Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICRB 265 > 8-1: The Human Microbiome > Flashcards

8-1: The Human Microbiome Flashcards

1
Q

How many bacterial genes for every human gene

A

~100
3.8x10^13 bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collection of microbes living in/on us

A

Human microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microbiota and the environment they live in

A

Human microbiome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microbial flora is…

A

Used same way as microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is dysbiosis

A

Term used to describe microbiota that is unhealthy for the host. “out of balance” - loss of commensals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Things we know little about with regards to the microbiome:

A

community dynamics, how they interact
Links btw microbiota and disease: causal or correlative?
Mechanisms linking microbiota and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are microbiota of similar people similar? How are they different?

A

Similar at phylum level, but also unique in each individual at species level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microbiota composition depends largely on

A

Environmental factors, some genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Loss of resilience in composition leads to

A

Dysbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

About the (gut) microbiota…

A

Established at a young age, remarkably resilient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the microbes in/on our bodies

A

Gastrointestinal tract (stomach, SI, LI)
Skin
Oral cavity/upper respiratory tract (mouth, nose, throat)
Urogenital tract (urethra, vagina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Major players of microbiome in various locations

A

Lactobacillus (vagina)
Streptococcus (saliva)
Bacteroidetes (GI)
Propionibacterium (skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of the GI tract has the densest microbial population

A

Large intestine (increases as progress down GI tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does the stomach have lots of microbes? Why/why not

A

No, low pH keeps numbers low, but still some

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What protects the epithelium that lines intestines of the GI tract

A

mucous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is mucous

A

thick and slippery suspension that includes antimicrobial factors and mucin

17
Q

What is mucin

A

Gel-like glycoprotein substance, serves as barrier

18
Q

Where do most microbes remain in the GI tract

A

Lumen

19
Q

What feeds the GI tract population

A

Nutrients in food, some of which we can’t digest

20
Q

How is the gut microbiota variable?

A

Person-to-person differences
Even most abundant genera missing from some ppl

21
Q

Three major phyla of the gut microbiota

A
  1. Bacteroidetes: g(-)
  2. Firmicutes: g(+)
  3. Proteobacteria: maintain anaerobic environment by consuming any O2 present
22
Q

Major metabolism of the gut

A

Fermentation

23
Q

What breaks down (ferments) diverse CHO from food

A

Primary fermenters (Bacteriodetes)

24
Q

How is the gut microbiota important for human health

A
  • compete with pathogens to prevent colonization
  • digest food
  • Produce nutrients we can’t make (vitamins, aa)
  • promote healthy immune system
25
Q

Fibers are fermented to

A

short-chain f.a.

26
Q

Symbiotic relationship with gut flora is…

A

mutualistic

27
Q

When helicobacter pylori is in the stomach…

A

Stomach ulcers

28
Q

What causes dental plaque

A

Formation of biofilms over bacteria on teeth

29
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is on the skin, it is an…

A

opportunistic pathogen

30
Q

What leads to s. aureus infections

A

Cuts/wounds
Release potent virulence factors

31
Q

What dominates vaginal microbiota? What do they do?

A

Lactobacillus species
Lower vaginal pH (~5) via fermentation end products (lactic acid)

32
Q

What does low vaginal pH prevent? What happens when it is high?

A

Infection with pathogens
Reduced lactobacillus increases pH allowing yeast to bloom = yeast infection

33
Q

What is a prebiotic

A

Substance that when consumed promotes growth of beneficial microbes (e.g. fiber)

34
Q

Explain fecal transplants

A

Fecal from healthy donor transplanted into dysbiosis patient, reintroduce normal/healthy microbiota

35
Q

What infection can fecal transplants cure

A

Clostridoides difficile infections

MICRB 265 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions