disorder, the DSM-5 requires symptoms of fear, anxiety, or avoidance that have lasted for at least __________ in children and adolescents or about __________ in adults.
A
four weeks; six months
22
Q
As described by Sue and Sue (1999), “playing it cool” and “Uncle Tom Syndrome” are:
A
survival mechanisms.
23
Q
Which of the following is not true of mediation?
A
A mediator can impose a settlement.
24
Q
Freud proposed that, during the ________ stage of psychosexual development, an individual experiences guilt as a result of the conflict between his or her unacceptable desires and a fear of being punished for having those desires.
A
Phallic
25
Soon after birth, infants express, through facial expression:
distress, interest, and disgust.
26
For children with ADHD, the most common side effect of methylphenidate (Ritalin) is:
appetite loss
27
Equity theory predicts that a husband will feel best about his marriage if:
in terms of their relationship, he perceives that his give/receive ratio is the same as the give/receive ratio of his wife.
28
According to _______________, successful intelligence is composed of three components -- analytical, creative, and practical.
Sternberg's triarchic model
29
The presence of which of the following would suggest that the appropriate diagnosis is Social Anxiety Disorder rather than Agoraphobia?
increased anxiety in feared situations when accompanied by a trusted companion
30
Which of the following is not true about employees with a high need for achievement (nACH)?
They prefer high-risk projects and goals that maximally challenge their ability to excel.
31
Which of the following is generally considered the best defense for a psychologist in cases of litigation?
adequate records
32
When using ________ as a memory aid, a phrase or rhyme is constructed from the first letter of each word in the list of words that is to be recalled.
an acrostic
33
The loss of memory for events that occurred during the weeks prior to a head injury is referred to as:
retrograde amnesia
34
It is important when choosing a treatment approach for a client belonging to a particular ethnic or other minority group to remember that individuals belonging to the same group exhibit diverse characteristics. However, research does suggest that, overall, Asian and Asian American clients prefer:
a directive, structured counseling approach.
35
Following her divorce nine months ago, Melody, age 29, developed intermittent abdominal pain and frequent morning headaches. She's concerned that these symptoms mean that she has cancer or other life threatening illness, and constant worry about her health has made it difficult for her to care for her children, spend time with her friends, and concentrate at work. Assuming that a physical exam has ruled out a physical cause for her symptoms, the most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for Melody is:
Somatic Symptom Disorder with predominant pain
36
A test is administered to 200 examinees and the distribution of raw scores is normal. If the examinee's raw scores are converted to percentile ranks, the number of examinees who obtain percentile ranks between 91 and 95:
will be equal to the number of examinees who obtain percentile ranks between 51 and 55.
37
One of the most influential theories in the field of attitude change is Leon Festinger's "cognitive dissonance theory." Based on the principles of this theory, it can be predicted that:
to relieve dissonance after choosing one of two equally attractive alternatives, an individual will attribute greater attractiveness to the chosen alternative.
38
The owner of a small electronics firm hires you to administer standardized cognitive ability tests to job applicants and asks you to teach her how to administer and score the tests herself. You should:
not agree to do so.
39
Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) used meta-analysis to combine the results of 475 psychotherapy outcome studies published between 1941 and 1976 and obtained a mean effect size of ___, which indicated that the average therapy client was "better off" than about 80% percent of individuals who needed therapy but did not receive it.
.85
40
A DSM-5 diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or Acute Stress Disorder requires the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to:
actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
41
The traditional explanation for the beneficial effects of acupuncture is that it promotes healing by:
restoring the flow of energy in the body.
42
Dr. Able, a psychologist, has been seeing a client for five months and feels that the client may not be benefitting from treatment. When she mentions this to him, the client says he is quite satisfied with the progress of therapy. Based on this information, Dr. Able's best course of action would be to:
consult with another psychologist to discuss the situation
43
To assess the reliability of a characteristic that fluctuates in severity or intensity over time, you would be best advised to use which of the following?
coefficient of internal consistency
44
As defined by Carl Jung, individuation refers to:
integrating parts of the self to create a unique identity.
45
A client you have been seeing for two months suddenly informs you that this will be his last session. You believe this is not a good time for the client to stop therapy and are concerned about the potential negative consequences of doing so. You should:
discuss with him the reasons you believe he should continue and recommend that he re-think his decision.
46
An item characteristic curve (ICC) indicates:
the relationship between the likelihood that an examinee will endorse the item and the examinee’s level on the attribute measured by the test.
47
An ongoing debate in the literature centers on a therapist's responsibility when working with a client who is HIV-positive and is engaging in risky sexual behavior. A central issue in this debate is:
foreseeability of harm.
48
With regard to terminating the life of animals used in research studies, the APA's Ethics Code:
permits this practice when it is appropriate and done in a way that minimizes pain..
49
As described by Piaget, a tertiary circular reaction occurs when an infant:
deliberately varies an action to discover or observe the consequences of that action
50
You are conducting a therapy group and you are now in the middle stage. You ask group members to shift from answering direct questions to talking freely about themselves. The group members show resistance to this. You should:
allow them to express their resistance.
51
Studies examining the consequences of divorce and maternal remarriage on children has revealed that boys and girls have difficulty adjusting to a stepfather during the first two years after remarriage and that:
boys (but not girls) adapt thereafter and, in many cases, show better adjustment than male peers whose mothers have not remarried.
52
Research investigating the usefulness of phototherapy as a treatment for seasonal affective disorder has generally found that it is:
an effective treatment and produces results comparable to those produced by antidepressant drugs.
53
Which of the following statements illustrates animistic thinking?
At night the sun takes a nap.
54
A researcher conducts a study to compare three different strategies for increasing students' understanding of statistics. After administering each strategy to a different group of students, she realizes that students with the highest level of math aptitude were accidentally assigned to Strategy #1. Consequently, to compare the statistics knowledge test scores obtained by participants in the three groups, the researcher should use which of the following statistical techniques?
analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
55
A therapist instructs a client who suffers from insomnia to polish his hardwood floors for at least two hours whenever he wakes up during the night. Apparently this therapist is familiar with the work of:
Milton Erickson
56
When using an ABAB research design, causality is suggested when:
the target behavior reverts to original baseline levels when the treatment is withdrawn.
57
From the perspective of Prochaska and DiClemente's (1984) transtheoretical model of change, the failures of treatment programs for cigarette smoking are often due to the fact that:
The majority of smokers are not ready to change
58
Byrne's law of attraction emphasizes the role of _________ as an essential determinant of our attraction to others.
attitude similarity
59
Kandel and Schwartz (1982) studied habituation in Aplysia, an invertebrate marine animal, in order to obtain information on:
neuronal processes underlying memory.
60
The research has found that individual therapy, group therapy, and family therapy are effective treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. With regard to individual therapy, the research has shown that:
cognitive-behavior therapy is superior to either interpersonal therapy or behavior therapy in terms of short-term effects, but cognitive-behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy are about equally effective in terms of long-term effects.
61
Bartlett Barmicide says he's continued having hallucinations ("flashbacks") several months after he stopped using a drug. He also states that he realizes that this is probably due to the drug. Bartlett most likely used which of the following?
mescaline
62
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, a primary task of a leader is to help subordinates find the best path for attaining goals. In terms of leadership style, this theory proposes that:
the best style (directive, supportive, participative, or achievement-oriented) depends on certain characteristics of the task and the subordinates.
63
The characteristic symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal include all of the following except:
hypersomnia.
64
When working with older adults, it is important to remember that:
there is greater variability among older people than younger people on a range of characteristics
65
During an interview, a job applicant exhibits one or two very positive characteristics. These characteristics then influence how the interviewer evaluates the applicant on other unrelated characteristics so that her overall impression is very favorable. This is an example of which of the following?
halo error
66
To determine the degree of association between number of hours studied and score on the EPPP for a sample of 50 licensure candidates, you would use which of the following bivariate correlation coefficients?
Pearson r
67
Authoritative parenting, which has been associated with the most positive outcomes for children and adolescents, is best described as:
high in control and high in acceptance.
68
Recent research has shown that single-session Psychological Debriefing (PD):
is not effective for preventing PTSD and may actually exacerbate PTSD symptoms.
69
Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder most often involves which of the following symptoms?
increased wakefulness, restless sleep, and vivid dreams
70
Research investigating high-risk situations associated with relapse for a variety of addictive and other problem behaviors has shown that which of the following accounts for nearly three-fourths of relapse incidents?
negative emotional states, interpersonal conflicts, and social pressure
71
Administering Ritalin to a child to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of ADHD is:
not useful since the effects of Ritalin are similar for children with and without ADHD.
72
Lawrence Kohlberg describes reasoning in his sixth (last) stage of moral development as involving consideration of universal ethical principles. In contrast, the last stage in Carol Gilligan's model of moral development emphasizes:
avoiding harm to oneself and to others.
73
Which of the following is most consistent with ethical requirements regarding publication credit for publications that are substantially based on a student's doctoral dissertation?
The student must be listed as first author except under “exceptional circumstances.”
74
Which of the following is true about the standard error of the mean?
It decreases as sample size increases.
75
As defined in the APA's Ethics Code, uninvited in-person solicitation of business by a psychologist is:
acceptable when it involves providing disaster or community outreach services.
76
Without rehearsal, information is held in short-term memory for a brief period of time. According to interference theory this is due to which of the following?
a limited capacity
77
Huntington's disease, Marfan's syndrome, and Von Willebrand's disease are due to:
an autosomal dominant gene.
78
When a rater's ratings on a criterion measure are biased by his or her knowledge of the ratee's performance on the predictor, this is referred to as:
criterion contamination.
79
Echoic is to iconic as:
Auditory is to visual
80
The belief that distorted schemas develop early in life and leave the individual susceptible to depression or other disorders when faced with stress is most consistent with the views of:
Beck.
81
A colleague of yours has just attended a seminar on Culture and Ethics where several experts argued that it is inappropriate for psychologists to attempt to obtain a signed written informed consent from members of certain cultural groups prior to their participation in therapy. As an ethical psychologist, you tell your colleague that it:
may be acceptable to document an informed consent from therapy clients in an alternative way, especially when a signed consent would be inappropriate for the client.
82
In terms of incremental validity, which of the following situations most supports the use of a new predictor?
moderate base rate with many applicants and few job openings
83
When using the Adult Attachment Interview, a mother will be classified as ____________ if she describes her parents in positive terms (e.g., "Dad was a very loving person") but either reports negative interactions with her parents or says she can't remember any early interactions with them.
Dismissing
84
As defined by Bandura, self-efficacy beliefs have four sources. These are:
prior accomplishments, observations of others, verbal persuasion, and emotional and physiological states.
85
A college student receives a high score on the realistic scale of Holland's Self-Directed Search but a low score on all other scales. This is an example of which of the following?
Differentiation
86
The symptoms of numbness, weakness, tremor, and ataxia that characterize multiple sclerosis are due to:
demyelination.
87
A pharmaceutical company asks a psychologist to help it design and conduct a research study on one of its new drugs. The company representative says the company will publish the results of the study only if they are favorable to the drug. The psychologist should:
not agree to participate in designing or conducting the study.
88
A number of researchers have attempted to determine the conditions associated with positive outcomes for children who were "at risk" at birth and during early infancy. Their studies suggest that children who recover from early deficiencies:
exhibit good social responsiveness during infancy.
89
Which of the following would be most useful when a test administrator wants to use test scores to determine how much a person has learned during the course of a six-week training program?
percentage scores
90
A client has missed the last three appointments and has not paid for the past five. You receive a letter from a state in-patient facility requesting information about the client who is now a patient there because of a suicide attempt. The request includes a valid release of information. According to the Ethics Code, you are acting ethically in this situation if you:
provide the hospital with the information it has requested.
91
Which of the following is used as an index of inter-rater reliability?
Percent agreement
92
Tiedeman and O'Hara's (1963) theory of career development was most influenced by the work of:
Erikson.
93
At __________ months of age, infants begin to search for a hidden object but reach for the object in the last place they found it even when they have seen the object moved to another location.
8 to 12
94
Irvin Yalom (1985) described the group therapist's role primarily as which of the following?
a participant/model
95
Older adults are at a particularly high risk for ________, with the risk being increased by medical illness and surgery.
delirium
96
A woman calls you asking for information about her son who is a current client of yours. You have been seeing the son in individual therapy since he was 17. He is now 18-1/2 and has just started college. This mother is paying for her son's therapy. You should:
provide the woman with information only with the permission of her son
97
Which of the following is a correct use of HIV- or AIDS-related language?
person with HIV
98
Research investigating the outcomes of parenting style for adolescents has found that the strength of the relationship between authoritative parenting and adolescent scholastic achievement is moderated most by which of the following variables?
Ethnicity
99
Applicants for a job at the Acme Corporation are very upset by some of the items included in the company's Biographical Information Blank. They feel that the items are not work-related and therefore violate their privacy. Apparently, these items:
lack face validity.
100
A DSM-5 diagnosis of Intermittent Explosive Disorder requires the presence of:
verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property, animals, or other people that does not cause injury or destruction or behavioral outbursts that do cause injury or destruction.
101
Research investigating the impact of early attachment has most consistently linked the ________ attachment pattern to aggressive behavior problems in childhood.
disorganized
102
Functional brain imaging of a patient with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease is most likely to find which of the following?
reduced metabolism in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
103
A 42-year-old woman who has just begun taking lithium carbonate as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder will most likely experience which of the following side effects?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
104
When a psychologist's work with clients will be supervised:
the client must be told about this arrangement and, when the supervisor has legal responsibility for the case, must also be given the supervisor's name.
105
The kappa statistic is used as a measure of reliability when data are:
nominal or ordinal (discontinuous).
106
Goal-setting theory, equity theory, and expectancy theory share in common which of the following?
the assumption that human cognition affects behavior
107
The ___________ refers to the tendency to ignore relevant statistical data when making a probability judgment and to rely, instead, on irrelevant information.
base rate fallacy
108
Which of the following would NOT be useful for alleviating the psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder?
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
109
The duration of sensory memory is:
milliseconds to seconds.
110
You are a community psychologist working with two rival gangs. Which of the following represents the intervention that is most likely to decrease the hostility between members of the groups?
have the gangs organize a protest against police brutality in their neighborhood
111
The research has confirmed that working memory is negatively affected by increasing age. According to Baddeley (1986), this decline is due primarily to:
the negative impact of aging on the central executive.
112
Social comparison theory's predictions about behavior are particularly applicable to:
situations involving uncertainty.
113
In a research study investigating the possible genetic transmission of ADHD, the "proband" is:
the individual who has received a diagnosis of ADHD.
114
A person with Dissociative Amnesia in unable to recall anything that happened to her during the first few hours after she was physically assaulted. As defined in the DSM, this is referred to as:
localized amnesia.
115
Tova and Thom are in their early 30s, have been married for four years, and are expecting their first child. The only vehicle they have had since their marriage is a two-seater sports car, which they both love; but they realize they will have to trade it for something more "sensible" when the baby is born. In terms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the couple's realization about their car can be best viewed as an example of:
accommodation.
116
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder would be expected to obtain the lowest score on which of the following WISC-V indexes?
Processing Speed
117
In Piaget's model of cognitive development, which stage is associated with the development of object permanence?
sensorimotor stage
118
The Buckley Amendment:
establishes the right of parents to inspect the school records of their children.
119
When using __________, examinees who obtain scores that fall within a specified range of scores are considered to have received identical scores.
Banding
120
During the first therapy session with a husband and wife who are experiencing marital problems, a therapist requests that, during the next week, they identify things in their relationship that they want to continue. Most likely, this therapist is a practitioner of:
solution-focused therapy.
121
In terms of initiating structure and consideration, the two core dimensions of leadership, research in organizations suggests that:
contrary to gender stereotypes, males and females do not differ substantially in terms of consideration or initiating structure.
122
Self-in-relation therapy is an approach to:
feminist therapy that emphasizes the role of the mother-son versus mother-daughter relationship in creating gender differences in behavior.
123
Dr. X has been asked to administer a psychological test to an individual who requires special accommodations because of a physical disability. The test was not developed or normed for individuals with this disability. The APA's Guidelines for Test User Qualifications recommend that, in this situation, psychologists:
obtain legal advice on relevant legal requirements regarding the administration and use of the test.
124
For retention of information in long-term memory, which of the following seems to be the most critical?
meaningful organization
125
An adult with traumatic brain injury is likely to obtain the lowest scores on which of the following WAIS-IV subtests?
Symbol Search, Coding, and Cancellation
126
Hypomania is associated with alterations in functioning that often include:
a marked increase in both efficiency and creativity.
127
The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is dominant for speech and language functions:
for nearly all right-handers and the majority of left-handers.
128
A securely attached infant:
becomes upset when the parent leaves the room; is unlikely to be comforted by a stranger; and seeks comfort from the parent on reunion.
129
According to the DSM-5, the lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia in the general population is approximately:
0.5%.
130
Which of the following would be most useful for combining the results of several research studies that each evaluated the effectiveness of the same treatment for a particular disorder?
effect size
131
A depressive attributional style is characterized by attributions that emphasize:
internal, stable, and global factors.
132
The wife of an alcoholic is told she is "co-dependent." This means that she:
overtly or covertly supports her husband's drinking.
133
Classic migraine:
begins with an "aura."
134
When using structural equation modeling, the "fit" between the proposed causal model and the obtained data can be evaluated using the chi-square test for goodness-of-fit. However, one problem with using the chi-square test for this purpose is that:
it is very sensitive to the sample size.
135
A female client says she frequently misperceives things and this has made her anxious about leaving home. For example, she often thinks she sees small animals at work when, in fact, the "animals" are actually inanimate objects such as books, coffee mugs, and office supplies. The woman's misperceptions are best described as:
illusions.
136
Dr. Rafael, a licensed psychologist, requires his Psychology 101 students to participate in two research studies conducted by graduate students or professors at the university as part of the course requirements. This requirement:
is ethical only if students are given a choice of alternative assignments.
137
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, learning and performance are maximized when:
level of arousal is moderate.
138
A white middle-aged man is at highest risk for suicide if he:
has been divorced for 1 year, exhibits a constriction of affect, and has a peptic ulcer.
139
The word HEART is projected onto a screen so that HE is projected to the subject's left visual field only while ART is projected to the subject's right visual field only. If the subject in the experiment is a "split brain" patient, you would expect him/her to report seeing:
ART only.
140
Your new client is a 20-year-old college student who says she's failing her classes because of her anxiety. She states that she has to force herself to leave her dorm room to go to class, and when she does, she avoids the "quad" and other large open spaces because she's afraid she'll have a panic attack. The client tells you that, when in large open spaces, she can't breathe and her heart races, she feels like she's going to die, and she's afraid that no one will help her if she has an attack. She says that she experiences the same problem when she's part of a crowd and avoids going anywhere where there's likely to be a "lot of people," which has made it hard for her to have a social life. Based on this information, the most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for this client is:
Agoraphobia
141
Skinner found that __________ can lead to "superstitious" behaviors.
noncontingent reinforcement
142
Research investigating the impact of group heterogeneity and task performance has generally found that:
ϖ group heterogeneity is preferable on disjunctive tasks but can actually be detrimental on some other types of tasks
143
Precocious puberty, or the development of secondary sex characteristics prior to age 8 in girls and 8.5 in boys, has been linked to premature awakening of the:
hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
144
If the court determines that a selection procedure is having an adverse impact, a company:
can use the procedure only if there is evidence that it is valid and there are no alternative procedures.
145
For a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa, an individual has to exhibit which of the following?
binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior for at least three months
146
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has been implicated in the control of circadian rhythms. The SCN is located in the:
Hypothalamus
147
Freud argued that the "work of the mental apparatus is directed toward keeping the quantity of excitation low." If the mental apparatus is unsuccessful in doing so, the result is likely to be which of the following?
anxiety
148
From the perspective of traditional psychoanalysis, transference is:
a form of resistance.
149
As described by Kobasa (1979), the three components of "hardiness" are:
commitment, control, and challenge.
150
Which of the following information-processing strategies is characteristic of the reintegration status of Helms's (1995) White Racial Identity Development Model?
selective perception and negative out-group distortion
151
You have been working with a couple to resolve their marital conflicts. Despite months of intensive therapy, the couple has come to the conclusion that it is in everyone's best interests to end their marriage. The couple has a 12-year-old daughter and has asked you to perform a custody evaluation for the divorce proceedings. You should:
not perform the custody evaluation.
152
Approximately _____ percent of left-handed people are left-hemisphere dominant for language
50 to 60
153
Complete or almost complete loss of movement is referred to as:
akinesia.
154
Level of organizational commitment is most predictive of which of the following?
Turnover
155
Which of the following sections of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct provide(s) "aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology"?
Preamble and General Principles
156
Herzberg's two-factor theory classifies job security, pay and benefits, relationships with co-workers, working conditions, and company policies as:
hygiene factors.
157
A 32-year old man doesn't like talking to his neighbors or co-workers, says he's not interested in marriage, doesn't reciprocate smiling in conversations, and says he doesn't experience strong emotions. He also says that, in school, he was an underachiever, a "loner," and was frequently teased by peers. These symptoms are most suggestive of:
Schizoid Personality Disorder.
158
Participants in a research study are asked to tap with a finger to keep time with a metronome. After several taps, the metronome is turned off and participants are asked to continue with the same beat. Participants with damage to which of the following areas of the brain will have the most difficulty with this task?
Cerebellum
159
Drugs that block the activity of __________ produce dry mouth, blurred vision, postural hypotension, tachycardia, and sedation.
ACh
160
Prospective memory:
refers to "remembering to remember."
161
Research has found maternal depression to be a risk factor for the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development of children. For example, there is evidence that toddlers of mothers with severe depression tend to be
passively noncompliant.
162
The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is best described as:
a measure of basic knowledge of psychology.
163
An assumption underlying the notion of "groupthink" is that:
pressures toward uniformity limit task effectiveness
164
As a treatment for erectile dysfunction, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) exerts its therapeutic effects by increasing:
blood flow to the penis.
165
Which of the following tests would be useful for determining if a child's academic problems are due to a language disability?
ITPA-3
166
Several types of questions are used by family therapists. The type of question that is designed to explore the interconnectedness of family members and the recurrent patterns in their relationships is referred to as:
circular.
167
According to Fiedler's (1984) contingency theory of leadership, task-oriented leaders are most effective when the work situation is _______________ with regard to the leader's sense of certainty, predictability, and control over his/her employees.
very high or very low in favorableness
168
The concept of triangulation is central to general systems theory and can be found in the work of Bowen, Minuchin, Satir, and others. Although these theorists differ somewhat in their definition of triangulation, in general, it is said to be occurring when:
to reduce tension between them, a two-person system draws in a third party.
169
As defined by Piaget, assimilation and accommodation are the two components of:
adaptation.
170
Of the cases processed by the APA's Ethics Committee as the result of revocation of a psychologist's license by a state licensing board, the most common underlying cause for the loss of licensure is which of the following?
loss of licensure in another jurisdiction
171
Obtaining research participants for a study on the sexual practices of single young adults from computer dating services, "singles' clubs," and activities for singles sponsored by a variety of organizations would help increase:
external validity.
172
Damage to the left temporal lobe is most likely to cause:
impaired memory for words
173
A practitioner of Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy works together with a therapy client to identify and test faulty interpretations. This process is referred to as:
collaborative empiricism.
174
You are developing an educational program to discourage high school students from using drugs. You are considering using "fear arousal" as one method for persuading the students but should keep in mind that the research has shown that:
high levels of fear arousal are associated with the greatest amount of opinion change as long as certain conditions are met.
175
A new client joins a clinician's grief group and tells everyone that his wife died and that he "just can't get over it." He says they were married 25 years and were planning on traveling around the world when she became ill. The man complains of not sleeping, eating very little, and not wanting to spend time with friends. The clinician is more likely to assign a DSM-5 diagnosis of Uncomplicated Bereavement to the man than a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder if:
the man's symptoms have dissipated in intensity over time and occur primarily when he thinks about his wife and their relationship.
176
Inspection of an examinee's K-corrected MMPI-2 profile reveals that she obtained a T score of 65 or above on the majority of the clinical scales. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this profile?
The examinee randomly selected true and false responses.
177
Compared to adolescents and adults without ADHD, those with ADHD:
are at a higher risk for substance use disorders with the risk being greatest for those with comorbid conduct problems
178
Results of the National Survey of Family Growth (2002) indicate that 33% of all marriages end in separation or divorce within 10 years and that the rates of divorce are highest for women who:
marry at a younger age and have a lower level of education
179
Which of the following best describes the difference between escape and avoidance conditioning?
Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only avoidance conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning.
180
You suspect a colleague of violating ethical guidelines. To be consistent with the provisions of the Ethics Code, you should:
either handle the situation informally or file a report, depending on which course of action you believe is most appropriate.
181
First-and second-grade children who have been identified as being at risk for academic underachievement are provided with a special after-school program. This is an example of:
secondary prevention.
182
According to Kinder and Sears (1981), symbolic racism is rooted in:
the belief that members of minority groups violate traditional American values
183
When using a structured interview, the responses of interviewees are evaluated:
against an established criterion.
184
A school psychologist is contacted by the father of one of the school's students. He informs the psychologist that the family is moving to another state and requests that she provide him with a copy of his child's records. The psychologist should:
request the name and address of the new school and forward the records to the school psychologist once the family has moved.
185
As described by Mildred Parten (1932), children's social play includes all of the following types of play except:
onlooker.
186
Dr. Stanley Stat conducts a meta-analysis of the research on the effects of a behavioral treatment for ADHD for adults and obtains an average effect size (Cohen's d) of .50. Based on these results, he concludes that the effect size for adults is twice the effect size previously reported in a meta-analysis of the research on the effects of this treatment for adolescents. Apparently, the reported effect size for adolescents was:
.25.
187
The method of loci and other mnemonics are most useful for:
information that is not inherently meaningful
188
Treisman and Gelade's (1980) feature integration theory would be of most interest to a psychologist conducting research on:
visual attention.
189
A patient who has recently been prescribed Prozac (fluoxetine) as a treatment for depression:
should be warned that sleep and anxiety problems may temporarily increase.
190
A test developer uses factor analysis to evaluate the construct validity of his newly developed test of self-efficacy. The results indicate that the measure's communality is .40. This means that:
40% of variability in test scores is accounted for by all of the identified factors.
191
When working with American Indian/Alaskan Native clients, an effective intervention would involve coordination with traditional healers (if appropriate), incorporation of members of the extended family, and a(n):
combination of client-centered and behavioral approaches.
192
The World Health Organization's International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) and Determinants of Outcome Study have compared patients with Schizophrenia from non-Western developing countries to those from Western industrialized countries. This research has found that patients from developing and industrialized countries tend to differ in terms of:
course and outcomes.
193
The probability of making a Type I error is equal to:
alpha.
194
When using the multiple hurdles approach in personnel selection, a critical decision is:
the order in which the predictors will be administered.
195
Soon after starting to take an antidepressant, a young woman develops several troublesome symptoms including dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and blurred vision. Which of the following would be most useful for alleviating these side effects?
a cholinergic agonist
196
You would use which of the following to estimate what a predictor's criterion-related validity coefficient would be if the predictor and/or criterion had a reliability coefficient of 1.0?
correction for attenuation formula
197
To use the Taylor-Russell tables to evaluate a new selection test, you need information about which of the following?
base rate, selection ratio, and validity coefficient
198
Dr. Scott Seven is administering the Rorschach to a 23-year-old hospitalized patient who recently started exhibiting symptoms suggestive of psychosis. During the inquiry phase of test administration, Dr. Seven will:
question the patient about his responses
199
Dr. Passe is hired by a company to evaluate an employee for promotion into a high-level position. The company manager tells Dr. Passe that the employee was evaluated six years ago prior to his last promotion, and the company wants Dr. Passe to make a recommendation based on those results without an additional evaluation. Dr. Passe is concerned that some of the information from the evaluation is no longer relevant. He should:
discuss with the manager the possibility that the data are obsolete and that new data should be collected.
200
John is a 35-year-old graphic designer who is seeking help for his fear of public speaking. Due to a recent promotion, he is now required to make regular "pitches" to prospective clients. Previously, his work was mostly "behind the scenes," and he's afraid that he will "blow it" when making presentations and look incompetent and silly to his co-workers and the clients. John is considering asking to be demoted so that he won't have to make presentations. He states that public speaking has been a problem for him since high school, and that he feels like he's having a panic attack whenever he has to speak in front of a group. The most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for John is:
Social Anxiety Disorder
201
You receive a phone call from Hermann H., age 28, who says he is "totally miserable" because of the recent breakup with his girlfriend and that he would like to begin therapy with you. During the first session with Hermann, you find out that his political views are completely repugnant to you, and you feel that you would not enjoy working with him. As an ethical psychologist, you should:
provide Hermann with appropriate referrals
202
To encourage college students to participate in her research study, Dr. LaPlace offers students free admittance to a popular four-hour workshop ("Finding a Meaningful Relationship and Keeping It") that is offered by a colleage of hers. This policy:
may be acceptable as long as Dr. LaPlace is careful to clarify any risks, obligations, and so on with the students.
203
In working with a client who has received a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder, a cognitive therapist's initial goal would be
to establish a working alliance that provides the client with a sense of safety.
204
When factors in a factor matrix are "oblique," this means that:
the correlation coefficient for any two factors is greater than zero.
205
Linda Lindsay obtains a score of 85 on the Lie (L) Scale of the MMPI-2. What is the most likely explanation for her elevated score?
Linda has a lack of insight into her own behavior.
206
A distribution of scores has a mean of 110 and a standard deviation of 10. Adding 12 points to each score in the distribution will:
increase the mean by 12 but have no effect on the standard deviation
207
When working with an African American family, the best approach is likely to be which of the following?
adopting a multisystems approach
208
As described by Bandura (1968), inhibition and disinhibition are two of the possible effects of:
vicarious learning.
209
Fiedler and Garcia's (1987) cognitive resource theory predicts that the relationship between leader intelligence and leader effectiveness is moderated by:
The leader’s stress level
210
According to Kohlberg, the moral judgments of preschool children are ordinarily based on:
the consequences of the act.
211
An expert witness is recognized by the court to be qualified to offer opinions on a specific issue. To qualify as an expert witness, a psychologist must:
have appropriate education, training, and experience.
212
Damage to which of the following areas of the brain is most likely to cause deficits in prospective memory?
prefrontal region
213
Prolonged exposure to stress may lead to chronic __________ by the adrenal glands.
secretion of cortisol
214
You are starting a new program for children of recently divorced parents. You tell the editor of the local newspaper (who has just divorced her husband) that her two children can attend the program for free if she puts an article about the program in the paper. According to the Ethics Code, this is:
unethical because psychologists are prohibited from compensating a newspaper employee for publicity in a news item.
215
Which of the following statements best illustrates Beck's "cognitive triad"?
That’s the story of my life – I never do anything right.
216
A father wants to increase his son's studying and violin practice and, therefore, reinforces each behavior whenever it occurs with a token that can be exchanged later for a desired privilege. After a period of time, the father realizes that his son will never become a violin virtuoso and stops reinforcing the boy's violin practice. The father can expect which of the following?
violin practice will decrease but studying will increase
217
In his study of moral development, Kohlberg presented research participants with stories that posed a conflict between two moral dilemmas. In the most famous of these stories, the "________ dilemma," participants were presented with a choice between the value of obeying the law and the value of human life.
Heinz
218
As defined by Piaget, the ability to engage in deferred imitation depends on the development of:
mental representation.
219
The symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder are:
usually most severe during the early adult years.
220
For Salvador Minuchin, "psychosomatic families" (e.g., those in which asthma, diabetes, or anorexia threaten the life of one child) are most likely to be characterized by which of the following?
weak boundaries between family members and limited opportunities for individual autonomy
221
According to Erikson, successful resolution of the final stage of psychosocial development involves which of the following?
Wisdom
222
When using second-order conditioning to establish a new conditioned response:
the second conditioned response will not be as strong as the first conditioned response.
223
Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?
A CS is paired with an US until a CR is established; subsequently, a second CS is paired with the first CS until it also elicits a CR.
224
On the MMPI-2, an attempt to "fake bad" is suggested when an examinee obtains:
a very high F scale score or a very low K scale score.
225
Your research study involves assessing the effects of two independent variables on three dependent variables. In this situation, you would choose to conduct a MANOVA to analyze the data you collect rather than separate factorial ANOVAs in order to:
control the experimentwise error rate.
